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Grade 9 Module 5

The document discusses different methods of producing electricity from various energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, water energy, and nuclear energy. It describes the basic working principles and advantages and limitations of each method.

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raja78hosur
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42 views39 pages

Grade 9 Module 5

The document discusses different methods of producing electricity from various energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, water energy, and nuclear energy. It describes the basic working principles and advantages and limitations of each method.

Uploaded by

raja78hosur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade IX- Physics module 5

• Production of electricity from various energy sources


Generating Alternating current

• Electromagnetic induction: when magnetic flux linked with the coil changes ,
an emf is induced in the coil.
AC generator
Turbine
AC generator
AC generator
PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY
FROM SOLAR ENERGY
• Solar cell: The device which converts solar energy directly into the
electricity is called a solar cell

• Solar power plant: A solar heating device used to generate electricity


from the solar energy is called solar power plant
Solar cell

• Made of semiconductor(conductivity is less than conductors and


more than insulators)
• E.g. silicon and germanium
• Conductivity increases as temperature increases or as impurity
increases.
• Sunlight when incident on an impurity added semiconductor, a P.D is
produced,
• Due to P.D current flows in the circuit.
• Each cell of area 4 sq.cm produces a P.D of nearly 0.4 V to 0.5 V and
current of 60 mA.
• Arrangement of many solar cell over a large area – solar panel
Solar cell
Solar panel
Solar panel used in roof of a house
Solar panel used for running water pumps
ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR PANELS:

 They do not require any maintenance.


 They last over a long period of time.
 Their running cost is almost zero.
 They are most suitable for the remote
places where electric power lines cannot
be laid and do not cause any pollution in
the environment.
DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR PANELS

 The initial cost of solar panel is high.


 The efficiency of conversion of solar energy to electricity is low.
 A solar panel produces d.c. electricity which cannot be directly
supplied for household purposes
Solar power plant

• Consist of concave reflectors with a black painted water pipes at


their focus.
• The reflectors converge the light rays of the sun to the focus , thus
the water inside the pipes starts boiling and produce steam.
• The steam rotates a steam turbine which drives a generator
producing electricity.
PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM
WIND ENERGY

 The kinetic energy of the wind is called wind energy.


 This Energy is used in a wind generator to produce electricity by making use
of a windmill (or wind turbine) to drive a wind generator.
ADVANTAGES OF USING WIND ENERGY

 It does not cause any pollution in the environment.


 It is an everlasting source.
LIMITATIONS OF USING WIND ENERGY

 The establishment cost is expensive.


 A large area of land is needed.
 The wind farms can only be established where wind blows at a speed
not less than 15 km/h.
PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM
WATER ENERGY

 The kinetic energy possessed by the flowing water is called the water
(or hydro) energy.
 The electricity obtained by hydro energy is called Hydroelectric
power.
ADVANTAGES OF USING WATER ENERGY

 It does not cause any pollution in the environment.


 The dams constructed over rivers helps in irrigation and control of
floods.
LIMITATIONS OF USING WATER ENERGY

 The flowing water is not always available.


 The ecological balance in the downstream areas of rivers gets
disturbed.
 Due to construction of dams over the rivers, plants and animals of
that place get destroyed or killed.
PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM
NUCLEAR ENERGY

 When a heavy nucleus is bombarded with slow neutrons,

it splits into two nearly equal light nuclei with the release

of a tremendous amount of energy. This process is called

nuclear fission.
 The electricity is produced by a controlled chain reaction

of nuclear fission of a radioactive substance in a set up

called nuclear power plant.


ADVANTAGES OF USING NUCLEAR
ENERGY

 A very small amount of nuclear fuel can produce a tremendous

amount of energy.

 If the nuclear fuel is loaded into a nuclear power plant, it continues to

release energy for many years.


LIMITATIONS OF USING NUCLEAR
ENERGY

 Harmful radiations are produced in the process.

 The waste obtained causes environmental pollution.


Energy degradation

• Gradual decrease of useful energy due to radiation loss , friction etc is


called degradation of energy.
examples
• When we run a vehicle.
• When we use electrical appliances
• When we cook food
• When we use machines
• In transmission of electricity from power generating stations.
In all these cases the total energy in the input is not utilized completely for the
purpose, most of the energy is lost in the form of heat and friction.
Judicious use of energy
• Use fossil fuel only when necessary.
• Don’t waste energy.
• Encourage afforestation, stop deforestation.
• Use energy in groups.
• Use biomass energy in rural areas.
Thank you

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