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Dokumen - Tips - Project Scheduling Networks Duration Estimation and Critical Path 569534ee0f974

The document discusses project scheduling and critical path methods. It defines key terms related to network diagrams and describes methods for estimating activity durations and identifying the critical path to determine a project's completion date.

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ejabeso
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47 views15 pages

Dokumen - Tips - Project Scheduling Networks Duration Estimation and Critical Path 569534ee0f974

The document discusses project scheduling and critical path methods. It defines key terms related to network diagrams and describes methods for estimating activity durations and identifying the critical path to determine a project's completion date.

Uploaded by

ejabeso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project Scheduling: Networks,

Duration Estimation,
and Critical Path

Chapter 9

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Project Scheduling Terms
• Successors
• Predecessors
• Network diagram
• Serial activities
• Concurrent activities

A D E F

C
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Project Scheduling Terms
• Merge activities
• Burst activities
• Node
• Path
• Critical Path

A D E F

C
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Network Diagrams
Show Help
interdependence schedule
resources
Show
Facilitate start &
communication finish
dates
Determine project Identify
completion critical
activities
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AOA Vs. AON
The same mini-project is shown with activities on
arc…
D E
B F
C

…and activities on node.


D E
B F

C
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Node Labels

Early ID Early
Start Number Finish
Activity
Float Activity Descriptor
Late Activity Late
Start Duration Finish

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Duration Estimation Methods
• Past experience
• Expert opinion
• Mathematical derivation – Beta distribution
– Most likely (m)
2
– Most pessimistic (b) ba
– Most optimistic (a)
Activity Variance = s  
2

 6 

a  4m  b
Activity Duration = TE 
6
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1. Sketch the network described in the table.
2. Determine the expected duration and variance of each
activity.

Task Predecessor a b c
Z -- 7 8 15
Y Z 13 16 19
X Z 14 18 22
W Y, X 12 14 16
V W 1 4 13
T W 6 10 14
S T, V 11 14 19
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Constructing the Critical Path
• Forward pass – an additive move through the
network from start to finish

• Backward pass – a subtractive move through


the network from finish to start

• Critical path – the longest path from end to end


which determines the shortest project length

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Rules for Forward/Backward Pass
Forward Pass Rules (ES & EF)
– ES + Duration = EF
– EF of predecessor = ES of successor
– Largest preceding EF at a merge point becomes EF
for successor

Backward Pass Rules (LS & LF)


– LF – Duration = LS
– LS of successor = LF of predecessor
– Smallest succeeding LS at a burst point becomes LF
for predecessor
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Task Predecessor Time
1. Sketch the network
A -- 4 described in the table.
B A 9
C A 11 2. Determine the ES,
D B 5 LS, EF, LF, and slack
E B 3 of each activity
F C 7
G D, F 3
H E, G 2
K H 1

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Laddering Activities
Project ABC can be completed more efficiently if
subtasks are used
A(3) B(6) C(9) ABC=18 days

A1(1) A2(1) A3(1)

B1(2) B2(2) B3(2)


Laddered
ABC=12 days C1(3) C2(3) C3(3)
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Hammock Activities
Used as summaries for subsets of activities
0 A 5 5 B 15 C 18
15
0 5 5 15 3 18
5 10
15
0 Hammock 18
0 18 18
Useful with a complex
project or one that has
a shared budget
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Reducing the Critical Path
• Eliminate tasks on the CP
• Convert serial paths to parallel when possible
• Overlap sequential tasks
• Shorten the duration on critical path tasks
• Shorten
– early tasks
– longest tasks
– easiest tasks
– tasks that cost the least to speed up
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