Internal Combustion Engines

Internal combustion engine (IC)
IC Engine Is a heat engine that converts chemical energy

in a fuel into mechanical energy, usually made available
on a rotating output shaft.
Chemical energy of the fuel is first converted to thermal
energy by means of combustion or oxidation with air
inside the engine.
This thermal energy raises the temperature and pressure
of the gases within the engine, and the high-pressure gas
then expands against the mechanical mechanisms of the
engine.
This expansion is converted by the mechanical linkages of
the engine to a rotating crankshaft, which is the output of
the engine.
The crankshaft, in turn, is connected to a transmission
and/or power train to transmit the rotating mechanical
energy to the desired final use.
 The brief history of internal combustion engines.
 What is an internal combustion engine?
 Why do we need them in today’s world?
 What do we use them for?
 How do they work?
 A brief discussion on diesel engines.

 Many designs have been made over the last 4
centuries but only a few men were recognized as
inventors.
 The first person to invent a working internal
combustion engine automobile was Francois Isaac
de Rivaz of Switzerland in 1807. Mixing hydrogen
and oxygen for fuel.
 The first gasoline powered engine was built in 1864
by a man named Siegfried Marcus and was said to
be the forerunner to the modern automobile. It
reached speeds up to ten mph.
 In 1876 two of the greatest engines were invented.
The two and four stroke engine by Nikolaus
August Otto and Sir Dougald clerk. Starting the
rise of even better and more efficient machine.
 Spark plug  Crankshaft
 Piston  Cylinder
 Piston rings  Piston rod
 Intake valve  Exhaust valve

 The internal combustion of an engine is
considered to be the heart of the automobile.
 They are defined as any engine that uses an

explosive combustion of fuel and air to push a
piston within a cylinder. Forming the repeating
cycle known as the strokes.
 Intake, Compression, Power Stroke, and Exhaust

are the four actions of one stroke.
 The difference between the two cycle and four

cycle engine is the number of strokes it uses to
start the fuel reaction of internal combustion.
 Diesel engines unlike gasoline do not need spark

plugs to ignite the fuel. Instead it uses
compression but undergoes the same principle of
a stroke.
 INTAKE
 This starts at the
highest point known
as top dead center
and ends at bottom
dead center
 The intake stroke

allows the piston to
suck fuel and air into
the combustion
chamber through the
intake valve port.
 COMPRESSION
 Compression starts at
bottom dead center and
ends at top dead center.
 The second motion of the

stroke takes all the fuel
and air that was stored
and compresses it into
one tenth its original
sizes. Making the air/fuel
mixture increase in
temperature preparing it
for the next stage in its
combustion cycle.
 POWER STROKE
 The power stroke starts
as soon as the piston
reaches top dead center
allowing the spark plug
to ignite.
 This electric current

created by the spark
plug ignites the fuel and
air mixture sending the
piston back down the
cylinder with a pressure
reaching high as 600
PSI.
 EXHAUT
 The final stage of the
stroke releases all the
burned fuel through
the exhaust valve.
 As the piston moves

from bottom dead
center to top dead
center it takes all the
burned fuel and
pushes it out of the
cylinder, preparing it
for the next cycle of
strokes.
Drawing
Diesel engines work on the same principle
as the two and four stroke engines. They do
not need a spark plug to ignite the fuel.
During the intake stroke, air does not mixed
with the fuel in the cylinder. Instead as the
air reaches high enough compression Fuel
is then sprayed into the cylinder creating
ignition. This pushes the piston down the
cylinder at a pressure of 500 PSI, starting
the stroke all over again.
 Internal combustion engines have ultimately
revolutionized the way we live.
 With the small and light weight design of the two cycle
engine tasks like trimming the hedges and cutting down
weeds became easier and more efficient. With the power
of the four stroke we are now able to dig up dirt and cut
down trees with out even breaking a sweat. Internal
combustion engines have made life easier since the first
one was built in the early 1800’s .

Internal Combustion Engines

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Internal combustion engine (IC)

IC Engine Is a heat engine that converts chemical energy

 What is an internal combustion engine?

 Why do we need them in today’s world?

 What do we use them for?

 How do they work?

 A brief discussion on diesel engines.

 Piston rings  Piston rod

 Intake valve  Exhaust valve

 They are defined as any engine that uses an

 Intake, Compression, Power Stroke, and Exhaust

 The difference between the two cycle and four

 Diesel engines unlike gasoline do not need spark

 The intake stroke

 The second motion of the

 This electric current

 As the piston moves

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