Class 5

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Networking quiz

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Notes on networking

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Practical exercises

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Basic network troubleshooting
Start of Networking Quiz...
Wi-Fi is a -

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type of computer

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type of network cable

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set of popular technologies and standards for
wireless computer networking

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set of computer programs that help people
make money on the Internet
Wi-Fi is a -

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Wi-Fi is a set of popular technologies and
standards for wireless computer networking.
Which of these are forms of
Internet service?
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DSL

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Cable

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Dialup

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ISDN

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Satellite

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All of the above
Which of these are forms of
Internet service?
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DSL, cable, dialup, ISDN and satellite are all
forms of Internet service.
 A home network router -
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Makes home computers run faster

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Enables safe sharing of resources among
network devices in the home

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helps people build Web sites

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connects a computer to a television so that the
video can be shared
 A home network router -
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A home network router enables safe sharing
of resources among network devices in the home.
 An IP address is a numeric
quantity that identifies -

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A network adapter to other devices on the network

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The manufacturer of a computer

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The physical location of a computer

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None of the above
An IP address is a numeric
quantity that identifies -

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An IP address is a numeric quantity that
uniquely identifies a network adapter to
other devices on the network.
 An IP address
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An IP address is the logical address of a network
adapter.

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The IP address uniquely identifies computers on
a network.

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An IP address can be private, for use on a LAN,
or public, for use on the Internet or other WAN.

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IP addresses can be determined statically
(assigned to a computer by a system administrator)
or dynamically (assigned by another device on the
network on demand).
 A computer must have an
IP address when -

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connecting to a home network router

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connecting to a Wi-Fi hotspot

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communicating with another computer using TCP

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all of the above
 A computer must have an IP
address when -

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A computer must have an IP address when
connecting to a network router, a Wi-Fi hotspot,
or another computer via TCP.
A home computer network is
sometimes also called a -

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LAN

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MAN

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SAN

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WAN
 A home computer network is
sometimes also called a -
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A home computer network is a type of local area
network (LAN).
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A local area network (LAN) supplies networking
capability to a group of computers in close
proximity to each other such as in an office building,
a school, or a home.

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A LAN is useful for sharing resources like files,
printers, games or other applications. A LAN in
turn often connects to other LANs, and to the
Internet or other WAN.
You can make telephone
calls over the Internet
using a technology called -
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Intertel

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Telenet

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VoIP

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VoRP
You can make telephone
calls over the Internet
using a technology called -
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Voice over IP (VoIP) technology allows you to
make telephone calls over the Internet using
Internet Protocol (IP).
 Voice Over IP (VOIP)
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VoIP converts analog voice signals into digital
data packets and supports real-time, two-way
transmission of conversations using Internet
Protocol (IP).
The purpose of a firewall on
computer networks is to -
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prevent computers from overheating
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prevent unwanted network connections from
being made
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allow more than 4 computers to share the
same Internet connection
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allow pictures and video to be downloaded
from a camera to a computer
The purpose of a firewall on
computer networks is to -
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prevent computers from overheating
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prevent unwanted network connections from
being made
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allow more than 4 computers to share the
same Internet connection
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allow pictures and video to be downloaded
from a camera to a computer
 The purpose of a firewall on
computer networks is to -
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A network firewall prevents unwanted network
connections according to filtering / blocking
rules set up by the firewall administrator.

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A network firewall protects a computer network
from unauthorized access. Network firewalls may
be hardware devices, software programs,
or a combination of the two.
Limewire, Kazaa and Bearshare
are all examples of -
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brand names of networking hardware products
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Web sites that store MP3 music files
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wireless network communication protocols
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software applications for peer-to-peer
(P2P) file sharing
Limewire, Kazaa and Bearshare
are all examples of -
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Limewire, Kazaa and Bearshare are each popular
peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing software programs.

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A VPN utilizes public telecommunications networks
to conduct private data communications.

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Most VPN implementations use the Internet as the
public infrastructure and a variety of specialized
protocols to support private communications
through the Internet.
 You can establish a Virtual
Private Network (VPN)
connection -
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only when using wireless connections to the Internet
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only when using Ethernet connections to the Internet
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only when connected to the Internet
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none of the above
You can establish a Virtual
Private Network (VPN)
connection -
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You can establish a Virtual Private Network
(VPN) connection over any public network,
including (but not limited to) the Internet,
and over both wired and wireless links.
Bluetooth technology supports
networking over -

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Wi-Fi standard wireless radio connections
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its own standard wireless radio connections
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USB cable connections
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Ethernet cable connections
Bluetooth technology supports
networking over -

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Bluetooth is its own wireless radio standard,
distinct from Wi-Fi, for networking of computers,
cell phones, and other peripheral and consumer
devices.
End of networking quiz...Next
Some notes on networking...
A Simple Computer Network
for File Sharing
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In a simple network, two computers (or other
networkable devices) make a direct connection
with each and communicate over a wire or cable.

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Simple networks like this have existed for decades.

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A common use for these networks is file sharing.
A Simple Computer Network
for File Sharing
Local Area Network (LAN) with Print

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Local area networks often feature a group of
computers located in a home, school, or part of an
office building. Like a simple network, computers
on a LAN share files and printers.

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Computers on one LAN can also can share connections
with other LANs and with the Internet.
A Simple Computer Network
for File Sharing
A Hypothetical Wide Area Network

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Wide area networks cover a large geographic area like
a city, a country or multiple countries. WANs normally
connect multiple LANs and other smaller-scale area
networks.

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WANs are built by large telecommunication companies
and other corporations using highly-specialized
equipment not found in consumer stores.

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The Internet is an example of a WAN that joins local and
metropolitan area networks across most of the world.
A Hypothetical Wide Area Network
 Wiring in Computer Networks
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In many homes, twisted-pair Ethernet cables
are often used to connect computers.

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Phone or cable TV lines in turn connect the
home LAN to the Internet Service Provider (ISP).

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ISPs, larger schools and businesses often stack their
computer equipment in racks, and
they use a mix of different kinds of cable to join
this equipment to LANs and to the Internet.
Wiring in Computer Networks
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Much of the Internet uses high-speed fiber optic
cable to send traffic long distances underground,
but twisted pair and coaxial cable can also be
used for leased lines and in more remote areas.
Wiring in Computer Networks
Wireless Computer Networks
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Wi-Fi is the standard technology for building
wireless home networks and other LANs.

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Businesses and communities also use the same
Wi-Fi technology to set up public hotspots.

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Next, Bluetooth networks allow handhelds,
cell phones and other other peripheral devices
to communicate over short ranges. Finally,
cellular technology supports voice communications
over mobile phones.
Wireless Computer Networks
 Network Protocol
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A network protocol is like a "language" of rules
and conventions for communication between
network devices.

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A protocol includes formatting rules that specify
how data is packaged into messages.

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It also may include conventions like message
acknowledgement or data compression to support
reliable and/or high-performance network
communication.
TCP/IP

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet
Protocol (IP) are two distinct network protocols.

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TCP and IP are so commonly used together,
however, that TCP/IP has become standard
terminology to refer to either or both of the
protocols.
TCP/IP

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TCP/IP is the protocol suite that drives the
Internet.

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Specifically, TCP/IP handles network
communications between network nodes
(computers, or nodes, connected to the net).
More on the IP Address
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IP addresses or Internet Protocol addresses
are the way in which computers on a network
both communicate with each other and know
where they all are in relation to one another.

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An IP address is something like a mailing
Address for computers on the Internet. This
mailing address allows your email to arrive
at the right place and your Web page customers
to see the correct Web site.
IP Address
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Most IPv4 addresses are in the format:

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

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Each set is a number from 0 to 255.
So a typical IP address will look something like this:

63.141.53.0
 IP Address
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If your computer is on an isolated network
(meaning, it's not connected to the Internet),
it can be assigned any IP address you would
like as long as that number is unique on your network.

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But as soon as that computer is connected to the
Internet it needs to be given a registered IP address
(which is generally called an Internet address).
TCP/IP Administration
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Microsoft Windows XP provides a set of built-in
utilities for administering and troubleshooting
TCP/IP networks.

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Each of these utilities runs from the Windows
command prompt. From the Start menu, choose
Run and type 'cmd' to open a command window,
then type in the name of the utility to run.
 Ping
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'Ping' is the single most powerful troubleshooting
tool for networked computers.

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The ping tool can at different times verify that TCP/IP
is installed correctly on a computer, that a computer
has joined the network successfully, that a computer
can reach the Internet, that a remote Web site or
computer is responding, and that computer name
resolution is working.
 IPConfig
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The 'ipconfig' tool shows a computer's
TCP/IP configuration.

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It displays the IP address, the network (subnet)
mask and the Internet/network gateway address
(if one is set for that network).

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Use this tool to verify that the TCP/IP configuration
has been set up correctly.
Hostname
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The 'hostname' utility in Windows XP displays
the computer's name.

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This tool is often used on a computer to verify
its name when attempts to map network drives
on that computer fail.
 Tracert
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'Tracert" (pronounced "traceroute") sends a test
network message from a computer to a designated
remote host and tracks the path taken by that message.

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Specifically, 'tracert' displays the name or IP address
of each intermediate router or other network gateway
device the message passes through to reach its
destination.

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'Tracert' is especially useful when diagnosing
connectivity problems on the Internet or within a school
or corporate network.
 Nslookup
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The nslookup command can be used in Windows
to find the IP addresses of a particular computer,
using DNS lookup. The name means "name server
lookup".

c:\>nslookup www.wikipedia.org
Server: ns0.southern.edu
Address: 216.229.224.4
Basic Network Troubleshooting

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If a computer is unable to connect to a network or see other
computers on a network, it may be necessary to troubleshoot the
network. A network may not work because of any of the below
reasons.

− Network card not connected properly.

− Bad network card drivers or software settings.
− Firewall preventing computers from seeing each other.
− Connection related issues.
− Bad network hardware.
Basic Network Troubleshooting...

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Because of the large variety of network configurations, operating
systems, setup, etc... not all of the below information may apply
to your network or operating system.

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Verify Connections / LEDs
− Verify that the network cable is properly connected to the
back of the computer. In addition, when checking the
connection of the network cable, ensure that the LEDs on the
network are properly illuminated.

− For example, a network card with a solid green LED or light

usually indicates that the card is either connected or receiving
a signal. Note: generally, when the green light is flashing, this
is an indication of data being sent or received.
Basic Network Troubleshooting...

− If, however, the card does not have any lights or has orange or
red lights, it is possible that either the card is bad, the card is
not connected properly, or that the card is not receiving a
signal from the network.

− If you are on a small or local network and have the capability

of checking a hub or switch, verify that the cables are
properly connected and that the hub or switch has power.
Basic Network Troubleshooting...
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Adapter Functionality
− Verify that the network card is capable of pinging or seeing
itself by using the ping command. Windows / MS-DOS users
ping the computer from a MS-DOS prompt.

− To ping the card or the localhost, type either

ping 127.0.0.1
or
ping localhost

− This should show a listing of replies from the network card. If

you receive an error or if the transmission failed, it is likely
that either the network card is not physically installed into the
computer correctly, or that the card is bad.