Numbers and arithmetic
Introduction to Python
Learning objectives
• Understand the importance of using correct data
types: string, integer or float
• Use the int, float and round functions
• Understand how to use assignment statements
correctly
• Perform arithmetic using the BIDMAS rule
• Write a program involving input, calculation and
output
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What does this program do?
• Look at the code below and describe what each line
does
#Animal
animal = input("Enter the name of an animal: ")
description = input("How would you describe a " + animal + "? ")
print ("A",animal,"is",description)
print("You will find it under",animal[0],"in the dictionary")
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Data types
• String holds alphanumeric data as text
• Integer holds whole numbers
• Float holds numbers with a decimal point
• Boolean holds either ‘True’ or ‘False’
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Defining variable data types
• Python automatically assigns a data type to a
variable
• You can override this to manually define or change
the data type using:
• str() str(animal_name)
• int() int(goals_scored)
• float() float(share_price)
• This is called Casting
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Choosing data types
Data Example Data Type Code
Age 14 Integer int(age)
Shoe Size 6.5 Float
Price 14.99
Postcode
Height
Quantity in Stock
Telephone Number
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The importance of data types
• Create a variable called mynumber and allow the user
to input a value to assign to it
mynumber = input("Enter a number")
print (mynumber + mynumber)
• What do you think happens?
• Try it!
• Convert the data type: mynumber = int(mynumber)
• Where would you put this line?
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Assignment statements
Assignment statements assign a value to a variable. If
the variable doesn’t already exist, it’s created.
Examples:
name = "Jo" + " Smith"
number = 10
number = input("Enter a number")
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BIDMAS
• The order of arithmetic operations
matters.
• Brackets , Indices, Division and
Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction
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Arithmetic operators
Arithmetic Operator Example Output
Addition + 2 + 10 12
Subtraction - 9–6 3
Multiplication * 5*4 20
Division / 5/2 2.5
Floor Division // 7 // 2 3
Remainder % 7%3 1
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Sleep calculator
• Create a program to calculate how many hours per
week you sleep
• Try this code and find the problem!
hourspernight = input("How many hours per night
do you sleep? ")
hoursperweek = hourspernight * 7
print ("You sleep",hoursperweek,"hours per week")
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Sleep calculator
• Add to the problem to find the total number of hours
spent sleeping in a month
• Assume an average of 4.35 weeks per month
hourspernight = input("How many hours per night do you sleep? ")
hoursperweek = int(hourspernight) * 7
print ("You sleep",hoursperweek,"hours per week")
hourspermonth = float(hoursperweek) * 4.35
print ("You sleep",hourspermonth,"hours per month")
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Sleep calculator
• Now find the equivalent number of days per month
you sleep for!
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Rounding
• hourspermonth = 228.37499999999997
• round(hourspermonth) = 228
• round(hourspermonth,2) = 228.37
hourspernight = input("How many hours per night do you sleep? ")
hoursperweek = int(hourspernight) * 7
print ("You sleep",hoursperweek,"hours per week")
hourspermonth = float(hoursperweek) * 4.35
hourspermonth = round(hourspermonth)
print (“\nYou sleep",hourspermonth,"hours per month")
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Finishing off
• Display a title for your program when it first runs
• Calculate the number of days per year spent asleep
• Include the user’s name to make it more user
friendly
***** Hello! *****
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Calculating mobile phone costs
• Create code for an app to do the following:
• Accept the user’s name and mobile phone network
• Ask for the number of minutes they have used this month and
multiply that by 0.10 per minute
• Ask for the number of texts that they have sent in a month
and multiply that by 0.05 pence per text
• Display a total bill amount for the month
• Displays a new total including VAT of 20%
