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    Powering A Ship

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    kavyeshn
    The document discusses the basic principles of ship propulsion, including definitions of ship types and resistance. It describes the sources of a ship's resistance as frictional, residual, and air resistance. It also addresses how resistance increases over time due to factors like hull fouling.

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    Powering A Ship

    Uploaded by

    kavyeshn
    10 views19 pages
    The document discusses the basic principles of ship propulsion, including definitions of ship types and resistance. It describes the sources of a ship's resistance as frictional, residual, and air resistance. It also addresses how resistance increases over time due to factors like hull fouling.

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    Powering a ship

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    The document discusses the basic principles of ship propulsion, including definitions of ship types and resistance. It describes the sources of a ship's resistance as frictional, residual, and air resistance. It also addresses how resistance increases over time due to factors like hull fouling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views19 pages

    Powering A Ship

    Uploaded by

    kavyeshn
    The document discusses the basic principles of ship propulsion, including definitions of ship types and resistance. It describes the sources of a ship's resistance as frictional, residual, and air resistance. It also addresses how resistance increases over time due to factors like hull fouling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Basic Principles of Ship Propulsion

     Ship Definitions and Hull Resistance

     Ship types
    A Ship’s Load lines
    A ship’s resistance

    • To move a ship, it is first necessary to overcome resistance,


    i.e. the force working against its propulsion. The calculation of
    this resistance R plays a significant role in the selection of the
    correct propeller and in the subsequent choice of main engine.

    • A ship’s resistance is particularly influenced by its speed,


    displacement, and hull form. The total resistance RT,
    consists of many source-resistances R

    which can be divided into three main groups, viz.:


    1) Frictional resistance
    2) Residual resistance
    3) Air resistance
    Frictional resistance + Residual resistance ∞ Wetted Surface area

    Frictional resistance R
    The frictional resistance RF of the hull depends on the size of the
    hull’s wetted area AS, and on the specific frictional resistance
    coefficient CF.
    Frictional resistance represents a considerable part of the
    ship’s resistance, often some 70-90% of the ship’s total
    resistance for low-speed ships (bulk carriers and tankers),
    and sometimes less than 40% for high-speed ships (cruise
    liners and passenger ships), Ref. [1]. The frictional resistance
    is found as follows:
    RF = CF × K
    Residual resistance RR
    Residual resistance RR comprises wave resistance and eddy
    resistance. Wave resistance refers to the energy loss caused by
    waves created by the vessel during its propulsion through the
    water, while eddy resistance refers to the loss caused by flow
    separation which creates eddies, particularly at the aft end of the
    ship.
    Wave resistance at low speeds is proportional to the square of the
    speed, but increases much faster at higher speeds. In principle, this
    means that a speed barrier is imposed, so that a further increase of
    the ship’s propulsion power will not result in a higher speed as all
    the power will be converted into wave energy. The residual
    resistance normally represents 8-25% of the total resistance for
    low-speed ships, and up to 40-60% for high-speed ships,
    Air resistance ∞ exposed area of the ship

    Air resistance RA
    In calm weather, air resistance is, in principle, proportional to
    the square of the ship’s speed, and proportional to the cross-
    sectional area of the ship above the waterline. Air resistance
    normally represents about 2% of the total resistance.
    Increase of ship resistance in service

     During the operation of the ship, the paint film on the hull
    will break down. Erosion will start, and marine plants and
    barnacles, etc. will grow on the surface of the hull.
     Bad weather, perhaps in connection with an inappropriate
    distribution of the cargo, can be a reason for buckled bottom
    plates.
     The hull has been fouled and will no longer have a
    “technically smooth” surface, which means that the frictional
    resistance will be greater.
     It must also be considered that the propeller surface can
    become rough and fouled. The total resistance, caused by
    fouling, may increase by 25-50% throughout the lifetime of a
    ship.
    Resistance will also
    increase because of sea,
    wind and current, as shown
    in Table 4 for different
    main routes of ships. The
    resistance when navigating
    in head-on sea could, in
    general, increase by as
    much as 50-100% of the
    total ship resistance in
    calm weather.
    Constant mep – Linear
    Propulsion and engine running points

    • Propeller design point PD

    • Fouled hull

    • Heavy weather and sea margin used for


    layout of engine
    • Continuous service propulsion point SP
    • Continuous service rating S

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