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Pointers Part 2

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13 views10 pages

Pointers Part 2

Uploaded by

kasaranenikarthikeya4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSE101-Lec 20

Pointer arithmetic and expressions


Pointer and One dimensional array(or Pointer to 1D array)
Pointer arithmetic
• A limited set of arithmetic operations can be performed on pointers. A
pointer may be:
incremented ( ++ ), e.g. ptr++, ++ptr
decremented (-- ), e.g. ptr--, --ptr
an integer may be added to a pointer ( + or += ), e.g. ptr+2, ptr=ptr+2
an integer may be subtracted from a pointer ( – or -= ), e.g. ptr-2, ptr=ptr-2
We can subtract two pointers, if they are pointing towards same array
We can compare two pointers, if they are pointing towards same array
• Following set of operations are not applicable on pointers
• We cannot add two pointers(addresses)
• We cannot multiply, divide and modulo two pointers(addresses)
• We cannot multiply, divide, modulo any constant from pointer(address)
Pointer arithmetic-Example
#include<stdio.h> //Comparing two pointers
int main() while(p1<=p2)
{ {
int arr[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; printf("\n%d",*p1);//Comparison of
int *p1,*p2; two pointers (Pointers pointing to the same array)
p1=arr; p1++;
p1++;// p1 will point towards next memory }
location
//Following are the invalid arithmetic
printf("\n%d",*p1);//2 will be displayed operations(Not allowed on pointers)
p1--;//p1 will point towards previous memory //printf("\n%d",p1+p2);//Invalid arithmetic
location
//printf("\n%d",p1/p2);//Invalid arithmetic
printf("\n%d",*p1);// 1 will be displayed
//printf("\n%d",p1*p2);//Invalid arithmetic
p1=p1+2;// Adding a constant to pointer(p1
will point towards 3rd element) //printf("\n%d",p1%p2);//Invalid arithmetic
printf("\n%d",*p1);// 3 will be displayed //printf("\n%d",p1*2);//Invalid arithmetic
p1=p1-2;//Subtracting a constant from a //printf("\n%d",p1/2);//Invalid arithmetic
pointer(P1 will point towards first element) //printf("\n%d",p1%2);//Invalid arithmetic
printf("\n%d",*p1);// 1 will be displayed return 0;
p2=&arr[4]; }
printf("\n%d",p2-p1);//Subtracting two
pointers(Returns 4(no. of elements b/w+1)(Pointers
pointing to the same array)
Pointer expressions
• We can perform rich set of operations like: arithmetic, relational,
assignment, conditional, unary, bitwise on pointer variables
• Examples:
*ptr1 + *ptr2
*ptr1 * *ptr2
*ptr1 + *ptr2 - *ptr3
*ptr1 > *ptr2
*ptr1 < *ptr2
*a=10
*b+=20
*z=3.5
*s=4.56743
c = (*ptr1 > *ptr2) ? *ptr1 : *ptr2;
(*ptr1)++
(*ptr1)--
*ptr1 & *ptr2
*ptr1 | *ptr2
*ptr1 ^ *ptr2
All these are the valid pointer expressions, and here we are working on
values(not on addresses)
Pointer to an array(1D)

• A pointer can point towards an array using following notation:


Consider:
int a[]={1,2,3,4,5};
int *p=a; // pointer p starts pointing towards first element of array
Or
int *p=&a[0];
Now we can access elements of given array via pointer, such as:
int i;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf(“\n%d”,*(p+i));
}
The Relationship Between Pointers and Arrays

• Arrays and pointers closely related


• Array name is like a constant pointer
• Pointers can do array subscripting operations
• Define an array b[5] and a pointer bPtr
• To set bPtr to point to b[5]:
bPtr = b;
• The array name (b) is actually the address of first element of the
array b[5] which is equivalent to
bPtr = &b[0]
• Explicitly assigns bPtr to address of first element of b
The Relationship Between Pointers and Arrays

• Element b[3]
• Can be accessed by *(bPtr + 3)
• Where 3 is the offset. Called pointer/offset notation
• Can be accessed by bptr[3]
• Called pointer/subscript notation
• bPtr[3] same as b[3]
• Can be accessed by performing pointer arithmetic on the array
itself
*(b + 3)
• Array name itself is an address or pointer. It points to the first
element(0th element) of array.
• The arrays are accessed by pointers in same way as we access arrays
using array name.
• Consider an array b[5] and a pointer bPtr:
• bPtr[3] is same as b[3]
Example-Different notations with pointer to an array
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[]={1,2,3,4,5};
int *p=a;
// Different notations with pointer to an array for displaying second element
// Same terminology can be used to display any element
// All will display 2 on screen
printf("\n%d",*(p+1));
printf("\n%d",*(a+1));
printf("\n%d",p[1]);
printf("\n%d",1[p]);
printf("\n%d",1[a]);
return 0;
}
Pointer to an array with pointer arithmetic
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[]={1,2,3,4,5};
int i;
int *p;
p=arr;
printf("\n First value is:%d",*p);
p=p+1;
printf("\n Second value is:%d",*p);
*p=45;
p=p+2;
*p=-2;
printf("\n Modified array is:");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf("\n%d",arr[i]);//We can also write i[arr]
}
p=arr;
*(p+1)=0;
*(p-1)=1;
printf("\n Modified array is:");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf("\n%d",*(p+i));//We can also write *(i+arr)
}
return 0;
}

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