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ITS Unit 4

The document discusses operating systems, including their definition, functions, types, and system software utilities. It defines an operating system as low-level software that enables interaction with computer hardware and data. It describes the functions of an OS like controlling programs, I/O, communication, and more. It also outlines different types of OSs and system utilities that augment OS functionality.

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23 views

ITS Unit 4

The document discusses operating systems, including their definition, functions, types, and system software utilities. It defines an operating system as low-level software that enables interaction with computer hardware and data. It describes the functions of an OS like controlling programs, I/O, communication, and more. It also outlines different types of OSs and system utilities that augment OS functionality.

Uploaded by

shakila shaikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 4 system–Linux and

Introduction to Operating
Windows operating system, Security features and
tools

Courtesy: Internet resources


Computer System Components
1. Hardware – provides basic computing resources (CPU, Memory, I/O
devices, Communication).
2. Operating System – controls and coordinates
use of the hardware among various application programs for various
users.
3. System & Application Programs – ways in which the system resources
are used to solve computing problems of the users (Word processors,
Compilers, Web browsers, Database systems, Video games).
4. Users – (People, Machines, other computers).
Introduction

3
What is an Operating System?
• An Operating System is a program that acts as an
intermediary/interface between a user of a computer and the
computer hardware.
• OS goals:
– Control/execute user/application programs.
– Make the computer system convenient to use.
– Ease the solving of user problems.
– Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.
Definition
● An Operating System, or OS, is low-level software that enables a user and
higher-level application software to interact with a computer’s hardware and
the data and other programs stored on the computer

● An OS performs basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard,


sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on
the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as printers.
Where does the OS fit in?
Services provided by an OS
• Facilities for program creation
– editors, compilers, linkers, debuggers, etc.
• Program execution
– loading in memory, I/O and file initialization.
• Access to I/O and files
– deals with the specifics of I/O and file formats.
• System access
– resolves conflicts for resource contention.
– protection in access to resources and data.
Other Services
Program Execution
OS provides an environment where the user can conveniently run programs. The user does
not have to worry about memory allocation or CPU scheduling.
I/O Operations
Each program requires input and produces output. The OS hides some of the details of the
underlying hardware for such I/O. All the user sees is that the I/O has been performed,
without those details.
Communications
There are instances where processes need to communicate with each other to exchange
information. It may be between processes running on the same computer or running on
different computers. The OS provides these services to application programs, making inter-
process communication possible, and relieving the user of having to worry about how this
accomplished.
Application Programs and OS
● Operating systems provide a software platform on top of which other programs,
called application programs, can run.

● The choice of operating system, therefore, determines to a great extent the


applications a user can run.

● For example, the DOS operating system contains commands such as COPY and
RENAME for copying files and changing the names of files, respectively. The
commands are accepted and executed by a part of the operating system.

● Similarly, the UNIX operating system has commands like CP and MV to copy
and rename.
Dynamic View of System Components

A. Frank - P. Weisberg
What Operating Systems Do
• Depends on the point of view.
• Users want convenience, ease of use and good performance
– Don’t care about resource utilization.
• But a shared computer such as mainframe or minicomputer must keep all users
happy.
• Users of dedicate systems such as workstations have dedicated resources but
frequently use shared resources from servers.
• Handheld computers are resource poor, optimized for usability and battery life.
• Some computers have little or no user interface, such as embedded computers in
devices and automobiles.
Types of Operating Systems
● Batch Operating System Desktop Class
● Multiprogramming Operating • Windows
• OS X
System
• Unix/Linux
● Time-Sharing OS • Chrome OS
● Multiprocessing OS Server Class
● Distributed OS • Windows Server
● Network OS • Mac OS X Server
• Unix/Linux
● Real Time OS
Mobile Class
● Embedded OS • Android
• iOS
• Windows Phone
Types Of OS
System Software: Utilities
● Utilities augment functionality of
operating systems. Utilities includes
device drivers and Troubleshooting
capabilities.
● Utilities provide file management
capabilities such as copying, moving
or renaming a file.
● Norton Utilities includes an undelete
function that can recover deleted
files.
● Symantec and McAfee Virus
checkers add protection for all
system and data files.
Programming Languages

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