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Learning Perception

The document discusses perceptual learning and the principles, domains, characteristics, and factors that influence learning. Perceptual learning improves sensory response through experience and practice interacting with the environment. It occurs at behavioral and physiological levels. The three domains of learning are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Characteristics include learning being unitary, individual/social, self-active, purposive, creative, transferable, organizing experience, and growth. Factors influencing learning include physiological, psychological, environmental, and instructional methodology factors.

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Saran Godcil
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34 views20 pages

Learning Perception

The document discusses perceptual learning and the principles, domains, characteristics, and factors that influence learning. Perceptual learning improves sensory response through experience and practice interacting with the environment. It occurs at behavioral and physiological levels. The three domains of learning are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Characteristics include learning being unitary, individual/social, self-active, purposive, creative, transferable, organizing experience, and growth. Factors influencing learning include physiological, psychological, environmental, and instructional methodology factors.

Uploaded by

Saran Godcil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning Perception

• Perceptual learning, process by which the ability of sensory systems


to respond to stimuli is improved through experience.
Perceptual learning occurs through sensory interaction with
the environment as well as through practice in performing specific
sensory tasks. The changes that take place in sensory and perceptual
systems as a result of perceptual learning occur at the levels of
behavior and physiology.
• Examples of perceptual learning include developing an ability to
distinguish between different odours or musical pitches and an ability
to discriminate between different shades of colours.
• PRINICIPLES OF LEARNING:
▪ Relevance – learners learn faster when they see how this experience will relate to his
present or later life
▪ Physical surroundings - Learning takes place best, when there are no distractions –
Lighting, ventilation temperature & seating arrangement
▪ Social relationships- learning is affected by social relationships between people involved
▪ Clarity - for learning to take place, the message should be clear & presented in as
structured way
▪ Motivation- creates interest & in turn makes learning effective
▪ Reward/ reinforcement- A reward, praise, or a pat on the back, or recognition given by
the teacher has positive effect on learning
▪ Feedback-Given immediately, states standards of performance, and guides improvement
▪ Activity- involves students actively to process information, solve problems, or practice
skills
▪ Individualization- allows students to work at different rates & in different ways.
• DOMAINS OF LEARNING:
Learning does not take place in an aspect. It is identified that learning
mainly occurs in three areas: Intellectual, emotional & motor aspects ,
also called cognitive, affective & psychomotor domains of learning
 COGNITIVE DOAMIN: This domain includes intellectual skills
such as thinking, knowing and understanding. It is generally provided
starting from a simple to a complex manner Strategies used to achieve
this domain of learning: lectures, discussions, seminars, panel
discussions, conferences, etc. SUBLEVELS that are expected to be
achieved by a learner, i.e. Knowledge, comprehension, application,
analysis synthesis & evaluation. Generally evaluated by formal written
examinations such as essaytype or objective written examinations
• AFFECTIVE DOMAIN: This domain includes feelings, emotions,
interests, attitudes & appreciations. This domain of learning has
further sublevels that are expected to be achieved by a learner ie.,
Receiving, responding, valuing, conceptualizing, organizing &
characterizing. Teaching strategies: simulations, role plays,
discussions, etc.,
• PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN: This domain involves learning motor
skills that require the acquisition of combined psychological &
masculine ability to perform a task. Eg. Taking blood pressure,
performing head-to-toe assessment. This domain of learning has
further sublevels that are expected to be achieved by a learner, ie.
impulsion, imitaion, manipulation, coordination & habit formation.
Teaching strategies: demonstrations, laboratory practice, skill practice
on stimulators, clinical practice, case studies, clinical conferences, etc.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING:

1) Learning is Unitary
➢ The learner responds as whole person in a unified way to the whole
situation or total pattern
➢ He/she responds intellectually, emotionally, physically and
spiritually and these occur simultaneously.
➢ He/she reacts to the whole learning situation rather than to any single
stimulus.
➢ Learning includes complex intellectual & emotional learning
2) Learning is individual & social
➢ Learning is in a sense an entirely individual matter.
➢ Each must learn his/her own activity.
➢ Each person has to do his own leaning, irrespective of the individual
differences , their capacities & level of intelligence.
➢ Learning is social because it takes place as some types of response
to the social environment of the individual.
3) Learning is Self-active
➢ Self- activity as the basic principle of learning is universal in its application
➢ An individual can learn only through his/her own reactions to situations
➢ Learning is a personal process, each person must develop his/her own
habits of learning
➢ Learning is a passage from potentiality to actuality, brought about in man
by his own activity
➢ It is a process of self- activity, self-direction and self-realization of man’s
highest potentialities.
➢ Extrinsic agents- teachers, textbook and whole range of social tradition are
merely the conditions of its development.
➢ Butler says, Everything about learning is not known but the law that pupils
learn by self-activity will be everlasting
• 4) Learning is purposive
➢ Learning is not only active but active in specific direction.
➢ It should be in defectiveness or trend toward a goal.
➢ Goals are determined directly by motives and indirectly by
incentives.
➢ Motives are conditions, physical, and psychological within the
person that disposes him/her to act in certain ways.
➢ The greater the acceptance of the goal by the learner ,the more
meaningful & effective the learning will be.
• 5) Learning is creative
➢ Human learning is both selective and creative
➢ Acquiring the material of knowledge is aided by the assistance of
others
➢ It is a process of personal choice-making
➢ It is an activity in which the learner learns through his/her own
experience and out of his/her motivations.
6) Learning is transferable
➢ Transfer means whatever learn in one context or situation will apply or affect
another situation or context
➢ True learning transfers, but the amount varies
➢ Influence and the permanency of learning depends upon:
➢ The intellectual ability and the background experience of the learner, the
explicitness and definiteness of the goals , the relationship between the activities of
the learner and the goals.
7) Learning is organizing experience
➢ The process of learning is not mere acquisition of facts and skills through drill
and repetition
➢ It involves organization and evaluation of materials
➢ The learner reorganizes his/her experience and behavior
➢ He/she endows the learning materials with several meaning and interpretation.
• 8) Learning is growth
➢ The most important characteristics of human being is their capacity
to learn.
➢ The personality of an individual which encompasses habits, skills,
knowledge, attitudes, interests and character is result of learning.
➢ All theorists agree that learning is a process of modification.
➢ It implies cumulative improvement which is arrived as a result of
various changes which takes place while learning is in process,
Factors Influencing Learning /Education

• The following points highlight the four main factors influencing


learning. The factors are:
1. Physiological Factors
2. Psychological Factors
3. Environmental Factors
4. Methodology of Instructions.
1. Physiological Factors:
• The physiological factors are sense perception, physical health, fatigue
time and day of learning, food and drink, age and atmospheric
conditions.
2. Psychological Factors:
• Mental Health, Motivation and Interest,Rewards and Punishment.
3. Environmental Factors:
• Working conditions, Organisational set-up:
4.Methodology of Instructions:
• Presentation and Organization of Material, Learning by Doing,
Special Methods of Learning,Timely Testing

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