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    Introduction

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    Ibrahim Malik

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    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Ibrahim Malik
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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views21 pages

    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Ibrahim Malik

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Materials and Manufacturing l

    Dr Faraz Fazal
    Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

    CLO 1: To identify various engineering materials,


    their crystal structures, properties and
    applications.

    CLO 2: To identify correct sequence of operation


    for a given manufacturing processes and/or
    product.
    Introduction to
    engineering materials
    Materials science and engineering
    Processing Structure Properties Performance

    1. Mechanical
    2. Electrical
    3. Thermal
    4. Magnetic
    5. Optical
    6. Chemical

    Figure 1: The four components of discipline of materials science and


    engineering.
    Crystal structure of diamond Crystal structure of graphite
    Engineering Materials - Applications

    Figure 2: The carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) parts of Dreamliner Boeing
    787.
    Engineering Materials - Applications

    Figure 3: A turbofan jet engine.


    Engineering Materials - Applications

    Figure 4: Materials used in a typical jet engine.


    Engineering Materials - Applications

    Figure 5: SpaceX starship with stainless steel structure and insulative heat shield.
    Engineering Materials - Applications

    Figure 6: Formula 1 racing cars are made mostly using carbon fibre composite
    materials.
    Activity: Look around and try to
    think why specific material is
    selected for a given product/part.
    Classification of Engineering Materials
    Metals
    • Materials in this group are composed of one or more metallic elements
    such as iron, aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, etc.
    • Atoms are arranged in a very orderly manner, and are relatively dense.
    • These materials are stiff, ductile, and resistant to fracture.
    • They are good conductors of heat and electricity, because of the
    presence of free electrons.
    Polymers
    • Polymers include plastics and rubber materials.
    • Mostly they are organic compounds, containing long chains of carbon.
    • Polyethylene (PE), Polyvinylchloride (PVC), Polycarbonate (PC),
    Polystyrene (PS) and silicone rubber.
    • These materials have low densities, low stiffness and strength, and
    highly ductile.
    Ceramics
    • Ceramics are compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements,
    mostly oxides, carbides and nitrides.
    • Examples are alumina, silica, silicon carbide and nitride. Cement and
    glass are traditional ceramics.
    • They are very stiff and strong but lack ductility.
    • They are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and are resistant to
    high temperatures and harsh environments.
    Composites
    • A composite is a material composed of two or more individual
    materials, which come from the categories, discussed above.
    • The goal is to achieve a combination of properties that is not displayed
    by any single material.
    • Fiberglass is a common composite material, in which small glass fibers
    are embedded within a polymer (epoxy or polyester).
    • Glass fibers are strong and stiff but brittle, whereas polymer is weak,
    flexible and ductile.
    • Thus the resulting composite material is stiff, strong, flexible, and
    ductile.
    • Fiberglass is also termed as “GFRP, Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer”.
    Properties of Engineering Materials
    Comparison of Density Values
    Properties of Engineering Materials
    Comparison of Stiffness Values
    Properties of Engineering Materials
    Comparison of Tensile strength Values
    Properties of Engineering Materials
    Comparison of Fracture Toughness Values
    Advanced Materials
    • Piezoelectric materials
    • Shape memory alloys
    • Magnetostrictive materials
    • Electrorheological/magnetorheological fluids
    • Nanoengineered materials
    • Biomaterials

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