NATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT

TEST REVIEWER IN EARTH

AND LIFE SCIENCE
SY 2022-2023
1.Which refers to the only
planet in the solar system that
gave rise to complex life?
A.Earth
B.Mars
C.Mercury
D.Venus
Earth, our home planet, is a
world unlike any other. The
third planet from the sun,
Earth is the only place in the
known universe confirmed
to host life.
2. Major human activities cause great destructions on
Earth’s subsystems. Since energy and matter is cycled
within the spheres and being part of the system, these
harmful activities bring forth destruction to us in a
boomerang effect. One example of this is the Global
warming. As a student, what recommendation can you
give to solve this problem?
A.Report the violators to the United Nations.
B.Just ignore and continue your daily routines.
C.Be active in advocating change by rallying outside
government hall.
D. Start the change from yourself by not contributing
pollution to the environment.
3.Which of the following inference can
be made about the two minerals?
A.Olivine can scratch hematite.
B.Hematite can scratch olivine.
C.The two minerals can scratch each
other.
D.Neither of the two could scratch the
other.
Hematite is one of the most abundant minerals
on Earth's surface and in the shallow crust. It is
an iron oxide with a chemical composition of
Fe2O3. It is a common rock-forming mineral
found in sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous
rocks at locations throughout the world.

Olivine is one of the most common minerals

within the earth, and is a prime rock forming
mineral. Despite this, desirable specimens and
huge crystals are unusual and fashionable. Only
few localities yield large examples of this
mineral, even though small and microscopic
grains are determined worldwide. It is likewise
determined in meteorites, and massive grains
were suggested in many of them.
4. Which chemical groups do these
two minerals belong?
A.Olivine = oxide; hematite = sulfate
B.Olivine = silicate; hematite = oxide
C.Olivine = sulfate; hematite = oxide
D.Olivine = oxide; hematite = silicate
5.Which of these areas do
most sedimentary rocks
usually form?
A.Volcanoes
B.Mountains
C.Plain lands
D.Bodies of water
Igneous rocks are formed from
melted rock deep inside the
Earth. Sedimentary rocks are
formed from layers of sand, silt,
dead plants, and animal
skeletons. Metamorphic rocks
formed from other rocks that are
changed by heat and pressure
underground.
6. Which of the following correctly
describes physical weathering?
A.Rust changes the color of the rock.
B. A carabao steps on and crushes a
limestone.
C. A year of acid rain deforms a rock
monument.
D. Running water transports rock to
other places.
Sometimes called mechanical weathering,
physical weathering is the process that breaks
rocks apart without changing their chemical
composition.
7. Which of the following terms
refers to the thickest layer, made
mostly of iron, magnesium, and
silicon, that is dense, hot, and
semi-solid?
A.Core
B.Crust
C.Lithosphere
D.Mantle
The crust
This is the outside layer of the earth and is
made of solid rock, mostly basalt and granite.
There are two types of crust; oceanic and
continental. Oceanic crust is denser and
thinner and mainly com​posed of basalt.
Continental crust is less dense, thicker, and
mainly composed of granite.
The mantle
The mantle lies below the crust and is up to
2900 km thick. It consists of hot, dense, iron
and magnesium-rich solid rock. The crust and
the upper part of the mantle make up the
lithosphere, which is broken into plates, both
large and small.
The core
The core is the centre of the earth and is
made up of two parts: the liquid outer core
and solid inner core. The outer core is made
of nickel, iron and molten rock. Temperatures
here can reach up to 50,000 C.
8. Which of the following statements correctly describes inner core
and outer core?
A.The inner core is extremely dense which made up of solid iron
and is intensely hot, while the outer core is the thickest layer,
made mostly of magnesium and silicon.
B.The inner core is the thickest layer, made mostly of magnesium
and silicon,
while the outer core is made from iron and nickel in liquid form,
heated largely by radioactive decay.
C.The inner core is extremely dense which made up of solid iron
and is intensely hot, while the outer core is made from iron and
nickel in liquid form, heated largely by radioactive decay.
D.The inner core is made from iron and nickel in liquid form,
heated largely
by radioactive decay, while the outer core is extremely dense
which made up of solid iron and is intensely hot.
 Typical Typical
Granitic Basaltic
Magma Magma
70% silica- 50% silica-
felsic mafic
10-15% water 1-2%water

Intrusive Extrusive
9.When the magma is formed, it rises toward the Earth’s surface.
But not all magma behaves in the same way, just like granitic
and basaltic magma. Based on the table, which of the following
statements correctly differentiate granitic and basaltic magma?
A.Granitic magma is composed of 70% silica and 10-15%
water, while basaltic magma is composed of 50% silica and 1-
2% water.
B.Granitic magma is composed of 50% silica and 10-15%
water, while basaltic magma is composed of 70% silica and 1-
2% water.
C.Granitic magma is composed of 70% silica and 1-2% water,
while basaltic magma is composed of 50% silica and 10-15%
water.
D.Granitic magma is composed of 50% silica and 10-15%
water, while basaltic magma is composed of 70% silica and
10-15% water.
10. Which from the following statements below correctly conclude the
movement of both basaltic and granitic magma toward the Earth’s
surface?
A.Basaltic magma typically solidifies within the Earth’s crust, while
granitic magma rises all the way to the Earth’s surface to erupt
from a volcano.
B. Basaltic magma rises all the way to the Earth’s surface to erupt
from a volcano, while granitic magma typically solidifies within
the Earth’s crust.
C.Neither basaltic magma nor granitic magma rises all the way to the
Earth’s surface to erupt from a volcano bringing great destruction to
the environment.
D.Both basaltic magma and granitic magma rise all the way to the
Earth’s
surface to erupt from a volcano, and at the same time solidify within
the
Earth’s crust.
11.Which of the following combination
of factors can change pre-existing
rocks into new forms?
A.Color, shape, and texture
B.Minerals, color, and temperature
C.Texture, temperature and
chemically- active fluids
D.Temperature, pressure and
chemically- active fluids
Metamorphism is a process that
changes preexisting rocks into
new forms because of increases
in temperature, pressure, and
chemically active fluids.
Metamorphism may affect
igneous, sedimentary, or other
metamorphic rocks.
12. You watched a video of a lava flow when
suddenly you got curious about how crystal
formation happens. You also observed that
small and large crystals can be formed from a
lava flow. Based on this observation, where
would you expect to find the largest crystals in
a lava flow?
A.At the center of the flow.
B.Near the bottom of the flow.
C.Near the top surface of the flow.
D.The crystals would have the same grain size
throughout the flow.
13.You were given a granite sample and tasked
to describe just by looking and touching it.
Which of the following statements below will
best describe a granite based on its physical
appearance?
A.Light- colored, fine- grained igneous rock
rich in silica
B.Light- colored, fine- grained igneous rock
poor in silica
C.Light- colored, coarse- grained igneous rock
rich in silica
D.Light- colored, coarse- grained igneous rock
poor in silica
14. You are walking along a flat rock
surface. You discover that as you walk
further, the age of the rocks decreases
until you reach the middle of the surface,
then for some reason, they get older
again. What structure have you just
passed over?
A.syncline fold
B.anticline fold
C.monocline fold
D.overturned fold
15. A geologist was interested in the age of
rock layers in a specific area, as shown in
Figure 1 below.

Figure 1. Sample Cross-section of Stratified Rocks

Which of the following set of
rock layers is correctly
arranged from oldest to
youngest?
A. P – O – N – M – L – Q
B. P – Q – O – N – L – M
C. Q – O – N – M – L – P
D. Q – P – O – N – M – L
16.A geologist used relative dating methods to guess
that an igneous rock sample is between 1 million and
5 million years old and was curious about its exact
age. Will using carbon-14 in determining the age of
the rock be helpful?
A.Yes, because the rock sample contains traces of
carbon in it.
B.Yes, because carbon-14 is widely used by scientists
in absolute dating.
C.No, because the half-life of carbon-14 is
too short for the age of the rock sample.
D. No, because it is not sure whether dead bodies of
organisms are present in
the sample.
17.A geologist found a dinosaur fossil and
wants to estimate what period that dinosaur
existed in the past. The geologist measured the
ages of the rocks beneath and above the
fossil. What dating technique he/she is about
to use?
A.cross dating
B.relative dating
C.geologic dating
D.absolute dating
18. What information is generally
shown in the geologic time scale?
A.the branches of geology
B.the geologic history of the Earth
C.the geologic features of the
Earth
D.the geologists with significant
contributions
19. Which hazard may happen if
loosely-packed and water-logged
sediments at or near ground surface
lose strength during earthquakes?
A.eruption
B.fire
C.liquefaction
D.tsunamis
20. A barangay located near the sea
experienced a magnitude 8.0
earthquake. What hazard are the
residents most exposed to after this?
A.eruption
B.fire
C.liquefaction
D.tsunami
21. What term refers to an extreme
natural phenomenon in Earth’s crust,
like earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions, that may cause danger to life
and property?
A. geologic hazard
B. biological hazard
C. technological hazard
D. hydrometeorological hazard
eruption
22.If you live on a hillside in a land-
locked area with an active volcano
nearby, which of the following
phenomena does NOT bring you
hazard?
A.tsunami
B.landslide
C.earthquake
D.volcanic eruption
23.Who among the following people is doing
an activity that helps lessen the occurrence
of landslides?
A.Person L constructs their home on a
steep slope.
B.Person M puts as much vegetation as
possible on the nearby slope.
C.Person N creates a water canal that cuts
through some part of the hill.
D.Person O gathers topsoil from the
mountain for their backyard garden.
24. During a typhoon, you noticed an
abnormal rise of seawater level that
caused flooding in the coastal area
you are living in. What phenomenon
had you just witnessed?
A.tornado
B.tsunami
C.spring tide
D.storm surge
25. Suppose you live in a coastal area and
your primary source of drinking water
has always been through a water pump.
Over the years, you noticed that the water
gets saltier and saltier. What coastal
process could have occurred?
A.tidal wave
B.coastal erosion
C.saltwater intrusion
D.coastal submersion
What is meant by saltwater
intrusion?

Salt water intrusion is the

mixing of saltwater with
freshwater. It can occur in either
surface- water or groundwater
bodies.
26. A businessman wanted to build a five-
story hotel a few meters away from the
edge of a cliff on the shore. Should this
plan be allowed by the authority?
A.Yes, it will boost tourism in the
community.
B.Yes, it is the best spot to capture
beautiful sceneries.
C.No, its construction could only worsen
coastal erosion.
D.No, the businessman needs to have
large amount of investment.
Coastal erosion is the process
by which local sea level rise,
strong wave action, and
coastal flooding wear down or
carry away rocks, soils, and/or
sands along the coast. All
coastlines are affected by
storms and other natural
events that cause erosion; the
combination of storm surge at
high tide with additional
effects from strong waves—
conditions commonly
associated with landfalling
tropical storms—creates the
most damaging conditions.
27. Miller and Urey performed an experiment to
prove the origin of life. What are the mixtures of
gases they thought to be abundant in earth’s early
atmosphere?
I.N2
II.H2O
III.H2
IV.NH3
V.O2
VI.CH4

A.I, II, III, IV

B.II, III, IV, V
C.II, III, IV, VI
D.III, IV, V, VI
The Miller-Urey experiment was a simulation of conditions
on the early Earth testing the idea that life, or more
specifically organic molecules, could have formed by
nothing more than simple chemical reactions.
28.Which of the following conditions
will best fossilize an animal?
A.The animal is made up of bones.
B.The animal is soft-bodied like
jellyfish.
C.The animal dies at sea and sinks
deep.
D.The animal is left exposed to the
elements.
Fossils are the preserved remains of plants
and animals whose bodies were buried in
sediments, such as sand and mud, under
ancient seas, lakes and rivers. Fossils also
include any preserved trace of life that is
typically more than 10 000 years old.
Soft body parts decay soon after death, but
the hard parts, such as bones, shells and
teeth can be replaced by minerals that
harden into rock. In very exceptional cases,
soft parts like feathers, plant ferns or other
evidence of life, such as footprints or dung,
may also be preserved.
29. Based on the Geologic Time Scale,
which of the following is a correct pair of
periods in the Earth’s history and the
corresponding major event that took
place?
A.Quaternary – age of mammals
B.Permian – extinction of trilobites
C.Cretaceous – appearance of first land
plants
D.Cambrian – appearance of first
amphibians
Quaternary, in the geologic history of Earth, a unit of time
within the Cenozoic Era, beginning 2,588,000 years ago
and continuing to the present day. The Quaternary has been
characterized by several periods of glaciation (the “ice
ages” of common lore), when ice sheets many kilometres
thick have covered vast areas of the continents in temperate
areas. During and between these glacial periods, rapid
changes in climate and sea level have occurred, and
environments worldwide have been altered. These
variations in turn have driven rapid changes in life-forms,
both flora and fauna. Beginning some 200,000 years ago,
they were responsible for the rise of modern humans.
During the Permian Period, Earth’s crustal
plates formed a single, massive continent called
Pangaea. In the correspondingly large ocean,
Panthalassa, marine organisms such as
brachiopods, gastropods, cephalopods
(nautiloids and ammonoids), and crinoids were
present. On land, reptiles replaced amphibians in
abundance. The most devastating incidence of
mass extinction in Earth’s history marked the
end of the Permian Period.
The Cretaceous Period started
around 145.5 million years ago and
ended around 65.5 million years ago.
During this period, land on Earth was
breaking up into separate
continents the way it is
today. Flowering plants appeared
for the first time, and dinosaurs
lived all over the Earth.
The Cambrian period, part of the
Paleozoic era, produced the most
intense burst of evolution ever
known. The Cambrian Explosion saw
an incredible diversity of life emerge,
including many major animal groups
alive today. Among them were the
chordates, to which vertebrates
(animals with backbones) such as
humans belong
30.On a hot day, a man feels to go for a swim, drinks
some cold water, or sits in the shade while on a cold
day, he feels to put on a coat, sits in a corner, or eats
a bowl of hot soup. Given the situation, how would
you classify the interaction of the man to his
environment?
A.It is an example of growth and development.
B.It shows man’s adaptation to his environment.
C.It is the ability of the man to regulate his internal
condition.
D.It ensures the survival of man and in carrying out
his functions.
31. Which of the following descriptions
about the organization of an ecosystem is
correct?
A.Communities make up species, which
make up populations.
B.Populations make up species, which
make up communities.
C.Species make up communities, which
make up populations.
D.Species make up populations, which
make up communities.
32. Which of the following is a
correct pair of organ and
organ system?
A.lungs-excretory
B.brain-circulatory
C.mouth-respiratory
D.skin – integumentary
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY/ CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
33. Which of the following terms
refers to the biological process of
producing offspring that are
biologically or genetically similar to
the parents?
A.evolution
B.fertilization
C.development
D.reproduction
“Reproduction is the
process of producing
offspring that are biologically
or genetically similar to the
parent organism.
34.What term refers to the process of
producing new organism by
combining the genetic information
of two individuals having different
sexes?
A.external fertilization
B.internal fertilization
C.sexual reproduction
D.asexual reproduction
35. Which of the following statements correctly
differentiate sexual reproduction from asexual
reproduction?
A.Sexual reproduction is faster than asexual
reproduction.
B.Sexual reproduction requires one parent
while asexual requires two.
C.Sexual reproduction requires two parents
while asexual requires one.
D.Sexual reproduction produces identical
offspring while asexual produces offspring
from two parents.
36. Which of the following is NOT correct about
recombinant DNA technology?
A.Plasmids and bacteriophages are examples of
commonly used vectors.
B. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology helps
Produce better breeds of plants and
animals.
C. The rDNA technology could also help in
identifying criminals by studying a
sample from a specific person.
D.The rDNA technology can be considered successful
even if the foreign
DNA inserted into the vector DNA is not expressing
the desired trait in the host cells.
What is recombinant DNA
technology? Recombinant DNA
technology is the joining together of
DNA molecules from two different
species. The recombined DNA
molecule is inserted into a host
organism to produce new genetic
combinations that are of value to
science, medicine, agriculture, and
industry.
37. Which of the following
crop is NOT genetically
modified?
A.Bt corn
B.golden rice
C.BT eggplant
D.conventional rice
38. Which of the following is
considered a risk of GM food to
people’s health?
A.GM food enhanced pathogenicity.
B.GM food production cost is
reduced.
C.GM food increased weed or pest
burden.
D.GM food contains higher amounts
of vitamins and minerals.
39. What responses are generated by the
nervous system when you run on a
treadmill?
A.Dispose waste from the body
B.Get the oxygen into our body and get rid
of carbon dioxide.
C.Food is broken down by to give energy
to every cell in the body.
D.Once exercise begins, the sympathetic
nervous system is activated, and the
heart rate rises quickly
40. Pablo went out with his friends almost
every day to have fun and takes whatever
vices they want. One day he complains
abdominal pain and notices that the
appearance of his skin turns yellowish which
are some symptoms of a liver problem.
Which do you think among his vices caused
him liver problem?
A.Smoking
B.Gambling
C.Social games
D.Alcohol Consumption
41. There is a couple who wish to have a child but cannot
have it because the wife was diagnosed with Polycystic
ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is a condition in which the
ovaries produce an abnormal number of androgens, male
sex hormones that are usually present in women in small
amounts that cause infertility of women having it. However,
it can be treated by maintaining healthy weight, conducting
regular exercise and balance diet. Based on the given
situation, is it possible for the couple to bear a child?

A. Yes, PCOS will just go away on its own.

B. Yes if they will just follow the suggestions of their doctor.
C. No because there is no treatment for PCOS.
D. No because female ovaries with PCOS totally can’t release
egg cells.
42. When you’re faced with a perceived threat,
your brain thinks you’re in danger.
That’s because it already considers the
situation to be life threatening. As a
result, your body automatically reacts to keep
you safe. What hormone is
responsible for this response?
A. Adrenalin
B. Melatonin
C. Vasopressin
D. Growth Hormones
Adrenaline makes your Melatonin is a natural
heart beat faster and hormone that is produced
your lungs breathe by the pineal gland
more efficiently. It (located in your brain).
It helps control your
causes the blood vessels
sleep cycle. The body
to send more blood to produces melatonin just
the brain and muscles, after it gets dark, peaking
increases your blood in the early hours of the
pressure, makes your morning and reducing
brain more alert, and during daylight hours.
raises sugar levels in the Melatonin acts on
blood to give you energy. receptors in your body to
encourage sleep
Vasopressin is known Growth Hormone
to regulate blood include influencing our
height, and helping
pressure, blood
build our bones and
osmolality, and blood muscles. Natural levels
volume. The effects of of growth hormone
V1a and V2 receptors fluctuate during the day,
can be amplified when seemingly influenced by
vasopressin is secreted physical activity. For
in excessive amounts, example, levels rise
when we exercise.
and this condition may
Growth hormone levels
be experienced by increase during
patients undergoing a childhood and peak
disease or stress. during puberty.
43. Pedro who met an accident
dislocated his two long bones in
his hand. What do you think is the
cause of such dislocation?
A.Tendon break
B.Ligament break
C.Areolar tissue break
D.Break of skeletal muscle
44. Covid 19 pandemic affects the immune
system of individual who will be infected
with this virus. As a student, which of the
following campaign below is the best thing
to promote to boost your immune system?
A.Drink alcohol in moderation.
B.Always observe health protocols.
C.Have an exercise at least once a week.
D.Eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables.
45.Gregor Mendel was considered as the
Father of Modern Genetics. Which of
the following works was associated
with him?
A.Study with pea plants
B.Expedition in the Galapagos Islands
C.Discovering the molecular structure
of DNA
D.Determination of the double-helix
structure of DNA
46. For certain organisms to survive, they need to
learn the process of adaptation by which a species
becomes fitted to its environment. Which of the
following situations exhibits adaptation?
A.Birds with light bones of their wings for easy
flying.
B.Giraffes having long necks for feeding in the top
of trees
C.Animals staying in one place all the time to
protect its home
D.Succulents which store water in their short,
thick stems and leaves in preparation for dry
season.
47.Based on the figure below, what is
common among human arm, cat’s leg,
whale flipper and bat’s wing?

I.Have the same bones.

II.Share common ancestors.
III.Body parts have the same functions.

A.I only
B.II only
C.I & II only
D.II & III only
48.Someone gives you two black beetles:
Carbonized Darkling Beetle (Eleodes
carbonaria) and Armored Stink Beetle
(Eleodes armata). What group they both
belong in the biological classification of
organisms?
A.Family
B.Genus
C.Order
D.Species
Genus, plural Genera, biological
classification ranking between
family and species, consisting of
structurally or phylogenetically
related species or a single
isolated species exhibiting
unusual differentiation (monotypic
genus).
49. On 16 December 2021, Typhoon Rai (local name
Odette) brought torrential rains, violent winds, landslides,
and storm surges in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and
Dinagat Islands in Mindanao, in five provinces of Visayas,
and in the island of Palawan in Luzon before it exited the
Philippine area of responsibility on 17 December 2021. If a
natural disaster like Typhoon Odette devastates an
ecosystem, what will this do to the carrying capacity of the
population of a species within that ecosystem?
A.Increase it.
B.Decrease it
C.Always reduce it down to zero.
D.Will not affect it, so it will stay the same.
50. The family of Amelia lives in a “sitio” where most of
her relatives are also living there because it’s where
their farm located which is the source of their foods.
Cora, friend of Amelia lives in another sitio, 5
kilometers away from Amelia’s place. The family of
Cora is living in another sitio because it is where their
farm located. How will you classify the household-
population distribution pattern with Amelia’s & Cora’s
place?
A.Clumped Distribution
B.Random Distribution
C.Uniform Distribution
D.Vertical Distributions