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Project Implementation and Closure

The document discusses project management and related topics. It defines management and project management, and explains factors for project success. It also outlines common project life cycles and the importance of systems thinking in project management.

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Abdisen Tefera
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views

Project Implementation and Closure

The document discusses project management and related topics. It defines management and project management, and explains factors for project success. It also outlines common project life cycles and the importance of systems thinking in project management.

Uploaded by

Abdisen Tefera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project Management

Mengistu D. (Assistant Professor)


0912239422/0922318597
[email protected]
Lecture contents
At the end of this chapter, the students will be able
to:
1. Explain what is management?
2. Understand what Project management mean;
3. Understand Project success factors;
4. Explain the project life cycle;
5. Explain systems thinking in project management.
What is management?
What is management?
• Management is “the art of getting things done
through people”.
• What does this definition imply?
 Mangers are not required perform each
to themselves. task
 They achieve organizational
goals by to
others arranging for whatever tasks may
perform
be necessary.
What is management….
• Management is a process of:
 planning,
organizing
Implementing, and
controlling the organizational members
and resources to achieve organizational
goals.
• Process is a systematic way of doing things.
. Project Management
• Project management is the process of:
 planning,
 organization,
 directing and controlling of
organizational resources to achieve organizational
objectives.
. Project Management…
• Successful project management can
defined be having achieved
as the project
objective:
 Within time-frame.
 Within cost.
 At the desired performance.
 While utilizing the assigned resources
effectively and efficiently.
Project Management…
. Project success factors
 Stakeholder involvement
 Executive management support
 Clear statement of requirements
 Proper planning
 Realistic expectations
 Smaller project milestones
 Competent staff
 Ownership
 Clear vision and objectives
 Hard working and focused staff
The triple constraint

Quality
Project Life Cycle
• Definition: project life cycle refers to
the various stages through which a project
passes time of its
from inceptions to
implementation up and its
objectives. realization of
• There are many models which differ thein
their perspective, emphasis and level of
detail.
Project Life…
• But, there are main features of project
life cycles which are common for all models.
 information gathering
 analyzing the information
 decision making

19
Project Life…
 The Most common Models are:
1. The Baum Cycle
2.New Project Cycle
3.UNIDO Project Life Cycle

20
The Baum Cycle (World Bank 1970)

• It is a traditional approach.
• It included four major components in linear
progression:
 identification → preparation → appraisal →
implementation .
• Emphasis top down approaches to
development project planning.
• In 1978 Baum revised his formulation of the
project cycle and included a fifth
component, evaluation.

21
1. The Baum Cycle…
Identification

Preparation
Evaluation

Implementation

Appraisal

22
1. The Baum Cycle…
 Community participation in all aspects of s
project was marginalized.
 Individuals were considered as mere
recipients of orders and benefits,
 The projects were facing implementation
problems, and could not be sustained, if
ever implemented as planned.

23
2. New Project Cycle
• During 1994 the World Bank changed its approach:
 from top down planning to bottom up,
 emphasized the need for beneficiary
participation in project planning.
• But, what level of beneficiary participation
is required?
• According to the new project cycle (World Bank
1994), project cycles have four phases:
 Listening to the stakeholders
 Piloting the project
 Demonstrating
 Mainstreaming the project

24
3. UNIDO Approach
1. Pre –investment phase
The major activities are:
• Identification of investment opportunities ( opportunity studies )
• Analysis of project alternatives and preliminary project selection
• Project preparation (pre feasibility and feasibility studies).
• Project appraisal and investment decision (appraisal report)
2. Investment phase
The major activities are:
• Negotiation and contracting
• Engineering design
• Construction
• Production marketing
• Training
• Commissioning and start up
3. Operational phase
The major activities are:
• Expansion and innovation
• Replacement and rehabilitation
25
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3. UNIDO Approach…
• The diagrams are oversimplified, in reality, the cycles and
the stages are not discrete but continuous and iterative.
• There is a possibility of referring back and forth.
• there are several activities undertaken in more than one
phase and the transfer is very slow and gradual.
• The output of the first cycle can be considered as input
of the next cycle and help as feedback to consider the
former one.
• All phases of the project cycle lend themselves
important consultancy from different disciplines and
expertise.
• Not all projects should necessarily pass through all
stages described in the diagram.

27
. System Thinking in Project Managements

• Project management is involved with complex


problems,
• Requires, applications of project management
techniques/methods:
System Thinking in Project ….

• System thinking can bring about the following benefits:


 Inspire innovation employees;
 Identify and manage risks;
 Improved communication and reduced business silos;
 Higher awareness of greater business objectives;
 Lead to products, services and results that are well-
designed;
 Allow faster response to rapid changes; and
 Improved leadership skills.
THANK YOU

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