Python If ...

Else
Python Conditions and If statements
Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:
•Equals: a == b
•Not Equals: a != b
•Less than: a < b
•Less than or equal to: a <= b
•Greater than: a > b
•Greater than or equal to: a >= b

These conditions can be used in several ways, most commonly in "if statements"
and loops.
An "if statement" is written by using the if keyword.
Example
If statement:

a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
Elif
The elif keyword is pythons way of saying "if the previous conditions were not true,
then try this condition“.

Example
a = 33
b = 33
In this example a is equal to b, so
if b > a: the first condition is not true, but
the elif condition is true, so we
print("b is greater than a") print to screen that "a and b are
equal".
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
Else
The else keyword catches anything which isn't caught by the preceding
conditions.

Example
a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
else:
print("a is greater than b")
You can also have an else without the elif:

Example

a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
else:
print("b is not greater than a")
Short Hand If
If you have only one statement to execute, you can put it on the same line as
the if statement.
Example : One line if statement:
if a > b: print("a is greater than b")

Short Hand If ... Else

If you have only one statement to execute, one for if, and one for else, you
can put it all on the same line:

Example : One line if else statement:

a = 2
b = 330
print("A") if a > b else print("B")
a = 330
b = 330
print("A") if a > b else print("=") if a == b else print("B")
And
The and keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional statements:

Test if a is greater than b, AND if c is greater than a:

a = 200
b = 33
c = 500
if a > b and c > a:
print("Both conditions are True")
Or
The or keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional statements:

Test if a is greater than b, OR if a is greater than c:

a = 200
b = 33
c = 500
if a > b or a > c:
print("At least one of the conditions is True")
Nested If
You can have if statements inside if statements, this is called nested if statements.

Example
x = 41

if x > 10:
print("Above ten,")
if x > 20:
print("and also above 20!")
else:
print("but not above 20.")
The pass Statement
if statements cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have an if statement with no
content, put in the pass statement to avoid getting an error.

a = 33
b = 200

if b > a:
pass
Python While Loops

Python Loops
Python has two primitive loop commands:
• while loops
• for loops

The while Loop

With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true.

Print i as long as i is less than 6:

i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1
The break Statement
With the break statement we can stop the loop even if the while condition is true:

Exit the loop when i is 3:

i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
if i == 3:
break
i += 1
The continue Statement
With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration, and continue with the
next:

Continue to the next iteration if i is 3:

i = 0
while i < 10:
i += 1 Print a message once the condition is false:
if i % 2 == 0:
continue i = 1
print(i) while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1
else:
print("i is no longer less than 6")
 Python For Loops

Print each fruit in a fruit list:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)

The for loop does not require an indexing variable to set beforehand.

Looping Through a String

for x in "banana":
print(x)
The break Statement
With the break statement we can stop the loop before it has looped through all
the items:

Exit the loop when x is "banana":

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
if x == "banana":
break

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
break
print(x)
The continue Statement
With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration of the loop, and
continue with the next:

Do not print banana:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
continue
print(x)
The range() Function
To loop through a set of code a specified number of times, we can use
the range() function,

The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by

default, and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified number.

for x in range(6):
print(x)

Note that range(6) is not the values of 0 to 6, but the values 0 to 5.

Using the start parameter:
for x in range(2, 6):
print(x)

Increment the sequence with 3 (default is 1):

for x in range(2, 30, 3):
print(x)
Example
Break the loop when x is 3, and see what happens with the else block:

for x in range(6):
if x == 3: break
print(x)
else:
print("Finally finished!")
Nested Loops
A nested loop is a loop inside a loop.
The "inner loop" will be executed one time for each iteration of the "outer loop":

Print each adjective for every fruit:

adj = ["red", "big", "tasty"]
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in adj:
red apple
for y in fruits:
red banana
print(x, y) red cherry
big apple
big banana
big cherry
tasty apple
tasty banana
tasty cherry