SUB CODE: MGT 359

Nepalese Studies

Presented BY

References : Internet, chatGPT,

BINOD CHAND
Bard, Textbook. BBS 5th SEMSETER
• Course Description
• Nepalese Studies has been offered as one of the important subjects in the faculty of
management of the undergraduate level. The course provides the students with the basic
knowledge and understanding of Nepalese geography, political history, socio-cultural
characteristics, economic development, constitutional development and other contemporary
development and environmental issues in Nepal.
• Course Objective
• The objective of this course is to impart general knowledge to the students on the basic ideas
of Nepalese geographical characteristics, political history, and the relationship of people with
their physical environment and enable students to grasp the unique context in which
businesses and management operate in Nepal.
• Learning Outcomes
• After completing the course, the student shall be able to:
• Understand Nepal's Geographical Diversity,
• Explain Major Historical Events During The Ancient, Medieval And Modern Periods Of
Nepal,
• Explain The Sociocultural Characteristics Of Nepalese Society,
• Describe The Essential Features Of The Constitution Of Nepal,
• Explain The Characteristics Of The Nepalese Economy And Indicators Of Economic
Development And
• Analyze And Address The Contemporary Development And Environmental Issues Of Nepal.
• Course Contents
• Unit 1: Nepalese Geography LH 7
• Physical Features: Altitude, Climate And Vegetation In Nepal
• Geographical Divisions: Himalayas, Hills And Tarai
• Natural Resources: Forests, Soils, Water And Minerals (Present The Trend Of
Utilization, Prospects, Problems And Conservation Practices)
• Seven Provinces Of Nepal: Landscape And Physical Geography
• Unit 2: Political History of Nepal LH 8
• Major historical and political events during the ancient and medieval period of Nepal
• (Gopal dynasty, Mahispal dynasty, Kirant dynasty, Lichhivi period and Malla period)
• Shah Dynasty and Unification of Nepal
• Rana Regime and anti-Rana Movement in Nepal
• Movements for Democracy, Constitutional Assembly and Federal System in Nepal
• Unit 3: Socio-cultural Characteristics of Nepalese Society LH 7
• Basic characteristic of Nepalese society and culture
• Prevalent religions, culture and ethnicity of Nepal
• Prevalent languages, literature, folk music and art of Nepal
• Major festivals of Nepal
• 3.5 Major cultural heritages of Nepal
• Social inclusion and social justice in Nepal
• Socio-cultural diversity by provinces of Nepal
• Unit 4: Nepalese Economy and Development LH 7
• Characteristics of Nepalese economy
• Foundations of Nepalese economy: Agriculture, tourism, industry, trade and
transportation
• 4.4 Role of ‘Three Pillar Economy’ in Nepal: public, private and cooperative sectors
• Major indicators of economic development in Nepal
• Periodic plans in Nepal and goals and priorities of the current periodic plan
• Unit 5: An Overview of the Constitution of Nepal LH 8
• Historical perspective of constitutional development in Nepal
• Essential features of the Constitution of Nepal, 2072
• An overview of fundamental rights and duties of citizens in Nepal
• Directive principles and policies of the state (policies relating to the economy, industry, commerce,
development and natural resources)
• Structure of the state and distribution of state power
• Major role of organs of government (executive, legislative and judicial)
• Unit 6: Contemporary Development and Environmental Issues in Nepal LH 8
• 6.1 Population: Growth and size
• 6.3 Poverty: Causes and consequences
• 6.2 Unemployment: Causes, consequences and remedial measures
• Migration: Types, causes and consequences
• Pollution: Causes and consequences
• Climate change: Effect and precautions
• Sustainable Development Goals: Education, economic growth, infrastructure, industrialization,
sustainable consumption and production
• Unit 1: Nepalese Geography
Nepal a landlocked country in south Asia, lies between India and China. The area of
Nepal is 147,516(885 KM length and 193 KM height) square K.M. or 56,956 square
Miles. It encompasses an extensive range of elevations(altitude), from the low-lying
Terai plains to the towering peaks of the Himalayas, including the world's highest
point, Mount Everest. Nepal is 1126 KM above from Sea level. Nepal have occupied
0.035% and 0.35% area of World and Asia respectively. Nepal Time (NPT) is 5 hours
and 45 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). This means that when it is
midnight (00:00) GMT, it is 5:45 AM in Nepal. There are 8 peak(Total 14 in the world)
above 8000 meter in Nepal. And 1300 peak more than 6000 meter.

GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTATION BASED ON LANDSCAPE IN NEPAL

MOUNTAIN
Encompassing 15% of Nepal's territory, this mountainous expanse dominates the
northern landscape which is 4000 meter above from sea level. Home to eight of the
world's Fourteen highest peaks, including the mighty Mount Everest, the Himalayas
are a haven for mountaineers and adventure seekers so that the land is unlikely to
suitable for agriculture. Due to the extreme cold weather, complex topography, and
harsh life-style only 6.1% population stays here.
HILLS
Hills is located at central part of Nepal. This province have occupied the maximum
landscape I.e. 68% of Nepal and 40.25% population lives here. It is situated 600-4000
meter above from the sea level.
TERAI
Terai is located the southern part of Nepal. This region have occupied 17% territory of
Nepal and 53.6% population lives here. Terai region lies 70-600 meter above from the
sea level. The height of this region is 40 K.M-60 K.M approx. This province is fertile
because the clay soil of the hilly area flows due to rainwater. It is also known as
warehouse of the grain.
CLIMATE AND NATURAL VEGETATION
The climate of Nepal is diversified due to the landscape diversity, Presence of
mountain, Sea level distance, local air, slope and altitude of the land. Therefore, the
seasonal type of climate can be found here. That’s why, Here one degree Celsius
temperature declines with the every 160-165 meter height. Hills intercept vaporized air
from Gulf countries during summer, causing cooling and rainfall.
The climate of Nepal is classified into five parts on the basis of Geographical
Structure and Height.
1) Sub-Tropical Monsoon climate
There is heavy rain and dry in this climate which is particularly found in Terai region
with the height of 4000 meters.
SUMMAR •RAINFALL in summer season is 38-42 degree
The temperature
•HIGH TEM.

Celsius and 15-5 degree Celsius in winter season. During the rainy season, monsoon
winds from the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean bring rain. As rainfall generally
WINTER
•Low TEM.
decreases from east to west and increases •DRY
from north to south, the West Terai is hotter
than the East Terai of Nepal.
WARM TEMPERATE CLIMATE
Presence of Moderate temperature

Presence in distinct Season. While transaction

A warm temperate climate refers to a climate zone characterized by relatively mild to warm temperatures
throughout the year, with distinct seasons. This type of climate, found in Nepal's Chure Mountains and
Mahabharata Mountains at altitudes of 1,200 to 2,100 meters (4,000-7,000 ft), is warmer in summer and cooler
in winter. In summer, the temperature ranges from 24 to 31 degrees Celsius. In the winter weather, 0 degrees
Celsius. reaches up to In Nepal, monsoon winds blow from the southern part of the country, so it rains up to 250
cm in the slopes of the south, while it rains up to 100 cm in the slopes of the north.
COOL TEMPERATE CLIMATE
Cool temperate climate is found at the height of (2,100m-3350m) or (7000ft.-11000ft.). In this type of climate
there is extreme cold in winter and warm in summer. In this climate there is mild temperature in summer,
meaning it is not excessively hot.
COOL TEMPERATE CLIMATE
Presence of Moderate –to- Cool temperature

presence of deciduous trees that lose their leaves in winter

ALPHINE CLIMATE
This climate is found in (2100-3,350)m or (7,000-11,000) ft. There is lower than 0
degree Celsius temperature in approx. months. No agriculture and this sector is known
for animal husbandry and Tourism activities.

TUNDRA CLIMATE
Tundra climate is extremely cold which is found in Mountain region. Here is usually
snowfall and much in the rainfall. It’s Generally lies in the height above than 5,000m.
(16,000ft) and there is snow blows. So that this climate is also known as Tundra desert
climate.
NATURAL VEGETATION IN NEPAL
Tropical Evergreen (Rainforest) Vegetation
Tropical evergreen forests are found in the lowlands of Nepal, primarily in the Terai
and Churia regions. These forests are home to a variety of plant and animal species,
including sal, teak, sisau, cane, bamboo, elephant grass, and wild elephants. Due to the
extreme heat and rain above the 1200m from sea level, there is evergreen forest having
small or big trees.
TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS VEGETATION
Temperate deciduous vegetation is characterized by forests composed of trees that shed their
leaves in the fall and go through a period of dormancy(state of inactivity or suspended
growth ) during the winter months. Due to the extreme cold in winter and hot in summer, the
leaf falls from the trees. Salla, devdar, chaap, katus, okhar, guras are the name of vegetation.
TEMPERATE CONIFEROUS/ ANGULAR VEGETATION
This vegetation is found of the height ranging of 2100m-3350m in the field of
MAHABHARAT mountain. Here, these trees and leaves have beak. Salla, devdar,
dhupi, chilaune
LEKALI PLANT
Lekali vegetation, also known as alpine vegetation, is a type of plant life found in high-
altitude regions, typically above the tree line. These plants are adapted to the harsh
conditions of the alpine environment, which include cold temperatures, strong winds,
and short growing seasons.
TUNRA VEGETATION
Tundra vegetation is a type of plant life found in the tundra biome, which is
characterized by cold temperatures, short growing seasons, and permafrost
(permanently frozen ground). Tundra vegetation is typically low-growing and adapted
to the harsh conditions of the tundra environment.
NEPAL’S NATURAL RESOURCES
Resources which can be obtained without any cost are known as natural resources. This resource are the gift of
nature. Nepal is actually rich of the Natural resources. However, The effective utilization of these resources is not
optimized to its full potential. That’s why It couldn’t be a prosperous and developed country. Natural resources
can be categorized as Perpetual, renewable and non-renewable. Under this Soil, Minerals, water and forests are
discussed as follows.

Soil AND ITS TYPE

• Unit 4: Nepalese Economy and Development LH 7
• Characteristics of Nepalese economy
• Foundations of Nepalese economy: Agriculture, tourism, industry, trade and
transportation
• 4.4 Role of ‘Three Pillar Economy’ in Nepal: public, private and cooperative sectors
• Major indicators of economic development in Nepal
• Periodic plans in Nepal and goals and priorities of the current periodic plan