RETURNING

MATERIALS FOR
STORAGE OR
DISPOSAL
 OVERVIEW
DAY 1
DISPOSAL OF FARM CHEMICALS
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

FIRST IN, FIRST OUT ROTATION MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

DAY 3
HIGH MOISTURE STORAGE FOR
MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
CROPS

TECHNIQUE IN STORING
CHEMICALS
WASTE MANAGEMENT

DAY 2
LABELING AND PACKAGING OF
AGRICULTURAL WASTE
CHEMICALS

STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF

QUIZZ
CHEMICALS
 3 Principle of
Storage

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
1. STORAGE 2. STORAGE

BIOLOGICAL
3. STORAGE
 >Allow maintenance and cleaning activities to occur as
needed.
 >Keep storage facilities well ventilated and dry.
 >Deter pest access and infestation.
 >Identify storage facilities properly.
 >Cover and/or protect products during storage, and
especially during cleaning,
(to prevent or minimize contamination by micro-
organisms, chemicals, foreign materials and pests.)

 >Avoid placing packaging material in direct contact
with the floor.
 >Store bagged or packaged dry products
(approximately 10-15 cm) off the floor and away from
surrounding walls. This helps to prevent or minimize
contamination, pest infestation, water damage, and
allows for better air circulation to maintain an even
temperature.
 Temperature &
Humidity Control
 Make sure the temperature and humidity of the
storage/processing areas, coolers and freezers are
appropriate for the product being stored to prevent or
minimize food spoilage.

Crops: For most produce, a temperature of 4°C is suitable

for storage. However, a number of products require a
specific storage temperature, ranging from -1°C to 21°C.
Temperature Control Systems must take into
account the following:

>Intended shelf-life of the product 

>Type of packaging being used for the product

>Appropriate maintenance schedule for ideal
temperature control 
>Monitor temperature regularly where
 First-In, First-Out (FIFO) Rotation
> Use the first-in, first-out principle to make
sure products are rotated through your facility
on a regular basis so that the oldest products
are used first.
> Use receiving documents to identify which
products are to be used first, or store products
in the order received.
 High Moisture Storage for Crops
Proper storage of grains is important, otherwise, it will lead to
spoilage. Appropriate conditions maintained during storage can prevent
the losses due to these.

> Some crops require a high moisture environment for storage. Ensure
that moisture controls are set at the appropriate level and do not
provide an environment that will cause unwarranted spoilage to occur.

> To prevent the accumulation of bacteria, clean and sanitize these

areas after use.
 Storage of Manure/Compost, Fruit & Vegetable
Culls
Locate storage and treatment sites (for example,
composting) as far away as practical from
livestock, poultry, fresh fruit and vegetable
handling areas and water sources. Separate them
from production and water locations with an
appropriate physical barrier designed to
minimize contamination due to run-off or
leachate.
 Technique in Storing Chemicals
Manufacturers, suppliers and users of farm chemicals
all have an important role to play. Chemical
substances pose different types of risks to people‘s
health, safety and the environment. For this reason,
there are different laws controlling them. The purpose
of these laws is to ensure that chemicals are used
safely and efficiently so that risks to human health, the
environment and damage to property are minimized
 Safe Management of Chemicals involves:

correct labeling and packaging.

provision of material safety data sheets (MSDS); and

safe transport, storage, use and disposal of substances

 Labeling and Packaging of Chemicals
Chemicals must be supplied in packages
that are correctly labeled and suitable for
the substance. Information provided on the
label will depend on the type of substance
and the risks associated with it. Items to
look for are:
1. Signal words such as “CAUTION: POISONOUS”or
“DANGER: POISONOUS”
used for scheduled poisons – a signal word alerts users
to the possibility of poisoning if the substance is
swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin
2. The Dangerous Goods diamond if there is
an immediate risk to health or safety e.g.
flammable liquids.
3. Risk phrases describing the type of
health effects e.g. irritating the skin,
and safety phrases stating precautions
for safe handling, storage, spills,
disposal and fire e.g. keep away from
combustible material
 Ensure that containers remain labeled
Farmers must ensure that the original labels
remain on containers of substances. If a substance
is poured into a second container such as a spray
tank then that container must be labeled with the
product name, corresponding risk and safety
phrases. These can generally be copied from the
parent container. Labeling is not necessary if a
substance is used immediately and its container is
thoroughly cleaned.
 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Material safety data sheets (MSDS) must be
produced by the manufacturer or importer of
hazardous substance. Farmers must obtain
the MSDS from their supplier and keep them
in a register where they are available to
people who could be exposed to the
hazardous substance.
 The MSDS is not just a
piece of paper. It provides
important and useful advice
about what is in the product,
its health effects, safe use and
handling, storage, disposal,
first aid and emergency
operation.
 Storage and Transport of Chemicals
Safe storage of farm chemicals is needed to protect them from
the elements, restrict access to them, prevent contamination of
the environment, food or livestock and ensure separation from
other incompatible chemicals. Arrangements must be in place to
contain any spillage of the chemical.
 Remember, you should never store oxidizing agents with fuels.
That is – never store substances labeled yellow diamond with a
red diamond. Safe transport of farm chemicals depends on what
the substance is, how much there is, where it is to be transported
and what else is to be transported with it. In general, small
quantities (less than 250 liters) can be transported on vehicle
provided that the container is properly secured and safe from
spillage.
 Disposal of Farm Chemicals
Empty farm chemical containers
and unwanted chemicals need to be disposed of
properly.
Prior to disposal of empty containers, wash the
container out three times and use the rinse water
to dilute further batches of the chemical to
working strength.
 AGRICULTURAL WASTE

Agricultural waste is composed of organic waste (animal

excreta in the form of slurries and farmyard manures,
spent mushroom compost, soiled water and silage
effluent).
It includes:
> Natural waste
> Animal waste
>Plant waste
 Waste
Management
 If wastes are not properly handled
they can pollute surface and
groundwater and contribute to air
pollution.
  Waste management helps to maintain
healthy environment for farm animals and
can reduce the need for commercial
fertilizers while providing other nutrients
needed for crop production.
  Waste management helps to maintain
healthy environment for farm animals and can
reduce the need for commercial fertilizers
while providing other nutrients needed for crop
production.
 The process--- reduce, recycle
and make it usable for different
purpose is waste management
 Management Processes 
Source 
Generation 
Collection 
Transportation 
Treatment process 
Disposal
 Generation:
 The major quantity of solid waste generated from
agricultural sources are sugarcane bagasse, paddy and wheat
straw and husk, waste of vegetables, food product, tea, oil
production, wooden mill waste, coconut husk, cotton stalk, etc.
 Collection:
 Waste like fruits and vegetable waste
collected from houses (domestic waste)
 Waste collected from road streets or side
 Collected waste like dry refuse and green waste, animal
dung from agricultural field
S T U B L E A N D S T R AW WA S T E G R E E N WA S T E

R O A D S I D E WA S T E A N I M A L WA S T E
 Transportation process:
Wastes collected from the side of roads and agricultural field are
transported to decomposed site and for further treatment by trucks,
trailers, carts.

Different types of waste are collected and then transported for further
treatment and the waste which is not used is directly disposed to the
sanitary land. 

Wastes are not burned in open air, so they are then transported for
incineration.
Treatment Process:
Various treatment processes performed on agricultural wastes are as
follows:

When dealing with agricultural waste, we must follow health and

safety regulations.

We should provide written instruction for storing and disposing of

each type of waste we produce. 

We must dispose of waste if we have determined that we cannot use

prevention, preparation for reuse, recycling or any other recovery
method.
A. Composting- is a method in which organic matter
present in agricultural waste is decomposed
aerobically/anaerobically through a biochemical
process and converted into humus.
 WHAT IS HUMUS?

Humus is dark, organic

material that forms in soil
when plant and animal
matter decays.
Three step operation in composting:

1. Preparation of agricultural waste

* shall be free of material that is not produced in agricultural field

* shall be reasonably free of dirt, soil and visible surface

* shall be arranged so that it will burn with a minimum of smoke

2. Decomposition

Waste is decomposed by three ways:

*NADEP system
NADEP method of composting recycles
agricultural crop residues to enhance soil fertility.
2. Decomposition
In this aerobic method of
composting, farmyard manure is
mixed with agricultural crop
residues and weeds, thereby
enhancing the quantity of
organic matter for soil
application several times.
2. Decomposition
* Vermiculture decomposition

Vermicompost (vermiculture) is the product

of the decomposition process using various
species of worms, usually red wigglers,
white worms, and other earthworms, to
create a mixture of decomposing vegetable
or food waste and bedding materials
2. Decomposition

* Anaerobically decomposition

In an anaerobic decomposing process, the materials are

encased in the anaerobic digesters and sealed from oxygen.
The organisms begin breaking down the materials into
sugars to make them accessible to other bacteria.
2. Decomposition

* Anaerobically decomposition
3. Product preparation and
marketing

B. Recycling
* Process to change waste into new product

* Prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce
energy usage

*Reduce air pollution from incineration and water pollution from land filling.

*Lower greenhouse gas emissions

*Key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
3. Product preparation and
marketing

C. Incineration
Incineration is a waste treatment process that
involves the combustion of organic substances
contained in waste materials. Incineration and other
high?temperature waste treatment systems are
described as "thermal treatment."
3. Product preparation and
marketing

C. Incineration

Incineration of waste
materials converts the waste
into ash, flue gas and heat.
 HOW DOES
INCINIRATION
WORKS?
Thank you
very much!
 QUIZ TIME!
RULES:

MINIMIZE YOUR
Answer it in a 1 VOICE
whole sheet of NO CHEATING BECAUSE IT
paper CAN DISTURB
THOSE WHO
ARE STILL
ANSWERING
THERE WILL BE 5 POINTS
DEDUCTION
FOR THOSE
WHO ARE CAUGHT
CHEATING!
(1~2)what is NADEP?

(3~4) NAME THE 3

2 PTS
AGRICULTURAL WASTE
(5~6) NAME THE 3 PRINCIPLE OF EACH
STORAGE
(7~8) WHAT ARE THE 3 STEP QUESTION
OPERATION IN COMPOSTING
(9~10) WHAT IS THE FULLFORM OF THE
ACRONYM (MSDS)
(11~13) 3PTS

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF

FIRST~IN, FIRST~OUT
ROTATION?
14. Which is NOT one of the principles
of storage?

A. water storage C. chemical storage

B. physical storage D. biological

storage
 15. THERE IS MANY WAYS OF
DECOMPOSING AGRICULTURAL WASTE,
WHICH ONE OF THEM USES WORM?
C. ANAEROBICALLY
A. NADEP system
DECOMPOSITION
B. VERMICULTURE
D. RECYCLING
DECOMPOSITION
 16. If the materials are encased in the anaerobic
digesters and sealed from oxygen, what kind of
decomposition is it?

C. ANAEROBICALLY
A. NADEP system
DECOMPOSITION
B. VERMICULTURE
D. RECYCLING
DECOMPOSITION
17) A TEMPERATURE OF 4 IS
SUITABLE FOR STORAGE

TRUE FALSE
18) INCINERATION IS A WASTE TREATMENT
PROCESS THAT INVOLVES THE COMBUSTION
OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN
WASTE MATERIALS.

TRUE FALSE
 19) LABELING IS NOT NECESSARY IF
A SUBSTANCE IS USED IMMEDIATELY
AND ITS CONTAINER IS THOROUGHLY
CLEANED.

TRUE FALSE
20) USE THE FIRST~IN. FIRST~OUT PRINCIPLE
TO MAKE SURE PRODUCTS ARE ROTATED
THROUGH YOUR FACILITY ON A REGULAR
BASIS SO THAT THE NEWEST PRODUCTS ARE
USED FIRST

TRUE FALSE
LET’S CHECK!
(1~2)what is NADEP?
2 PTS

A METHOD OF COMPOSTING
RECYCLES AGRICULTURAL CROP
RESIDUES
TO ENHANCE SOIL FERTILITY.
 (3~4) NAME THE 3
AGRICULTURAL WASTE
2 PTS

~NATURAL WASTE
~ANIMAL WASTE
~PLANT WASTE
 (5~6) NAME THE 3 PRINCIPLE OF
STORAGE
2 PTS

~PHYSICAL STORAGE
~CHEMICAL STORAGE
~BIOLOGICAL STORAGE
 (7~8) WHAT ARE THE 3 STEP
OPERATION IN COMPOSTING
2 PTS

~PREPARATION OF AGRICULTURAL
WASTE
~DECOMPOSITION
~RECYCLING
(9~10) WHAT IS THE FULLFORM
OF THE ACRONYM (MSDS)
2 PTS

~Material Safety Data Sheets

14. Which is NOT one of the principles
of storage?

A. water storage C. chemical storage

B. physical storage D. biological

storage
 15. THERE IS MANY WAYS OF
DECOMPOSING AGRICULTURAL WASTE,
WHICH ONE OF THEM USES WORM?
C. ANAEROBICALLY
A. NADEP system
DECOMPOSITION
B. VERMICULTURE
D. RECYCLING
DECOMPOSITION
 16. If the materials are encased in the anaerobic
digesters and sealed from oxygen, what kind of
decomposition is it?

C. ANAEROBICALLY
A. NADEP system
DECOMPOSITION
B. VERMICULTURE
D. RECYCLING
DECOMPOSITION
17) A TEMPERATURE OF 4 IS SUITABLE FOR STORAGE

TRUE FALSE
18) INCINERATION IS A WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS THAT INVOLVES
THE COMBUSTION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN WASTE
MATERIALS.

TRUE FALSE
 19) LABELING IS NOT NECESSARY IF A SUBSTANCE IS USED
IMMEDIATELY AND ITS CONTAINER IS THOROUGHLY CLEANED.

TRUE FALSE
20) USE THE FIRST~IN. FIRST~OUT PRINCIPLE TO MAKE SURE PRODUCTS
ARE ROTATED THROUGH YOUR FACILITY ON A REGULAR BASIS SO THAT
THE NEWEST PRODUCTS ARE USED FIRST

TRUE FALSE