Bone Fracture

What
is Bone
fracture?
FRACTURE
Bsn 4-D Group 2
Members:
FRACTURE
 Is a break or a crack in a bone. A fracture occurs when force exerted against a bone is stronger
than the bone can structurally withstand.
“BUT FIRST WHAT’S

THE FUNCTION OF BONE”
Bone provides shape and support for the body, as well as
protection for some organs. Bone also serves as a storage
site for minerals and provides the medium—marrow—for
the development and storage of blood cells.
BONE FRACTURE Common types of Bone fracture:
A fracture is a partial or complete

break in the bone. When a fracture Greenstick.
happens, it’s classified as either open
or closed: Transverse.
Spiral.
Open fracture (also called compound
fracture): The bone pokes through the Oblique.
skin and can be seen, or a deep wound
Compression.
exposes the bone through the skin.
Comminuted.
Closed fracture (also called simple
fracture). The bone is broken, but the Segmental.
skin is intact.
Transverse - Oblique Break is
break is in a diagonal across
straight line the bone
across the bone.
Greenstick is an Compression-Bone is crushed. This

incomplete causes the broken bone to be wider or
fracture. A flatter in appearance.
Spiral- Break
portion of the
spirals around the
bone is broken,
bone; common in
causing the other
a twisting injury.
side to bend.
Comminuted-
Bone has broken
into three or
more pieces and Others:
fragments are
present at the
fracture site.
Segmented-
Same bone is
fractured in two
places, so there is
a “floating” piece
of bone.
WHAT CAUSES BONE
FRACTURES?
Fractures most often happen when more force is
applied to the bone than the bone can take. Bones
are weakest when they are twisted.
Bone fractures can be caused by falls, trauma, or as

a result of a direct blow or kick to the body.
Overuse or repetitive motions can tire muscles and

put more pressure on the bone. This causes stress
fractures. This is more common in athletes.
Fractures can also be caused by diseases that

weaken the bone, such as osteoporosis or cancer in
the bones.
WHAT ARE THE
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OF A BONE
FRACTURES???
Sudden pain
Trouble using or moving the injured area or nearby joints
Swelling
Obvious deformity
 Warmth, bruising, or redness
These Are the most common symptoms of a fracture. However, each
person may experience symptoms differently.
Symptoms of a broken bone may resemble other medical conditions or
problems. Always see a healthcare provider for a diagnosis
HOW IS BONE FRACTURE
DIAGNOSED?
 Other than asking the mechasim of injury more test are done
to have an accurate finding such as:
 X-ray. A diagnostic test which uses invisible
electromagnetic energy beams to make pictures of
internal tissues, bones, and organs on film.
 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An imaging
test that uses large magnets, radiofrequencies, and
a computer to produce detailed pictures of
structures within the body.
 Computed tomography scan (also called a CT or
CAT scan). This is an imaging test that uses X-rays
and a computer to make detailed images of the
body. A CT scan shows details of the bones,
muscles, fat, and organs.
HOW TO TREAT A BONE
FRACTURE?
The goal of treatment is to put the pieces of bone back in place, control the pain,
give the bone time to heal, prevent complications, and restore normal use of the
fractured area. Treatment may include:
Splint or cast. This immobilizes the injured area to keep the bone in alignment. It
protects the injured area from motion or use while the bone heals.
Medicine. This may be needed to control pain.
Traction. Traction is the use of a steady pulling action to stretch certain parts of the
body in a certain direction. Traction often uses pulleys, strings, weights, and a metal
frame attached over or on the bed. The purpose of traction is to stretch the muscles and
tendons around the broken bone to help the bone ends to align and heal.
 Surgery. Surgery may be needed to put certain types of broken bones back into
place. Occasionally, internal fixation (metal rods or pins located inside the bone) or
external fixation devices (metal rods or pins located outside of the body) are used to
hold the bone fragments in place while they heal.
Fractures can take months to heal as broken bones “knit” back together when
new bone is formed between the broken parts.
WHAT CAN WE DO TO
PREVENT BONE FRACTURES?
Most fractures are caused by accidents, such as falls, or other
injuries. But there are some things you may be able to do to
decrease your risk of bone fractures, for instance:
 Follow a healthy diet that includes vitamin D and calcium to keep bones
strong.
 Do weight-bearing exercises help to keep bones strong.
 Do not use any form of tobacco. Tobacco and nicotine increase the risk
of bone fractures and interfere with the healing process.
 Osteoporosis is a common cause of fractures in older people. Talk to
your healthcare provider about your risk of osteoporosis and get
treatment if you have it.
WHEN TO CALL
brokenHEALTHCARE PROVIDER?
You should see a healthcare provider any time you think you may have a
bone.
 An open fracture (one in which the bone comes through the skin so you can
see it or a deep wound that exposes the bone through the skin) is considered
an emergency. Get medical attention right away for this type of fracture.
 Any injury to the bones of the spine is also a medical emergency. These cause
severe back pain and may cause nerve problems. These include numbness,
tingling, weakness, or bowel/bladder problems. Call 911 if you suspect a
person has a break in the bones of their spine.

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What

“BUT FIRST WHAT’S

A fracture is a partial or complete

Greenstick is an Compression-Bone is crushed. This

Bone fractures can be caused by falls, trauma, or as

Overuse or repetitive motions can tire muscles and

Fractures can also be caused by diseases that

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