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Motion Control

Motion control deals with moving machine parts in a controlled manner for applications like production lines. Feedback devices like encoders determine position and velocity. Actuators like electric motors convert energy to motion. Servo motors use feedback to precisely control position, velocity, and torque through a closed loop system including a controller and power amplifier.

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16 views7 pages

Motion Control

Motion control deals with moving machine parts in a controlled manner for applications like production lines. Feedback devices like encoders determine position and velocity. Actuators like electric motors convert energy to motion. Servo motors use feedback to precisely control position, velocity, and torque through a closed loop system including a controller and power amplifier.

Uploaded by

la.wajeehakhurshid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Motion control

MOTION CONTROL
• motion control can be defined as a sub-field of automation that deals with
moving individual parts of a machine in a controlled manner. This is
especially helpful in applications such as production lines, where power,
efficiency, and accuracy of movement are of vital importance.
• As automation was introduced, the scale was replaced with a feedback
device; the human muscle was replaced with an actuator (motor); and the
brain was replaced with electronics (controller)
• Saving time is a major benefit of motion control.
FEED-BACK DEVICE
• he feedback device can be considered the eyes of the system. It
determines the velocity and the position of the axis in a motion system.
Motion control systems use many different types of feedback devices.
Resolvers
Encoders
ENCODER
• An Encoder is a device that is used in many industries to provide
feedback.
• In the most basic terms, an encoder, regardless of the type, senses
Position
direction
speed
counts.
ACTUATORS
• An actuator is a device that makes something move or operate.
• actuator receives a source of energy and uses it to move something. In other
words, an actuator converts a source of energy into a physical mechanical motion.
• There are 3 sources of energy used by an actuator to produce the physical-
mechanical motion.
– Pneumatic actuators are operated by compressed air.
– Hydraulic actuators use a variety of liquids as a source of energy.
– Electric actuators use some form of electric energy to operate.
SERVO
• Servo motors are part of a closed-loop system and are comprised of several parts namely a
control circuit, servo motor, shaft, potentiometer, drive gears, amplifier and either an encoder or
resolver.
• A servo motor is electrical device, that rotate parts of a machine with high efficiency and with
great precision.
• The output shaft of this motor can be moved to a particular angle, position and velocity that a
regular motor does not have.
• The Servo Motor utilizes a regular motor and couples it with a sensor for positional feedback.
• The controller is the most important part of the Servo Motor designed and used specifically for
this purpose.
COMPONENTS OF SERVO SYSTEM
• Servo Motor: The heart of the servo system is the servo motor, which converts electrical signals
into mechanical motion. These motors are designed to provide precise movements with high torque
and speed capabilities.
• Feedback Device: A sensor, usually an encoder or resolver, provides feedback on the motor's
actual position or velocity. This feedback is crucial for closed-loop control and ensuring accurate
motion.
• Controller: The controller processes the feedback information and generates control signals to
adjust the motor's behavior. Modern servo systems often use digital signal processors (DSPs) or
specialized control algorithms to achieve optimal performance.
• Power Amplifier: The power amplifier amplifies the control signals from the controller to deliver
the necessary power to the servo motor, enabling it to perform the required motion tasks.

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