Amazon Web Services

Instructor: Iqra Saher

Amazon Web Service(AWS)
Amazon Compute Services
AWS Computer Service
 Amazon Global Infrastructure
• AWS is a cloud computing platform which is globally available.
• Global infrastructure is a region around the world in which AWS is based. Global
infrastructure is a bunch of high-level IT services.
The following are the components that make up the AWS infrastructure
• Availability Zones
• Region
• Edge locations
• Regional Edge Caches
 Availability zone as a Data Center
• An availability zone is a facility that can be somewhere in a country or in
a city. Inside this facility, i.e., the Data Centre, we can have multiple
servers, switches, load balancing, firewalls. The things that interact with
the cloud sit inside the data centers.
• An availability zone can be several data centers, but if they are close
together, they are counted as 1 availability zone.
 Region
• A region is a geographical area. Each region consists of 2 more
availability zones.
• A region is a collection of data centers which are completely isolated from
other regions.
• A region consists of more than two availability zones connected to each
other through links.
 Edge Locations
• Edge locations are the endpoints for AWS used for caching content.
• Edge locations consist of CloudFront, Amazon's Content Delivery Network (CDN).
• Edge locations are more than regions. Currently, there are over 150 edge locations.
• Edge location is not a region but a small location that AWS have. It is used for caching the
content.
• Edge locations are mainly located in most of the major cities to distribute the content to end
users with reduced latency.
• For example, some user accesses your website from Singapore; then this request would be
redirected to the edge location closest to Singapore where cached data can be read.
 Regional Edge Cache
• AWS announced a new type of edge location in November 2016, known as a Regional
Edge Cache.
• Regional Edge cache lies between CloudFront Origin servers and the edge locations.
• A regional edge cache has a large cache than an individual edge location.
• Data is removed from the cache at the edge location while the data is retained at the
Regional Edge Caches.
• When the user requests the data, then data is no longer available at the edge location.
Therefore, the edge location retrieves the cached data from the Regional edge cache
instead of the Origin servers that have high latency.
Concepts of Zone, Region and Multi-Region

• Regions are independent areas that consist of zones. They effect the pricing,
reliability, networking, and performance of zonal resources-VM.
• A zone is a deployment area for Google Cloud resources within a region. The
zone should be considered a single failure domain within a region. To deploy
fault-tolerant applications with high availability and help protect against
unexpected failures, deploy your applications across multiple zones in a region.
• Multi-region services are designed to be able to function following the loss of a
single region. Multi-regional resources are cloud storage, Big Query, Big Tables,
etc.
 Key Points
• If a single region fails, only customers in that region are impacted. Customers who have multi-
region products are not impacted.
• Multi-region services are designed to be able to function following the loss of a single region.
Multi-regional resources are cloud storage, Big Query, Big Tables, etc.
• Region ends with number while zone ends with character.
• The fully qualified name for a zone is made up of <region><zone> for example, zone-a in
region us-central1 is us-central1-a
• There are 29 regions and 88 zones in the world and Each region contains three zones except
Iowa.
 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
• Amazon EC2 presents a true virtual computing environment, allowing clients to
use a web-based interface to obtain and manage services needed to launch one or
more instances of a variety of operating systems (OSs).
• Clients can load the OS environments with their customized applications. They
can manage their network’s access permissions and run as many or as few systems
as needed.
• In order to use Amazon EC2, clients first need to create an Amazon Machine
Image (AMI). This image contains the applications, libraries, data, and associated
configuration settings used in the virtual computing environment.
 Amazon EC2(cont..)
• Amazon EC2 offers the use of preconfigured images built with templates to
get up and running immediately.
• Once users have defined and configured their AMI, they use the Amazon EC2
tools provided for storing the AMI by uploading the AMI into Amazon S3.
• Amazon S3 is a repository that provides safe, reliable, and fast access to a
client AMI.
• Before clients can use the AMI, they must use the Amazon EC2 web service
to configure security and network access.
 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud(EC2)
• Amazon EC2 provides scalable computing capacity in the AWS cloud
• Using Amazon EC2 eliminated your need to invest in Hardware and Support for different OS.
• You can use Amazon EC2 to launch as many or as few virtual servers as you need, Configure
Security and networking, and manage storage.
• Amazon EC2 enables to scale up or scale down the instance
• Instances can be launched in one or more regions and availability zones
• Preconfigure templates are available known as Amazon Machine Image
• By default when you create an instance account with Amazon, your account is limited to a
maximum of 20 instances per EC2 region with two default high I/O instances.
 Types of EC2 Instances
• General Purpose Balanced Memory and CPU
• Compute Optimized More CPU than RAM
• Memory Optimized More RAM
• Storage Optimized Low Latency
• Accelerated Computing/ GPU Graphics Optimized
• High Memory High RAM, Nitro System
 Using Amazon EC2 to Run Instances
• During configuration, users choose which instance type(s) and operating system they want to use.
• Available instance types come in two distinct categories, Standard or High-CPU instances. Most applications are
best suited for Standard instances, which come in small, large, and extra-large instance platforms.
• High-CPU instances have proportionally more CPU resources than random-access memory (RAM) and are well-
suited for compute-intensive applications.
• After determining which instance to use, clients can start, terminate, and monitor as many instances of their AMI
as needed by using web service Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) or a wide variety of other management
tools that are provided with the service.
• Users are able to choose whether they want to run in multiple locations and they pay only for resources actually
consumed.
• They can also choose from a library of globally available AMIs that provide useful instances. For example, if all
that is needed is a basic Linux server, clients can choose one of the standard Linux distribution AMIs.
 Amazon EC2 Service Characteristics
There are quite a few characteristics of the EC2 service that provide significant benefits to an enterprise.
• First of all, Amazon EC2 provides financial benefits. Because of Amazon’s massive scale and large
customer base, it is an inexpensive alternative to many other possible solutions. The costs incurred to
set up and run an operation are shared over many customers, making the overall cost to any single
customer much lower than almost any other alternative. Customers pay a very low rate for the
compute capacity they actually consume.
• Security is also provided through Amazon EC2 web service interfaces. These allow users to
configure firewall settings that control network access to and between groups of instances. Amazon
EC2 offers a highly reliable environment where replacement instances can be rapidly provisioned.
• The EC2 service runs within Amazon’s proven, secure, and reliable network infrastructure and data
center locations.
 1. Dynamic Scalability
Amazon EC2 enables users to increase or decrease capacity in a few
minutes. Users can invoke a single instance, hundreds of instances, or even
thousands of instances simultaneously. Of course, because this is all
controlled with web service APIs, an application can automatically scale
itself up or down depending on its needs. This type of dynamic scalability is
very attractive to enterprise customers because it allows them to meet their
customers’ demands without having to overbuild their infrastructure.
 2.Full Control of Instances
Users have complete control of their instances. They have root access to
each instance and can interact with them as one would with any machine.
Instances can be rebooted remotely using web service APIs. Users also have
access to the console output of their instances. Once users have set up their
account and uploaded their AMI to the Amazon S3 service, they just need to
boot that instance. It is possible to start an AMI on any number of instances
(or any type) by calling the Run Instances API that is provided by Amazon.
 3. Configuration Flexibility
Configuration settings can vary widely among users. They have the choice
of multiple instance types, operating systems, and software packages.
Amazon EC2 allows them to select a configuration of memory, CPU, and
instance storage that is optimal for their choice of operating system and
application. For example, a user’s choice of operating systems may also
include numerous Linux distributions, Microsoft Windows Server, and even
an Open Solaris environment, all running on virtual servers.
 Integration with Other Amazon Web
Services
• Amazon EC2 works in conjunction with a variety of other Amazon web services. For
example, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Amazon SimpleDB, Amazon
Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS), and Amazon CloudFront are all integrated to
provide a complete solution for computing, query processing, and storage across a wide
range of applications.
• Amazon S3 provides a web services interface that allows users to store and retrieve any
amount of data from the Internet at any time, anywhere.
• It gives developers direct access to the same highly scalable, reliable, fast, inexpensive
data storage infrastructure Amazon uses to run its own global network of websites. The S3
service aims to maximize the benefits of scale and to pass those benefits on to developers.
 Amazon Simple Queue Service(Amazon
SQS)
Amazon SQS is a reliable, scalable, hosted queue for storing messages as
they pass between computers. Using Amazon SQS, developers can move
data between distributed components of applications that perform different
tasks without losing messages or requiring 100% availability for each
component. Any computer connected to the Internet can add or read
messages without the need for having any installed software or special
firewall configurations. Components of applications using Amazon SQS
can run independently and do not need to be on the same network,
developed with the same technologies, or running at the same time.
 Amazon SQS
• A message queue service offers reliable and scalable hosted queues for
storing messages as they travel between Servers.
• It is a web service that gives you access to message queues that store
messages waiting to be processed.
• Using SQS, you no longer need a highly available message cluster or the
burden of running it.
• You can delete all the messages in an SQS queue without deleting the
SQS queue itself.
 Why Amazon SQS ?
• By using Amazon SQS, you can move data between distributed
components of your applications that perform different tasks without
losing messages or requiring each component to be always available.
Visibility Timeout
 Amazon CloudFront
Amazon CloudFront is a web service for content delivery. It integrates with other
Amazon web services to distribute content to end users with low latency and high
data transfer speeds. Amazon CloudFront delivers content using a global network of
edge locations. Requests for objects are automatically routed to the nearest edge
server, so content is delivered with the best possible performance. An edge server
receives a request from the user’s computer and makes a connection to another
computer called the origin server, where the application resides. When the origin
server fulfills the request, it sends the application’s data back to the edge server,
which, in turn, forwards the data to the client computer that made the request.
What is the price of Amazon CloudFront?
Amazon CloudFront charges are based on actual usage of the service in three areas:
• Data Transfer
• You will be charged for the volume of data transferred out of the Amazon CloudFront edge locations,
measured in GB.
• HTTP/HTTPS Requests
• You will be charged for number of HTTP/HTTPS requests made to Amazon CloudFront for your
content.
• Invalidation Requests
• You may invalidate up to 1,000 files each month from Amazon CloudFront at no additional charge.
Beyond the first 1,000 files, you will be charged per file for each file listed in your invalidation requests.
 Amazon Elastic Block Store(EBS)
• Elastic Block Store
• Persistent and Network attached virtual drive
• EBS volume behave like raw, unformatted external block storage devices that you can attach to
your EC2 instances.
• EBS volume are block storage devices suitable for database style data that requires frequent read
and write
• EBS volume are attached to your EC2 instances through the AWS network, like virtual hard drive
• An EBS volume can attach to a single EC2 instance only at a time.
• Both EBS volume and EC2 instance must be in the same Availability zones.
 Instance store backed EC2
• Basically the virtual hard drive on the host allocated to the EC2 instance.
• Limited to 10GB per device
• Non Persistent Storage
• The EC2 instance can’t be stopped ,can only be rebooted or terminated.
Terminated will delete data.
 Amazon SimpleDB
Amazon SimpleDB is another web-based service, designed for running queries on structured data stored with
the Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) in real-time. This service works in conjunction with the
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) to provide users the capability to store, process, and query data
sets within the cloud environment. Amazon SimpleDB is a highly available NoSQL data store that offloads the
work of database administration. Developers simply store and query data items via web service requests and
Amazon SimpleDB does the rest.
Unbound by the strict requirements of a relational database, Amazon SimpleDB is optimized to provide high
availability and flexibility, with little or no administrative burden. Behind the scenes, Amazon SimpleDB
creates and manages multiple geographically distributed replicas of your data automatically to enable high
availability . The service charges you only for the resources actually consumed in storing your data and serving
your requests. You can change your data model on the fly, and data is automatically indexed for you. With
Amazon SimpleDB, you can focus on application development without worrying about infrastructure
provisioning, high availability, software maintenance, schema and index management, etc.
Amazon SimpleDB Data Model
 Features
Amazon SimpleDB offers a range of features that make it a powerful and flexible data storage solution:
Efficiency: SimpleDB provides us with simple and fast data retrieval and storage.
Flexibility: With SimpleDB, we can easily add new attributes without worrying about predefined data formats. As your
business changes or application evolves, you can easily reflect these changes in Amazon SimpleDB without worrying about
breaking a rigid schema or needing to refactor code – simply add another attribute to your Amazon SimpleDB data set when
needed.
Budget-friendly: SimpleDB's economic model allows for payment only for the specific resources utilized, including machine
utilization, structured data storage, and data storage.
Low touch: Amazon SimpleDB automatically manages infrastructure provisioning, hardware and software maintenance,
replication and indexing of data items, etc.
High Availability: Amazon SimpleDB automatically creates multiple geographically distributed copies of each data item you
store. This provides high availability.
Secure: Amazon SimpleDB provides an https endpoint to ensure secure, encrypted communication between your application or
client and your domain.
Smooth integration: We can smoothly integrate SimpleDB with other Amazon Web Services such as EC2 and S3.
 Benefits
• Eliminates operational complexity: We don't need to worry about provisioning servers or managing their
infrastructure, as AWS handles everything for us. This saves our time and energy so that we can work on other
essential tasks.
• No schema required for data storage: We can store data in SimpleDB without defining a schema
beforehand. This makes adding new data to our database easy without modifying its structure.
• Reduces administrative burden: Since SimpleDB is a managed service, we don't need to perform
maintenance tasks like backup and recovery or software upgrades. With AWS, our team can reduce their
administrative workload as the platform takes care of these tasks on our behalf.
• Simple API for accessing and storing data: The SimpleDB API is easy to use, allowing us to quickly access
and store data without needing to learn complex query languages or database management systems.
• Data is automatically indexed: When we store data in SimpleDB, the service indexes it for faster querying
and retrieval. This saves our time and effort, as we don't need to configure indexes manually for our database.
 Drawbacks
• Storage limitations: SimpleDB limits the amount of data we can store in
a single domain and limits the size of individual attributes and the number
of attributes per item. This can be a challenge for applications with large
or complex data requirements, requiring careful planning and
management.
• Weaker forms of consistency: SimpleDB's eventual consistency model
means that updates to data may take time to reflect across all nodes in the
system, leading to potential data consistency. This can be a drawback for
applications requiring strong consistency guarantees.