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Contingency Approach 2

This document discusses several theories of leadership: (1) Fiedler's Contingency Model examines how a leader's style matches the degree of control in a situation; (2) Situational Leadership Theory proposes that the right leadership style depends on followers' readiness; (3) Path-Goal Theory holds that effective leaders clarify how to achieve goals; and (4) the Participation Model outlines different levels of involving followers in decisions based on contingencies. The theories emphasize that leadership style should adapt to situational and follower factors to be most effective.

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1K views21 pages

Contingency Approach 2

This document discusses several theories of leadership: (1) Fiedler's Contingency Model examines how a leader's style matches the degree of control in a situation; (2) Situational Leadership Theory proposes that the right leadership style depends on followers' readiness; (3) Path-Goal Theory holds that effective leaders clarify how to achieve goals; and (4) the Participation Model outlines different levels of involving followers in decisions based on contingencies. The theories emphasize that leadership style should adapt to situational and follower factors to be most effective.

Uploaded by

api-3836390
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WELCOME

what is leadership?
• “The ability to influence a group toward
the achievement of goals”
(Stephen P Robbins)
• “A social influence process in which the
leader seeks the voluntary participation of
subordinates in an effect to reach
organizational objectives”
(Schrieshen)
CONTENT
• THE FIDLER MODEL

• SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP TEORY

• PATH-GOAL THEORY

• PARTICIPATION MODEL

• SUMMARY
Fiddler Contingency model
“The theory that explains
effective groups depend
upon a proper match
between leader’s styles
of interaction an the
degree to which the
situation gives control an
influence to the leader”
LEADERSHIP STYLES
• Least-preferred co-worker (LPC)
questionnaire
– Determines leadership style by
measuring responses to 16 pairs of
contrasting adjectives.
»High score: a relationship-
oriented leadership style
»Low score: a task-oriented
leadership style
Identify the situation
Leader –member relation- Degree of
trust confidence and respect
members have in their leaders
Task structure- Degree to which job
tasks are procedurized,structured
and unstructured
Position power- the degree of
influence the leader has on the
power variables, like hiring, firing,
promotion, increment, disciplinary
action
Findings of the Fiedler Model
Situational leadership
theory
• Develop by paul Hersey and ken Blanchard

• Situational leadership is contingency


theory that focused on the followers

• Successful leadership is achieved by


selecting the right leadership style, which
Hersey and Blanchard argue is contingent
on the level of the followers readiness
HERSEY & BLANCHARD’S
SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP MODEL
DIRECTING
– Leader decides on course of action and announces it.
– High task, low relationship.

COACHING
– Leader decides on course of action and sells it.
– High task, high relationship.

SUPPORTING
– Leader involves followers in the decision making
process.
– High relationship, low task.

DELIGATING
– Leader allows followers to decide/implement.
– Low relationship, low task
Situational Leadership
Significance
• Hersey & Blanchard’s theory provides a useful
and understandable framework for situational
leadership.

• The model suggests that there is no one best


leadership style for all situations.

• Manager’s leadership style must be adaptable


and flexible to meet the changing needs of
employees and situation.
– Know your style.
– Match your style to follower maturity and
task situation.
Path-Goal Theory of
Leadership
• Develop by Robert House.

• “ the theory that explains a leader


behavior is acceptable to subordinates in
so far as they view it as a source of either
immediate or future satisfaction”

• Effective leaders clarify the “path” for


followers to attain “goals”
Types of leaders
• Directive leadership- characterized by a
leader who informs subordinates what is
expected of them and provides specific
guidance.

• Supportive Leadership- characterized by


a leader who is friendly and approachable
and shows concerns for the status, well-
being, and personal needs of the
subordinates.
• Participative leadership-characterized by
a leader who consults with subordinates
and asks for their suggestions before
making a decision.

• Achievement-oriented leadership-
characterized by a leader who sets
challenging goals, expected subordinates
to perform at best, and shows confidence
that subordinates will perform well
THE PARTICIPATION
MODEL
• Victor Vroom and Phillip Yetton developed
a leader participation model.

• This model related leadership behavior


participation in decision making

• This theory based on a sequential set of


rules for determining the form and amount
of follower participation in decision making
in a given situation.
Leader Participation Model
-seven Contingencies
– Decision significance
– Importance of commitment
– Leader expertise
– Likelihood of commitment
– Group support
– Group expertise
– Team competence
Leadership Styles in the
Participation Model
• Decide: Leader makes the decision alone
and either announces or sells it to group.
• Consult Individually: Leader presents the
problem to group members individually,
gets their suggestions, and then makes the
decision.
• Consult Group: Leader presents the
problem to group members in a meeting,
gets their suggestions, and then makes the
decision.
• Facilitate: Leader presents the problem to
the group in a meeting and, acting as
facilitator, defines the problem and the
boundaries within which a decision must be
made.

• Delegate: Leader permits the group to


make the decision within prescribed limits
Summary
• THE FIDLER MODEL

• SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP
TEORY

• PATH-GOAL THEORY

• PARTICIPATION MODEL
THANK YOU

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