Week5 Affixation

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Roots and Affixes

How words are created


Vocabulary
• Short vs. longer words
• A, an, inextricably and denunciation
Simple vs. Complex Words
• eat
• inexpensive
• the
• hospitalize
• Reader
• Room
• automobile
Word Parts
• There are two kinds of word parts: roots and
affixes.
• A root is a word part that comes from another
language, such as Greek or Latin.

• An affix is a word part that can be attached to


either a root or a base word to create a new
word.
Affixes
• Affixes can be divided into three categories:
prefixes (appear at the beginning of words) and
suffixes (appear at the end of words).
Common Prefixes Common Suffixes
Bi- two -al adjectival suffix
Anti- against -fy verb suffix
Inter- between -ic adjectival suffix
Pre- before -ion noun suffix
Super- above -ism noun suffix
Trans- across -ize verb suffix
Dis- not -ous adjectival suffix
Check it out
Roots Affixes

Latin Root: tang, Prefix: in-, meaning


meaning “touch” “not”

Greek Root: chrome, Suffix: -ible, meaning


meaning “color” “able to”
Meaning
• Decomposition
Apply
PREFIX ROOT SUFFIX ENGLISH WORD
In- + tang + -ible = intangible

Tang is a latin roots meaning “touch”


In- is a prefix meaning “not”
-ible is a suffix meaning “able to”
Word Families
Shared roots: solo, solitary, solitude
Root: sol= ?
Answer: Alone, can you think of other
words in the family?
• Solitare
• Soloist
• Based on your knowledge of the root and the
meaning of other words in the same family, try
to define the meaning of the above words.
• Solitare- a card game played by one person
• Soloist- one who performs alone
Try one:
Words:
• Diminish
• Diminutive
• Minimum

• What do these words have in common?


• Which words do you know?
• What do you think the meaning of the root is?
Word Family Practice Questions:
• Word family: ethnicity, ethnic, ethnographer
Root: ethn
Meaning:
▫ Ocean
▫ Nation
▫ Hesitation
Word Family Practice Questions:
• Word family: maniac, maniacal
Root: mania
Meaning:
▫ Education
▫ Sanitation
▫ Madness
Word Family Practice Questions:
• Word family: epidermis, dermatology
Root: derm
Meaning:
▫ Skin
▫ Body
▫ Mind
Word Family Practice Questions:
• Word Family: laboratory, labor
Root: lab
Meaning:
▫ Work
▫ Good
▫ Weak
Let’s see what you know:
• Divide and indivisible are members of the same
word family. Which root so they share?
A. –vis- B. -visible- C. -div-

• What is the meaning of this root?


A. separate B. shrink C. junk

• What is another member of the same word


family?
A. December B. dividend C. invisible
The prefix un-
The Onion Metaphor
Types of Affixes
• personal affixes: the suffix -er which forms agent nouns (the ‘doer’ of the action)
like writer or runner and the suffix -ee which forms patient nouns (the person the
action is done to).
• negative and privative affixes: Negative affixes add the meaning ‘not’ to their
base; examples in English are the prefixes un-, in-, and non-(unhappy, inattentive,
non-functional). Privative affixes mean something
• prepositional and relational affixes: Prepositional and relational affixes often
convey notions of space and/or time. Examples in English might be prefixes like over-
and out- (overfill, overcoat, outrun, outhouse).
• quantitative affixes: These are affixes that have something to do with amount. In
English we have affixes like -ful (handful, helpful) and multi- (multifaceted). Another
example might be the prefix re- that means ‘repeated’ action (reread), which we can
consider quantitative if we conceive of a repeated action as being done more than
once.
• evaluative affixes: Dimunitive vs. augmentative

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