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Lesson4.2 Head

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Kuldip Gill
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33 views16 pages

Lesson4.2 Head

Uploaded by

Kuldip Gill
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEAD

Lalaine B. Ganas, RN
TVET Trainer/Assessor
IV.HEAD

Head - normally , the skull and face are symmetrical, with distribution of hair varying from person to person
1.Hair - quantity and distribution; texture- dry,brittle; luster, color
2.Scalp - licem dandruff,lesions,lacerations, tenderness or swelling
3.Skull - size, contour, configuration,depression
4.Face - portrays emotions,pain intelligence and uderstanding
a.observe for expression-flat,expressionless,wide eyed,confused or quizzical expression,angry,excited
b. symmetry
c. edema
d. masses or lesions
e. involuntary movements-tics,spasmodic contractions
f. shape - round,ovall,triangular
g. skin - color and pigmentation
5. Forhead - smooth,furrowed with wrinkles
6.Eyes - general expression,use of corrective aid such as contact lens, eyeglasses
a. eyebrows - quality of hair,presence of flakes,scar lesions,etc.
b. eyelids - lid margins are normally clear, the lacrimal ducy opening (puncta) are evident at the nasal side of the
upper and lower lids
Observe for:
- height of papebral fissures (longitudinal openings between the eyelids which appear equal in size when the eyes
are open
-blinking reflex
-presence of edema,hemorrhage,hematoma
-color-redness,cyanosis,pallor
-direction of lashes(outward,inward)
-lid eversion or inversion

c. bulbar and palbelbar conjuctiva-color (pale,pink,red); growth or lesions


d. sclerae - clear, color and pigments
e. cornea and lens - check transparency,opacities,ulcerations,scratches
f. iris - color
g. pupil - normally constrict with light and wehn looking at near objects and dilate in the dak and when looking
at far objects can change in size from very small (pinpoint) to large (occupying the entire space of the iris)
h. Eyeballs
- position and alignment
- prominence of eyeballs - sunken,bulging
- eye movement
1. extra ocular movement - movement of the eye in the conjugate fashion
2. nystagmus - rapid, lateral horizontal or roatary movement of the eye; maybe normal as result of fatigue
3. strabismus - deviation of one eye so that the visual axis is no longer parallel to that of the other eye
4. convergence - ability of the eye to turn in and focus on a very close object
i. Visual Acuity (use of Snellen’s Chart)
- normal vision is 20/20
- myopia - near sightedness
- hyperopia - far sightedness
7. Ear - symmetry
a. pinna - observe for size,shape, color,lesions,masses,swelling
- discharges - whether serous, purulent, sanguinous; observe odor
- tenderness; consistency of the cartilage
b. external canal - normally clear with perhaps minimal cerumen
- examine for discharges; impacted cerumen; inflammation;masses.foreing bodies,etc.
c. tympanic membrane - examine for the color,luster,shaoe,position,transparency,integrity,and scarring
d. auditory acuity - distance within which one can hear spoken words or a watch tick (occludeone ear at a time when
testing) A person with normal hearing can hear whispered word from approximately 30-60 cms, and a watch tick from
30 cm.
e. response to echanical tests
- Weber’s test - test for lateralization of vibration
- Rinne’s test - compares air bone conduction
8.Nose - inspect the external surface of the nose for symmetry color, shape and size
9. Mouth
a. lips - color, moisture; masses;ulceration;fissures, lesions,edema,congenital defect
b. teeth - number(32 in adult);arrangement; general condition; caries; discoloration; fillings;absence of one tooth or
more;abnormal dental shape and use of artificial teeth
c. gum - color, texture;discharge;swelling;retraction,bleeding;lesions.
d. buccal mucosa - normally the mucosa should be pink,smooth and fine lession
e. tongue - is normally midline and covered with papillae which vary in size from tip to the back .Observe for the
size;color;thickness;lesions;moisture;symmetry;deviation from midline.
f. hard palate and soft palate;uvula - observe for ulcerations congenital defects and symmetry when the client says “ah”
g. tonsils - size;ulcerations;exudates;inflammation
h. ability to masticate and swallow
i. odor of breath - use of tobbaco or alcohol, poor dental hygiene;gingivites,acetone breath - for diabetic coma, musty
odor for sever liver disease;urinary odor - for uremic status
10. Pharynx - for inflammation;exudates and masses
11. Larynx - voice (hoarseness) and disorder of speech

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