Informal Formal

Social Sectoral
Spaces

Urban Rural
Global local
 Formal Community
• when people come together to accomplish specific goals and
objectives.
• official groups have particular structures and roles where
responsibilities of members of the group are defined.
• Activities carried have specific guidelines w/c members of the
group are supposed to adhere to and follow to ensure good
coordination
 e.g. of formal groups

• schools, church, hospitals, government, and civic

organizations.
 Formal group’s characteristics

• in engaging joint activities and discussion, helping

each other, and sharing information with each other.
 e.g. of formal communities

academic Recreation retirement

 Informal community

• to accomplish a specific task which is mainly socially

geared.
• for satisfaction of both personal and psychological
needs.
 Characteristics of Informal Groups

• a set of personal relations, social networks, common

interest and emotional sources of motivation.
 Informal community

• not subjected to any rules and regulations in the

company, and the members of this group willingly
belong to this group.
• no explicit guidelines that govern the operations of an
informal group.
 Examples of informal communities

Ecovillage co-ops
s Co-housing communities
communities Religious communities
 Different kinds of sectors

Law enforcement
Service/fraternal Org.
Health Education
Business Parents
Youth The media
Government
Religion Sports and Creation
Human services
Housing and Development
The
CommunityActivistand Volunteer Groups Environment
Characteristics of Sectoral Communities:

 Voluntary , non-profit and non-

governmental
 NGOs: Non-governmental organizations
Examples of Sectoral Communities:
1. Non-profit organization-
is granted a tax-exempt status by IRS ( Internal Revenue
Service---it provides a public benefit
2. Non-governmental organization-
are independent of government involvement are known as
non-governmental organizations or NGOs or non-
government organizations
 research-education-information and
advocacy organization serving the
marginalized sectors.
 Seeks contribute to people’s
empowerment by generating and
collecting socio-economic data and
analyses, and disseminate these in the
Philippines and abroad.
provides six major services:
Blood Services, Disaster
Management
Services, Safety Services,
Community Health and
Nursing Services, Social
Services
and the Volunteer Services.
 An independent, nonprofit
media agency that
specializes in investigative
reporting of political, social,
and related issues
surrounding the Filipinos.
 A non-profit Christian
ministry working to help
build responsible and self-
reliant communities by
enabling Filipino families in
need to acquire affordable,
decent, and durable homes.
 An international, non-
sectarian organization
advocating for the cause of
street children throughout
the world
 A volunteer-based
organization working
towards protection of
animals from cruelty
through education,
sheltering and advocacy.
 Protecting Nature.
Protecting Life. Committed
to nature conservation
through community
empowerment, and
scientific excellence.
Engaged in advocacy works
supportive of wetland
conservation.
7. Social Space
 Social Space
• a physical or a virtual space such as social center, online social
media, or other gathering place where people gather and
interact.
• will give benefits in the creation of resilient built environment.
 Characteristics of Social Space
Communities:
• Environmental infrastructures
• Natural and semi-natural (man influenced) green
infrastructure elements
• Natural spaces
• Environment as a social space, place of interaction
• Public space/open space related to human’s daily life
 Characteristics of Social Space
Communities:
• Green recreation zones
• Neutral grounds for different groups to come together 
• Social green surrounding
• Outdoor space
• Safe place, etc.
 Examples of social space communities:

1. Social Center
- are community spaces such as buildings which are used for a
range of disparate activities, which can be linked only by being
not-for-profit.
 Examples of social space communities:

2. Town Squares
This is an open public space commonly found in the heart of a
traditional town used for community gatherings.
 Examples of social space communities:

3. Parks
area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human
enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or
natural habitats.
 Examples of social space communities:

4. Pubs- It is a tavern or bar

 Examples of social space communities:

5. Shopping Malls-
A large building or series of connected buildings containing a
variety of retail stores and typically also restaurants.
 To classify every type f community by the ff
purpose:

1. Interest- share the same interest or passion

2. Action- trying to bring about change.
3. Place- brought together by geographic boundaries.
4. Practice- same profession or undertake the same activities
5. Circumstance- brought together by external
events/situations
Difference between
Formal Groups
and
Informal Groups
 Formation/structure

Formal groups VS. informal groups

defined where the hierarchy does not have structures,

and flow of information from but when it does exist it is
one member of the group to the mostly not defined. does
other member is not have structures, but
communicated. when it does exist it is
mostly not defined.
Difference Between
Urban Community
and
Rural Community
 Formation

Formal Group VS. Informal group

relationship between members relationship between

is professional because the members is personal.
group is created to achieve a
specific task or goal that is
controlled by the management
of the organization.
 Size

Formal Group VS. Informal group

Small– close friends or

Large--- they are formed w/ the
people who know each
purpose of ensuring that they
other at a personal level
can achieve goals that
measures the success of the
company
 Nature/life

Formal Group VS. Informal group

• usually stable and are likely not stable because they are
governed by the feelings
to exist for a lengthy period
• task allocated to a formal between the members.
group may last for a long
duration
 Lesson 5:
Community Action
Instructions: Define the following words based on your
understanding. Limit your answers to 1 - 2 sentences in each
number..

1. Engage 1. Resilient
2. Plan 2. Accountable
3. Implement 3. Vigilant
4. Develop 4. Adaptable
5. Sustain 5. Progress
• Collection of efforts done by
developing partnership What is
toward and addressing community
social problems, in order to Action?
achieve social well-being.
• can take the form of
community engagement and
solidarity, w/c bolster
citizenship in the process.
 Community
Engagement
The process of developing
partnership and sustaining
relationships with and through
groups of people affiliated by
geographic proximity or common
good and of addressing issues
that affects their well being.
 School

Service learning
Community outreach
Community Engage research CEnR

Teaching methodology that employs

community service and reflection of
service to teach community engagement,
development and strengthen communities
A. Service learning

employs community service

and reflection of service --to
teach community engagement,
development and strengthen
communities
 B. Community
outreach
• Voluntary services done by students,
faculty, school, employees or alumni
in response to the social, economic
and political needs
Community Service Community development
One-way initiative from Requires fostering of
someone who devotes partnership and sustaining
time relationships with communities
Community engaged research ( CEnR)

Collaborative process between the

faculty and or student researches
and the partner community in
conducting research
 Level of community Engagement

1. Information- one-way relationship or disseminating

information t community members– covering passive access
information by people via traditional media, mass media,
social media

2. Consultation -involves obtaining stakeholder approval for

a purposes of getting feedback w/o direct community
 Level of community Engagement

3. Involvement- enlisting community stakeholders as

volunteers and/consumers of an envisaged service
learning/community outreach project and its associated
services
4. Active Participation- allows the involvement of community
members in the planning, implementation, and overall
assessment of development initiatives.
 Modalities of Community Engagement

Transactional Transformational
Transitional
One-way Two-way community
Two-way project characterized by
community projects/ community project
activities that come active dialogue and
brought by the critical reflectively
the service providers process of
to the community brought about by the
consultation and process of involvement
collaboration and active participation
between service between external agent
provider and the and the community
community
 Solidarity

The firm and persevering

determination to commit
oneself to the common good by
mutually supporting and
sustaining movements for social
change and social justice
 Advocacies of Solidarity
Health for all

Education for all

Good Governance for all
Economic Justice for all
Climate and Environmental of all people
Defining Community Members' Roles

Diverse members
Everyone could
bring anything on
the table
unique
 Basic components parts of community:
‘’COMMUNITY SECTORS’’
Social Institutions (5 key sectors)
Schools

Churches
Media

Businesses Govenrment
 Other Common Organizations:

• Clinics • Day Care Centers • Ethnic clubs or

associations
• Hobby groups • Housing authorities and housing groups
• Libraries • Service associations (the Rotary, etc.)
• Neighborhood groups • Parent-Teacher organizations
• Professional Organizations • Professional Schools
• Recreation groups • Religious groups • Social service
agencies • Veterans groups • Specialized
 Progressive
Vigilant Communities
Communities
Community Adaptive
Resilient Virtues Communities
communities
Accountable
Communities
 Resilient communities

 able to be happy, successful, etc. again after something

difficult or bad has happened:
 Despite of the natural calamities such as floods, heat
waves, earthquakes and etc, communities should rise from
it all and continue to live and exist as theses challenges are
already expected
 Vigilant Communities

 Communities must be vigilant to possible threats--- securing

the safety of its members is one of the main focus of any
community
 Being alert and awake always give a head start
 Adaptive communities

• Progressive community is more likely the same with

Adaptive Community. More like into changes
• acts on ideas and change the status qou by anticipating
future trends
e.g. adopting to the new normal
guidelines to survive
 Accountable Communities

• have the best people who knows their role in their

community-- have the sense of ownership
• Accountable people do not just look after their own advantage
but the benefit of all the members of the community.
 Five-Point Community Initiatives
The processes or mechanisms that a community
undergoes in order to develop and realize its goals.
Planning
Engagement Implementation converting ideas
connecting to the action and into blueprints
community and its realization of the through meetings
people set plans and discussion
Development
Sustainability
enhancing process
meeting needs of
for continuous
stakeholders;
implementation
pursued as a goal
Opportunities that contribute to
community development
 1. What is the situation of the people in the image?
2. What message do you think the artist is trying to convey?
3. Make your own title of the image.
 vital in building harmonious and progressive community.
‘’social action’’– w/c involves local
Community citizens to be part of planning,
Action?? operationalization, and implementation
of goals set by the community to
develop.
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
was crafted to fight poverty. It has
established over a thousand of
Community Action Agencies.
W/different core functions but anchored
their aim in fighting against poverty
cycle of poverty and powerlessness

Social Determinants of Health and Development

Differences in exposure Differences in vulnerability

Differences in
consequences
 Differences in exposure
• People in poverty are
likely to get exposed to
particular health risk, as
they are prone to higher
levels of stress brought by
their work.
• Lower paid employees
usually do hard manual
or technical labor.
Differences in vulnerability

 People in poverty has the

inability to pay for regular
health care or medical
treatment.
• They suspend their
treatment or choose not to
get treated at all.
 .Differences in consequences
• Children in poverty, most of the
time, skip school to work. They end
up going back to school years older
than their grade level peers.
• usually the cause of students
eventually dropping out because of
age difference. In result, they land
into blue collar jobs that pays low.
 social factors when addressed, improve
conditions for health and development
Social
Economic Politics
Norms of
Factors
Acceptance
Social Cultural of Living
Inclusion Factors Particular conditions
Behaviors
Education or Practices geography
 Economic Factors

Problem:
Unemployment rate is growing
year after year
solution:
The government must extend
more its help to people who
lack jobs, graduate or not.
Cultural Factors
Gender is one factor for the
inequality of opportunities.
Different breaks are given to men
and women. Choice of food is
also a factor. United States has
the high rate for heart health
problems than Japan, because of
their diet. Food intake also varies
from religious belief system
Social Inclusion
• Building good relationship with
neighbors lowers the risk of stress
and paranoia.
• Participative individuals have
healthier lifestyle since it requires
healthier mind and body to
involve oneself
Education

 is the key for a better future.

 It grants better jobs that pays
well.
 Educated people have more
choices in career, health and life.
5. Social Norms of Acceptance of
Particular Behaviors or Practices
Vices are detrimental to health.
Examples are smoking, alcohol and
drug abuse.
Other unhealthy habits include
sleeping late or sleeping less that
the recommended hours of sleep,
unbalanced and procrastination
6. Politics
Every group has a decision making
committee. From planning to
implementation, the decision of the
group must be unanimous.
However, projects that lack accord
could be harmful as it break
routine, which most find it
unhealthy.
Living Conditions

The stress of living in a difficult

situation or neighborhood brings
forth is unhealthy.
Geography
People living in far-flung places
have little access to hospitals,
schools, and other institutions.
 Developing Intervention
Planning is the key for addressing concerns of any kind.
 process on how to properly develop
intervention
1. Identify the community problem/goal to be addressed and
what needs to be done
2. Assess the level of the problem or goal.
3. Describe the prioritized groups to benefit and those
implementing the intervention
 process on how to properly develop intervention

4. Indicate how you will obtain clients' input, identifying and

analyzing problems and goals to be addressed by the
intervention.
5. Analyze the problem or goal to be addressed by the
intervention
6. Set goals and objectives for what "success" would look
like
7. Identify and assess "best practices" or "evidence-based
interventions" that could help address the problem or goal.
 process on how to properly develop intervention

8. Specify the core components and elements of the intervention

9. Identify the mode of delivery through which each

component and element of the intervention will be delivered in
the community (e.g., workshops for skill training).
10. Indicate how you will adapt the intervention or "best
practice" to fit the needs and context of your community (e.g.,
differences in resources, cultural values, competence,
language).
 process on how to properly develop intervention

11. Develop an action plan for the intervention

12. Pilot-test the intervention on a small scale.

13. Implement the intervention, and monitor and evaluate the

process (e.g., quality of implementation, satisfaction) and
outcomes (e.g., attainment of objectives).
 Community Youth and Education
Development
Education and interest precede youth participation in community
engagement. The Department of Education (DepEd) and the National Youth
Commission (NYC) are the anchors of such that, also, ensure brighter future
for the youth. In section 3 of R.A. 9155, otherwise known as the Governance
of Basic Education Act of 2001, the agency's purposes and objectives are
embedded.
Sec. 3. Purpose and Objectives.
(a) To provide the framework for the governance of basic education
which shall set the general directions for educational policies and
standards and establish authority, accountability and responsibility
for achieving higher learning outcomes;
(b) To define the roles and responsibilities of, and provide resources
to, the field offices which shall implement educational programs,
projects and services in communities they serve;
(c) To make schools and learning centers the most important vehicle
for the teaching and learning of national values and for developing
in the Filipino learners love of country and pride in its rich heritage;
Sec. 3. Purpose and Objectives.
(d) To ensure that schools and learning centers receive the kind of
focused attention they deserve and that educational programs,
projects and services take into account the interests of all members
of the community;
(e) To enable the schools and learning centers to reflect the values of
the community by allowing teachers/learning facilitators and other
staff to have the flexibility to serve the needs of all learners