ILLUSTRATING

COMBINATIONS
( Quarter 3, Topic 6)
OBJECTIVES:

 Illustrate the combination of

objects.

 Derives the formula for

finding the number of
combinations of objects
taken r at a time.
 Review
Evaluate the following.

6+2 =8 4. – 3! + 4 = ____________
1. 3! + 2! = ______________ 120-6+4= 118

24 x1 =24
2. 4! 0! =_______________ 𝟓! 𝟓!
5. . P(5, 1) = ____________
=
𝟒!
=𝟓
( 𝟓− 𝟏 ) !

3. 𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟐𝟎
= _________________= 𝟑𝟑𝟔
𝟏𝟐𝟎
 Opening
Activity
Determine which tasks/activities is order or arrangement
important.
1. Selecting five badminton players from a
group of nine.
2. Seven toppings for pizza.
3. A classroom sitting arrangement.
4. Choosing a class president, vice-president and
a secretary.
5. 18 books in a library shelf.
 Opening
Activity
Determine which tasks/activities is order or arrangement
important.
6. Assigning cellphone numbers to subscribers.
7. Forming a six-person committee from your Math class.
8. Unlock a mobile phone with a PIN.
9. Form a committee of five.
10. Choosing five questions to answer in a 10-item quiz.
 Opening
Activity
Tasks or activities in which order or arrangement is NOT
important.
1. Selecting five badminton players from a
group of nine.
2. Seven toppings for pizza.

7. Forming a six-person committee from your Math class.

9. Form a committee of five.

10. Choosing five questions to answer in a 10-item quiz.
 Derivation of combination formula
Consider the letters of the word L, O, V, and E, and take three
letters at a time without repeating any of the letters. How
many arrangements would there be if:
a) the order is important 𝑛!
𝑃 ( 𝑛 ,𝑟 )=
(𝑛 − 𝑟) !
LOV LOE OVE VEL
LVO LEO OEV VLE 4!
OVL OLE EVO LEV 𝑃 ( 4 ,3 )=
(4 −3) !
OLV OEL EOV LVE
VLO ELO VOE EVL 24
VOL EOL VEO ELV 𝑃 ( 4 ,3 )= =24
1
There are 24 possible arrangements.
 Derivation of combination formula
Consider the letters of the word L, O, V, and E, and take three
letters at a time without repeating any of the letters. How
many arrangements would there be if:
b) order is not important 24
𝐶 ( 4 , 3 )=
6
LOV LOE OVE VEL
LVO LEO OEV VLE 𝑃 ( 4 ,3)
OVL OLE EVO LEV 𝐶 ( 4 , 3 )=
6
OLV OEL EOV LVE
VLO ELO VOE EVL 𝑃 ( 4 ,3)
𝐶 ( 4 , 3 )=
VOL EOL VEO ELV 3!

There are 4 possible arrangements.

 Derivation of
𝑃 (𝑛 , 𝑟 ) combination
And so, the equation becomes𝐶 ( 𝑛 ,𝑟 )= formula
𝑟!
𝑛!
since 𝑃 ( 𝑛 , 𝑟 ) =
(𝑛 −𝑟 ) !
𝑃 (𝑛 , 𝑟 )
then 𝐶 ( 𝑛 ,𝑟 )=
𝑟!
1
𝐶 ( 𝑛 ,𝑟 )= 𝑃 ( 𝑛 ,𝑟 ) ∙
𝑟!
𝑛! 1
𝐶 ( 𝑛 ,𝑟 )= ∙
( 𝑛 −𝑟 ) ! 𝑟 !
𝑛!
𝐶 ( 𝑛 ,𝑟 )=
𝑟 ! (𝑛 −𝑟 ) !
 Derivation of combination
formula

b) If the order is not important

Note: 𝑃 ( 4 ,3)
𝐶 ( 4 , 3 )=
There are 4 3!
objects (L, O, V, 1
E) 👉 n = 4 𝐶 ( 4 , 3 )= 𝑃 (4 , 3)∙
3!
4! 1
They are selected 𝐶 ( 4 , 3 )= ∙
3 at a time ( 4 − 3 ) ! 3!
👉 r=3
4! 24
𝐶 ( 4 , 3 )= = =4
3 ! ( 4 − 3 ) ! 6 (1)
 Key Points to
Remember
Combination
👉 refers to the arrangement of a set of n different objects
where the order of arrangement is NOT important.

👉 The number of combinations of n different objects taken

r where is denoted by .

👉 The combination of n different objects taken r at a time is

given by , where
 Illustrative Example 1
State if each scenario involves combination.

1. A team of 8 basketball players needs to choose a captain and

co- captain.
2. Jeff and Maricar are planning trips to nine countries this year.
There are15 countries they would like to visit. They are
deciding which countries to skip.
3. There are 110 people at the meeting. They each shake hands
with everyone else.
4. Forming triangles form 7 given points with no three of which
are collinear.
 Illustrative Example 2
Express the number of combinations of the following situations
in the form .
1. In how many ways can 9 friends
𝟗!
form teams of 4 persons to play 𝑪 ( 𝟗 , 𝟒) = =𝟏𝟐𝟔
cards? 𝟒 ! (𝟗 − 𝟒 ) !
2. Find the number of diagonals that 𝟔!
can be drawn in a hexagon? 𝑪 ( 𝟔 , 𝟐 )= =𝟏𝟓
𝟐 ! ( 𝟔 −𝟐 ) !
3. On a circle there are 9 points
selected. How many triangles with 𝟗!
vertices in these points exist? 𝑪 ( 𝟗 , 𝟑 )= =𝟖𝟒
𝟑 ! ( 𝟗− 𝟑 ) !
 Illustrative Example 3
How many different
committees of 4 people can
be formed from a pool of 7
people?
𝒏! 𝟕𝒙𝟔𝒙𝟓𝒙𝟒𝒙𝟑𝒙𝟐𝒙𝟏
𝑪 (𝒏, 𝒓 )= 𝑪 ( 𝟕, 𝟒 ) =
𝒓 ! (𝒏 −𝒓 ) ! (𝟒 𝒙 𝟑 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏)(𝟑 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏)
𝟕! 𝟐𝟏𝟎
𝑪 ( 𝟕 , 𝟒) = 𝑪 ( 𝟕 , 𝟒) = =35
𝟒 ! (𝟕 − 𝟒 ) ! 𝟔
𝟕 ! Therefore, there are 35 different committees of 4 people that
𝑪 ( 𝟕 , 𝟒) = can be formed from a pool of 7 people.
𝟒 ! (𝟑 !)
 Illustrative Example 4
In how many ways can a team consisting of 2 boys
and 3 girls be formed if there are 6 boys and 7 girls
who qualified to be in a team?
𝟕!
𝑪 ( 𝟕 , 𝟑 )=
𝟑 ! ( 𝟕− 𝟑 ) !
𝟕
𝟓 ! 𝟎𝟒𝟎
¿ 𝟑𝟓
𝑪 ( 𝟕 , 𝟑 )=¿
𝟑!𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟒
!

𝑪 ( 𝟔 , 𝟐 )=
𝟔!
𝟐 ! ( 𝟔 −𝟐 ) !
𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟑𝟓=𝟓𝟐𝟓
𝟔 𝟕𝟐𝟎
¿𝟏𝟓
! Therefore, there are 525 ways to form a team consisting of 2
𝑪 ( 𝟔 , 𝟐 )=¿ boys and 3 girls from a pool of 6 boys and 7 girls.
𝟐 ! 𝟒 !𝟒𝟖
 Illustrative Example 5
How many polygons can be possibly drawn from 6
distinct points on a plane, no three of which are
collinear? 𝟔!
𝟕𝟐𝟎
𝟔!
𝑪 ( 𝟔 , 𝟑 )= ¿ ¿ ¿𝟐𝟎
𝟑 ! ( 𝟔 −𝟑 ) ! 𝟑𝟑𝟔 ! 𝟑!
𝑪 ( 𝟔 , 𝟒) =
𝟔!
¿
𝟔
¿𝟏𝟓
!
¿
𝟕𝟐𝟎
𝟒 ! (𝟔 − 𝟒 )𝟒! !𝟐 ! 𝟒𝟖
𝑪 ( 𝟔 , 𝟓 )=
𝟔!
¿ ¿𝟔
𝟔! 𝟕𝟐𝟎
¿
𝟓 ! ( 𝟔 −𝟓 )𝟓! !𝟏! 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝟔 ! 𝟕𝟐𝟎
𝑪 ( 𝟔 , 𝟔 )=
𝟔!
¿ ¿𝟏
¿
𝟔 ! ( 𝟔 −𝟔 )𝟔! !𝟎 ! 𝟕𝟐𝟎
𝟐𝟎+𝟏𝟓+𝟔+𝟏=𝟒𝟐
Therefore, you can possibly draw 42 different
polygons from 6 distinct points on a plane, with
no three points collinear.
 Illustrative Example 6
In a 10-item mathematics problem-solving test,
how many ways can you select 5 problems to
solve if you are required to answer question
number 10?
𝑪 ( 𝟗 𝟒) =
𝟗!
¿
𝟗 !
¿
𝟑𝟔𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟎
𝟒 ! (𝟗 − 𝟒 ) ! 𝟒 !𝟓 ! 𝟐 𝟖𝟖𝟎 ¿ 𝟏𝟐𝟔
Therefore, there are 126 ways to select 5 problems to solve from a 10-
item mathematics problem-solving test if you are required to answer
question number 10.
 Illustrative Example 7
At a party, each person shakes hands with every
other person if there are 12 people at the party
how many handshakes will be done?

𝑪 ( 𝟏𝟐,𝟐 )=
𝟏𝟐!
¿
𝟏𝟐
¿ 𝟔𝟔
!
𝟐! ( 𝟏𝟐−𝟐 ) ! 𝟐 ! ( 𝟏𝟎 ) !

Therefore, there will be 66 handshakes at

the party.
 Practice
Solve each problem.
1. In how many ways can a committee
consisting of 4 members be formed
from 8 people?
2. If there are 7 distinct points on a
plane with no three of which are
collinear, how many polygons can be
possibly formed?
 Practice

Answers:
Combinations
with
conditions
 Illustrative Example 1
How many choices does a student have if he has
to answer 4 out of 5 questions and such that he
must answer the first two questions?
𝑪 ( 𝟐 , 𝟐𝟐) !𝒙 𝑪 (𝟑 𝟐
, 𝟐)! 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
𝑪 ( 𝟐 , 𝟐 )=
𝟑! 𝟑
¿
𝟐 ! ( 𝟐− 𝟐 ) !
𝟑 𝒙
!
¿
𝟐
𝟎𝒙
𝟐 ! (𝟐
𝒙
!𝟏)(𝟏)
𝟔 𝟏
¿𝟏
𝑪 (¿
𝟑 , 𝟐 )= ¿ ( 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 ¿ ¿ 𝟐
𝟑
𝟐 ! ( 𝟑− 𝟐
𝟐 ! )! (𝟏 ) ) !( 𝟏 )
𝟏+𝟑=𝟒𝒄𝒉𝒐𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔
There are 4 choices out of 5 questions.
 Illustrative Example 2
A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Find
the number of ways 3 balls can be chosen from
the bag if
a) They can be of any color
𝟖 ! 𝟖!
( )
𝑪 𝟖,𝟑 = ¿
𝟑 ! ( 𝟖 −𝟑𝟑) !!𝟓!
¿
𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟎
𝟕𝟐𝟎 ¿𝟓𝟔
There are 56 ways to choose 3 balls from the bag if They
can be of any color.
 Illustrative Example 2
A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Find
the number of ways 3 balls can be chosen from
the bag if
b) All of them are red
𝟓 ! 𝟓!
( )
𝑪 𝟓,𝟑 = ¿ ¿
𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝟑 ! ( 𝟓− 𝟑𝟑) !!𝟐! ( 𝟔 ) (𝟐)
¿
𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟐 ¿𝟏𝟎
There are 10 ways to choose 3 balls from the bag if
All of them are red.
 Illustrative Example 2
A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Find
the number of ways 3 balls can be chosen from
the bag if
c) All of them are blue 𝑪 ( 𝟓,𝟎 ) 𝒙 𝑪(𝟑,𝟑)
𝟓! 𝟓!
(
𝑪 𝟓,𝟎 = ) ¿ ¿
𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝟎 ! ( 𝟓 −𝟎𝟎) !!𝟓 ! 𝟏𝟐𝟎 ¿𝟏
𝑪 ( 𝟑 , 𝟑 )=
𝟑!
¿
𝟑!
𝟑 ! ( 𝟑− 𝟑𝟑) !!𝟎 !
¿
𝟔
𝟔 ¿ 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏=𝟏
There are 1 way to choose 3 balls from the bag if all of
them are blue.
 Illustrative Example 2
A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Find
the number of ways 3 balls can be chosen from
the bag if
d) 2 are blue and 1 is red
𝟑 ! 𝟑!
𝑪 ( 𝟑,𝟐 ) 𝒙 𝑪(𝟓,𝟏)
(
𝑪 𝟑,𝟐 = ) ¿
𝟐 ! ( 𝟑− 𝟐𝟐) !!𝟏!
¿
𝟔
𝟐 ¿𝟑
𝟓!
¿ 𝟓𝟑 𝒙𝟓=𝟏𝟓
𝟓! 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝑪 ( 𝟓 , 𝟏 )= ¿ ¿
𝟏 ! ( 𝟓− 𝟏𝟏) !!𝟒 ! 𝟐𝟒
There are 15 ways to choose 3 balls from the bag if 2 are
blue and 1 is red
 Illustrative Example 2
A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Find
the number of ways 3 balls can be chosen from
the bag if
e) 2 are red and 1 is blue
𝟓 ! 𝟓!
𝑪 ( 𝟓,𝟐 ) 𝒙 𝑪 (𝟑,𝟏 )
𝟏𝟐𝟎
(
𝑪 𝟓,𝟐 = ) ¿
𝟐 ! ( 𝟓− 𝟐𝟐) !!𝟑!
¿
𝟏𝟐 ¿𝟏𝟎
𝟑!
¿ 𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑=𝟑𝟎
𝟑! 𝟔
𝑪 ( 𝟑 , 𝟏 )= ¿ ¿
𝟏 ! ( 𝟑− 𝟏𝟏) !!𝟐! 𝟐
There are 30 ways to choose 3 balls from the bag if 2 are
red and 1 is blue
 Illustrative Example 2
A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Find
the number of ways 3 balls can be chosen from
the bag if
e) 2 are red and 1 is blue 𝑪 ( 𝟓,𝟐 ) 𝒙 𝑪 (𝟑,𝟏 )
(
𝑪 𝟓,𝟐 = )
𝟓 ! 𝟓!
¿
𝟐 ! ( 𝟓− 𝟐𝟐) !!𝟑!
¿
𝟏𝟐𝟎
¿𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑=𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟐
𝟑! 𝟔
¿𝟑
𝟑!
𝑪 ( 𝟑 , 𝟏 )= ¿ ¿
𝟏 ! ( 𝟑− 𝟏𝟏) !!𝟐! 𝟐
There are 30 ways to choose 3 balls from the bag if 2 are
red and 1 is blue
 Illustrative Example 3
A man buys 2 cows 3 pigs and 3 chickens in a
store with 5 cows, 5 pigs and 7 chickens. How
many choices has he?
𝑪 ( 𝟓,𝟐) 𝒙𝑪 (𝟓 ,𝟑) 𝒙𝑪(𝟕,𝟑) ¿𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑𝟓=𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝑪 ( 𝟓 , 𝟐 )=
𝟓 ! 𝟓! 𝟏𝟐𝟎
¿
𝟐 ! ( 𝟓−𝟐𝟐!𝟑!
¿
) ! 𝟏𝟐 ¿𝟏𝟎 He has 3 500
𝑪 ( 𝟓 , 𝟑 )=
𝟓 ! 𝟓! 𝟏𝟐𝟎
¿
𝟑 ! ( 𝟓−𝟑𝟑
¿
) ! 𝟏𝟐
!𝟐! ¿𝟏𝟎 choices
𝟕 ! 𝟕 ! 𝟓𝟎𝟒𝟎
𝑪 ( 𝟕 , 𝟑 )= ¿
𝟑 ! ( 𝟕−𝟑𝟑
¿ ¿𝟑𝟓
!𝟒) !! 𝟏𝟒𝟒
 Illustrative Example 4
Mark is to choose two books from a shelf containing
four math books, three Filipino books, and two Science
books.
a) How many choices has he?

𝑪 ( 𝟗 , 𝟐 )=
𝟗!
¿
𝟗!
¿
𝟑𝟔𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟎
𝟐 ! ( 𝟗− 𝟐 ) ! 𝟐 !𝟕! 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟎 ¿𝟑𝟔
He has 36 choices to choose 2 books from a shelf.
 Illustrative Example 4
Mark is to choose two books from a shelf containing four math
books, three Filipino books, and two Science books.
b) How many choices does he have if one of the books must be math
and the other is a science book?
¿𝟒 𝒙
𝑪 ( 𝟒,𝟏 ) 𝒙 𝑪(𝟐,𝟏) 𝟐=𝟖
𝟒 ! 𝟒 ! 𝟐𝟒
𝑪 ( 𝟒 , 𝟏) = ¿
𝟏 !𝟑!
𝟏 ! ( 𝟒 −𝟏 )!
¿
𝟔 ¿𝟒
𝑪 ( 𝟐 , 𝟏 )=
𝟐 ! 𝟐!
¿ ¿
)! 𝟏
𝟏 ! ( 𝟐−𝟏𝟏!𝟏!
𝟐
¿𝟐
He has 8 choices to choose 2 books from a shelf if one of the
books must be math and the other is a science book?
 Illustrative Example 4
Mark is to choose two books from a shelf containing four math
books, three Filipino books, and two Science books.
c) How many choices does he have if both books must be books in
Filipino?
𝑪 ( 𝟑 ,𝟑𝟐
! 𝟑!
) 𝟔
𝑪 ( 𝟑 , 𝟐 )= ¿
𝟐 ! ( 𝟑−𝟐𝟐!𝟏!
)!
¿
𝟐 ¿𝟑
He has 3 choices to choose 2 books from a shelf if both books
must be books in Filipino?
Solve each problem. Practice
1. A box contains 7 red balls, 5 white
balls, and 3 green balls. In how many
ways can we select 3 balls such that
–
a) they are all red
b) they are all white
c) they are all green
d) two are red and one is white?
e) none is green?
Differentiating Permutation from
Combination of Objects
Taken at a Time
( Quarter 3, Topic 7)
OBJECTIVES:

 Differentiate permutation from

combination of n objects taken
r at a time.

 Solves problems involving

permutation and combinations.
 Opening
Let the 5 group members be A, B, C, D and E Activity
Situation 1: Situation 2:

A group has to select a moderator A group has to select two leaders

and a secretary from 5 members in from 5 members in the group. How
the group. How many arrangements many sets of group officers are
of group leaders are possible? possible?
AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED
AC CA BD DB CE EC AC CA BD DB CE EC
AD DA BE EB AD DA BE EB
AE EA AE EA

When order is not important, the number

of possible arrangements is only 10.
 Video Clip
Combinations
 Key Points to
BASIS FOR
COMPARISON
PERMUTATION
Remember
COMBINATION

Meaning Permutation refers to the different ways Combination refers to several ways of
of arranging a set of objects in a choosing items from a large set of
sequential order. objects, such that their order does not
matter.
Order Important Not Important
Denotes Arrangement, sequence, line up, Selection, group, sample, forming
schedule, ranking, Permutation committee, Combination
What is it? Ordered elements Unordered sets
Answer How many different arrangement can be How many different groups can be
created from a given set of objects? chosen from a larger group of objects?

Formula

where: where:
is the size of each permutation is the number of items selected from
is the size of the set from which the set
elements are permuted is the number of items in set
! is the factorial operator ! is the factorial operator
 Illustrative Example 1
Check (√) column C if the situations/activities describe a Combination
and column P for Permutation. Write your answer in a separate sheet.

Situation/ Activity C P
1. Determining the top 3 winners in a Math Quiz Bee √
2. Forming lines from 6 given points with no three of
which are collinear √
3. Forming triangles from 7 given points with no three of
which are collinear
√
4. Four people posing for pictures
5. Assembling jigsaw puzzle √
√
Check (√) column C if the situations/activities describe a
Combination and column P for Permutation. Write your answer in a
separate sheet.
Situation/ Activity C P
6. Choosing 2 household chores to do before dinner √
7. Selecting 5 basketball players out of 10 team members
for the different positions √
8. Choosing 3 of your classmate to attend your party
9. Picking 6 balls from a basket of 12 balls √
10. Forming a committee of 5 members from 20 √
people
√
 Illustrative Example 2
You were tasked to take charge of the auditions for the
female parts of a stage play. In how many ways can
you form your cast of 5 female members if there are 15
hopefuls?
𝟏𝟓 ! 𝟏𝟓 !
𝑪 ( 𝟏𝟓 , 𝟓 )= ¿ ¿ 𝟑 𝟎𝟎𝟑
𝟓) ! ! 𝟏𝟎 !
𝟓 ! ( 𝟏𝟓 −𝟓
There are 3 003 ways to form a cast of 5
female members if there are 15 hopefuls.
 Illustrative Example 3
At an ice cream store, there are 5 flavors of ice
cream: strawberry, vanilla, chocolate, mint, and
banana. How many different 3-flavor ice cream
cones can be made?
𝟓! 𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟎
!
𝑪 ( 𝟓 , 𝟑 )= ¿ ¿ ¿ 𝟏𝟎
𝟑
𝟑 ! ( 𝟓− 𝟏𝟐
𝟑) ! ! 𝟐 !
There are 10 different 3-flavor ice cream cones
that can be made.
 Illustrative Example 4
If each Automated Teller Machine card of a certain
bank has to have 4 different digits in its passcodes,
how many different possible passcodes can there be?

𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎
! !
𝑷 ( 𝟏𝟎 ,𝟒 )= ¿
( 𝟏𝟎 −𝟒 𝟔
)! !
There are 5 040 different possible passcodes.
 Illustrative Example 5
From 7 Biology books and 6 Chemistry books,
in how many ways can one select 2 Biology and
2 Chemistry books to buy if all the said books
are equally necessary?
𝟕 𝟓! 𝟎𝟒𝟎
¿
𝟐!𝟓
¿ ¿!
𝟐𝟏
𝟐𝟒𝟎
𝟔 𝟕𝟐𝟎 !
¿ ¿ ¿ 𝟏𝟓
𝟐!𝟒 𝟒𝟖!
There are 315 ways to select 2 Biology and 2
chemistry books.
 Illustrative Example 6
At a party, each person shakes hand with every other
person if there are a total of 66 handshakes, how many
people are at the party?
 Practice
Solve each problem.
1. A soloist is auditioning for a musical
play. If she is required to sing any 3 of
the 7 prepared songs, in how many
ways can she make her choice?
2. In a gathering, the host makes sure that
each guest shakes hands with everyone
else. If there are 25 guests, how many
handshakes will be done?
 Practice

Answers:
1.