SLIDESHOW

TRANSFORMATION IN
SOUTHERN AFRICA AFTER

1750
Grade 10
Term 2: History
In this section you will learn about:
Imfecane
What was South Africa like in 1750
Why Europeans settled in South Africa
The political changes between 1750-1820: The rise of the Ndwandwe Kingdom under Zwide
The break-up of the Ndwandwe Kingdom
The rise of the Zulu Nation
Legacies of Shaka: How was King Shaka portrayed
CONCEPTS
 MFECANE or DIFAQANE
-Mfecane refers to a time time of wars, political disruptions and migrations in southern Africa in the
early 1800s.
-Mfecane means “destruction” or “crushing” in the Zulu language. In the Sesotho language, the events
were known as the Difaqane, which means “forced migration.
 Chief
-Refers to a hereditary ruler of a small political state whose duties is to protect his people, provide for
them and call up the ancestral spirits on their behalf.
 Chiefdom
-A territory ruled by a chief which the people have a common language and culture.
 Kingdom
-A large state ruled by a king. The King has an army and the power to control the people he rules
WHAT WAS SOUTH AFRICA LIKE IN 1750?
 African farmers were farming due to adequate

rainfall
 Two language groups existed: Nguni and
Sotho speakers
 Cattle was the main source of wealth
 Women were responsible for growing crops:
millet and sorghum
 There were many chiefdoms ruled over by
chiefs
 Land was still freely available
 1750-1835: African kingdoms joined
together, formed large militarized kingdoms.
WHY DID EUROPEANS SETTLE
IN SOUTH AFRICA?
 Dutch East India (VOC): in charge of
Europeans living in or close to Cape Town
 White people were innkeepers, merchants
and artisans: worked for the VOC
 To establish a refreshment at the Cape in
1652
 Some white settlers established farms:
grow fruit, grain and vegetables
 Used slaves from Malaysia and Java
DUTCH EAST-INDIA COMPANY
DUTCH EAST-INDIA
COMPANY
WHY DID EUROPEANS SETTLE
IN SOUTH AFRICA?
 By 1750 white farmers moved eastward
 The eastward and movement into the
interior impacted on African communities
POLITICAL CHANGES 1750-
1820
 Conflict over trade and grazing for land
 Oral history vs Written history
 Little written history on what was
happening on other parts
 Historians have used oral and
archaeological to research on events
happening in the Highveld and eastern
region
THE RISE OF THE NDWANDWE
KINGDOM UNDER ZWIDE
 Nguni-speaking people lived on the Eastern
side of SA – known as Kwa-Zulu Natal
today.
 The Nguni people were traditionally cattle
herders believed to have originated
somewhere in the Congo basin in Central
Africa.
 They were then divided into many different
chiefdoms in 1750
 Lived on fertile and wet valleys between
Phongolo and Mzimkhulu rivers
 Chiefs were responsible for allocating – but
had limited power
THE RISE OF THE NDWANDWE
UNDER ZWIDE
 The Ndwandwe, were a significant power
in present-day Zululand at the turn of the
nineteenth century.
 Zwide became chief of Ndwandwe in
1770 – transformed it into a powerful
kingdom
 Young men formed ages sets or amabutho
 Amabutho were used to form an army
 The army was sent to conquer
neighbhouring chiefs for resources and for
control of territory
THE RISE OF NDWANDWE KINGDOM
UNDER ZWIDE
 Declining rainfall led to ten-year drought that
began about 1800 which caused massive
disruption and suffering
 Due to less rain, People fought one another for
meager supplies of grain and cattle
 Ndwandwe and Dingiswayo: were militarized and
centralized
 Warfare erupted - two kingdoms -- the Ndwandwe
under Zwide, and the Mthethwa under
Dingiswayo - battled for control of resources
 Fought in a battle of Mbuzi Hill in 1818
 The Ndwandwe defeated Dingiswayo and the
Mthethwa forces were scattered
THE RISE OF THE ZULU
NATION: WHO WAS KING
SHAKA?
WHO WAS KING SHAKA?
 King Shaka: born into the Zulu clan which
lived along the Mhlathuze river.
 Shaka was an illegitimate son of chief
Senzangakhona and was soon disowned and
not considered heir to the chieftainship
 He moved in with the Mthethwa clan; led by
Dingiswayo
 Under the Mthethwa clan, Shaka excelled in
the army. His leadership and bravery and
tactics were quickly noticed by Dingiswayo.
 Due to his leadership skills and sharpness in
warfare; when Senzangakhona died (1816),
Dingiswayo made Shaka the chief of the Zulus
NOW, LETS GO BACK TO THE
NDWANDWE KINGDOM.
 After the Ndwandwe had defeated the
Mthethwa and killed Dingiswayo, he
turned his attention to the Zulus.
 Shaka also wanted to avenge
Dingiswayo’s death.
 In 1819: the Ndwandwe attacked the
Zulus to determine who would gain
control of the Phongolo-Thukela region.
 The Ndwandwe were defeated, lost cattle
and fled northwards

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TRANSFORMATION IN

SOUTHERN AFRICA AFTER

 African farmers were farming due to adequate

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