University School of Business

Subject Name: Professional Communication Skills

Subject Code: 23PCH-106

CORRECTION OF SENTENCES DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 COURSE OBJECTIVES
The Course aims to:
Stress on students awareness of interpersonal communication skills and
appropriate usage of verbal and non-verbal expression in social and
1 professional environment.

Prepare the student for discourse in English, using a number of

2 communication strategies.

Introduce them to key concepts of Morality, Diversity & Inclusion

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Provide foundations for the placement process of the student.
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 COURSE
OUTCOMES
On completion, the students are expected to
CO Title Level
Number

Display moral values, ethics and sensitivity for

CO1 Apply
diversity and inclusion.

CO2 Perform effectively in the placement process. Apply

Analyse and summarize information, ideas and

CO3 opinions on a social issue using grammatically Analyse
correct English.
Evaluate facts to write research and short
CO4 Evaluate
official, technical or social reports.
Create communication material for an
organization dedicated to a social cause and
CO5 Create
use electronic/social media to share concepts
and ideas.

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Types of Errors

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 Sentence Structure Errors
Sentence structure determines how the different parts of a
sentence are put together, from its punctuation to the
ordering of its words.
There are two especially common sentence construction
mistakes:
• Sentence fragments: missing necessary components to form a
full grammatically correct sentence.
• Run-on sentences: incorrect punctuation used to join different
parts of a sentence.

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 Fragments
A complete sentence must
have three components:
• A subject (the actor in the
sentence)
• A predicate (the verb or
action)
• A complete thought (it can
stand alone and make sense).
• A fragment is an incomplete
sentence.
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 Fragments
It cannot stand alone and does not express a complete
thought.
• Some fragments lack either a subject or verb or both.
• Dependent clauses are also fragments if they stand alone.
Example:
• Went out of business after Starbucks Coffee opened.
• One of my friends who won a contest by playing a variety of
instruments.
• Since I went fishing.
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 Run-on Sentences
• A run-on sentence is not
simply a long sentence.
It might include:
• Lack of punctuation and/or
conjunctions
• Incorrect punctuation
• A comma splice—two
independent clauses joined
by a comma—is a run-on
sentence.
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 Dangling Participles
A dangling participle is a word or phrase
that modifies a word not clearly stated or
an unintended noun in the sentence.
Example:
• He chased the monkey with his hat.
(He chased the monkey wearing his hat or
the monkey had his hat?)
• Correct: Wearing his hat, he chased the
monkey.
(The participle has to be next to the noun
that it modifies. The participle phrase ’wearing
his hat’ modifies ’he’.)
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 Poll Question 1
Q. Coming around the corner, the skyscrapers came clearly
into view across the river.
1. Coming around the corner, the skyscrapers are viewed clearly
across the river.
2. Coming around the corner, the skyscrapers came clearly into
view across the river.
3. Coming around the corner, the people got a view of the
skyscrapers across the river.
4. Comes around the corner, the skyscrapers came clearly into
view across the river.
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 Subject/Verb Agreement
Singular subjects must have
For Example:
singular verbs.
Plural subjects must have plural • The box of ornaments
verbs. belong in the attic.
Rule of thumb: • High levels of mercury
• Subjects ending in “s” are plural
occurs in some fish.
• Verbs ending in “s” are singular
• What we need are more
pots and pans.
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 Pronoun/Antecedent Agreement
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns while Antecedents
are the words that the pronouns refer to.
• Pronouns must agree with their antecedents in number, gender, and
person.
• Number = singular or plural
• Gender = masculine, feminine, or neuter
• Person = 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person
Example:
• Everyone should make their own decisions.
• Each speaker maintained their poise.
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 Verb Tense
There are three verb tenses
in English Language: Past,
Present and Future.
The present, past and future
tenses are divided into four
types: Simple, continuous,
perfect and perfect
continuous.

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14
Commonly Confused Words

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 Commonly Confused Words
They're / Their / There
• They’re going to store together. (contraction of “they are”)
• The managers are in their weekly meeting. (possessive)
• Place the flowers there. (adv. – indicates location/direction)
You're / Your
• You're going to be a great writer! (contraction of “you are”)
• Your hair looks nice today. (possessive)
Who's / Whose
• Who's on first base? (contraction of “who is”)
• Whose watch is this? (possession)
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 Commonly Confused Words
It's / Its / Its’
• It’s a beautiful day! (contraction of “it is”)
• Download the program, along with its readme file. (possessive)
• Its’ is not a word.
Affect / Effect
• The outage shouldn't affect anyone during work hours. (verb –
to act on, influence)
• The outage shouldn't have any effect on users. (noun – result)

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 Commonly Confused Words
To / Too / Two
• I am going to the store. (preposition)
• She decided to go along too. (adv. – also)
• I have two buttons missing. (number)
A lot / Alot / Allot
• The workers are worrying a lot about their jobs. (adv. – to a great
degree/extent)
• Alot is not a word.
• We were each allotted twenty tickets. (verb – to assign/distribute)
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 Poll Question 2
Q. A part of the sentence is underlined. Below are given
alternatives to the bold part which may improve the sentence.
Choose the correct alternative. In case no improvement is
required, choose No Improvement' option.
• He behaves as if he is the supreme leader.
1. as he is
2. as if he were
3. as if he was
4. No improvement

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 Preparation Tips to Solve
Sentence Correction Questions
Keep the following things in mind while tackling a sentence
correction question:
• Identify the concept
• Similar answer choices
• Treat all options equally
• Pay attention to the non-underlined part
• Choose the shorter answer
• Substitute the selected answer
• Elimination technique
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 Applications
• Students will be able to make correct sentences.
• Students will have a better understanding of sentence structure
and sentence formation.
• It will improve their overall language.

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 Assessment Pattern
Students are assessed on the basis of the following
parameters:
• Hourly Test – 2
• Assignments
• Surprise Test
• Quiz
• Student Engagement
• End Semester Exam

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 References
• ISC Total English Class 12 by by P. Pinto, Xavier Pinto.
• High School English Grammar and Composition Paperback by
P.C. Wren, N.D.V. Prasada Rao
• http://vdvdvdvdvdvdvdv.blogspot.com/2012/02/5-common-engli
sh-grammar-mistakes.html#!/2012/02/5-common-english-gram
mar-mistakes.html

• http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/fragments-and-run-ons/
• http://booksoulmates.blogspot.com/2011/02/grammar-101-apost
rophes.html
• http://www.englishliteraturenotes.com/Grammar/Fragments.html

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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]