Educ 8 Ability and Disability

Ability and
Disability as a
Dimension of
Diversity
-KAREN MATURAN
Dig in Deeper !!
Dig in Deeper !!
Learning Objectives
At the end of the discussion , students will be able to:
a. analyze the impact of ability and disability as dimensions of diversity on

individuals, communities and education.
b. appreciate the value of special needs education by expressing ideas and
sharing experiences in class
c. create a poster that demonstrate the impact and importance of
acknowledging, respecting and tolerating diversity .
DIVERSITY
The limitless domains of an
individual's unique characteristics,
experiences, and capabilities. It
encompasses respect and tolerance
of differences that enables a
celebration of uniqueness.
ABILITY
• It refers to the
possession of the
qualities required to do
something; necessary
skill or competence, or
power.
-COL L INS ENGL IS H DICTIONARY

DISABILITY
• umbrella term for impairments,
activity limitations, and
participation restrictions,
referring to the negative aspects
of the interaction between an
individual and that individual's
contextual factors. -WORL D HEALTH ORGANIZATI ON
PERSON WITH
DISABILITY
• A person who has a
physical or mental
impairment that
substantially limits one or
-THE AMERI CAN DI S ABIL ITI ES
more major life activity.
ACT OF 1990 (ADA)
• This includes people who have
a record of such an
impairment, even if they do
not currently have a disability.
It also includes individuals
who do not have a disability
but are regarded as having a
disability."
• -Disabilities may affect one's
senses or one's mobility; they
may be static or progressive,
congenital or acquired, formal
or functional, visible or
invisible" (Couser 2005).
DILEMMA OF DIVERSITY
• In this age of fast paced
development where diversity
plays a unique role, there are
still challenges that confront a
lot of people who have been
identified as "different.”
• In more workplaces, there are systems and processes put into
place to intentionally promote diversity.
• Diverse ways of thinking and doing things bring in creativity and

productivity. Innovative thinking and collaboration are
encouraged when different people work to come up with
solutions to problems or challenges.
• In schools, diversity is the best way to teach
what it means to be tolerant and respectful of
each other's differences.
• In government, the acknowledgment that
diversity is an integral component of
community equates to laws and policies
being passed to look out for the welfare of
people of diverse cultures and backgrounds.
SPECIAL NEEDS
EDUCATION
• The action or process of teaching someone
especially in a school, college or
university". People typically go through
this teaching-learning process following a
particular sequence.
-Merriam-Webster Online
p
educated at home
R
-Preschool
O
-elementary
C -Secondary
E -Tertiary
S - Higher Academic
S Degrees
“The real goal of education is
becoming- becoming a 'good
person' and becoming a more
capable person than when you
started."
-Prensky (2014)
William Butler Yeats
"education is not the filling of a pail, but
the lighting of a fire"
Four Aspect of Learning:
*Learning in order to know
*Learning in order to do,
* Learning so we can live
harmoniously with others,
* Learning in order to be.
THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION OF
INTELLIGENCE
• Those at the extremes would either possess exceptionally high
capabilities or extremely low skill levels.
• Either way, the fact remains: teaching strategies that normally work
with the average population will not work the same with those at the
extremes. The students would not be able to learn as fast, as much,
and as well as most.
What is Special (Kauffman & Hallahan 2005)
Education?
-An attempt to increase the fairness of
universal public education for exceptional
learners because there are "those with
special difficulties or extraordinary
abilities in learning."
Essence of Special (Thomas & Loxley 2001)
Education?
-To educate a certain population
of students, particularly those at
the tail ends of a normal
statistical distribution of
performance.
INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
• Inclusive education is an
educational practice that places
students with disabilities in the
general education classroom along
with typically developing children
under the supervision and guidance
of a general education teacher
-(Del Corro-Tiangco 2014.)

In as early as 1948, there have already been worldwide
declarations on children and their right to be educated first we
have,
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948;
• United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989
• 1990 – Education for All

• UN Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with
Disabilities (1993)
• The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs
Education (1994).
• These ground breaking directives eventually formed the foundation for other
initiatives: the World Education Forum Framework for Action and the Millennium
Summit of the United Nations, both of which happened in 2000; the EFA Flagship
on the Right to Education for PWDs in 2001, the UN Disability Convention in
2005; the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006; and
the Education 2030 Framework for Action following the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development.
The Guidelines for Inclusion (2005) published by UNESCO enumerates four key elements:
• (1) that inclusion is a process, that is, "a never-ending search to find better ways to
respond to diversity,"
• (2) that inclusion involves a preventive dimension, specifically in identifying and

removing potential barriers to this process through "collecting, collating, and
evaluating information" for improving policy and practice,
• (3) that inclusion is all about the "presence, participation, and achievement" or
learning outcomes of all types of students; and
• (4) that inclusion puts "particular emphasis on learners who may be at risk of
marginalization, exclusion, or underachievement and therefore, they must be
consistently monitored and represented in the inclusive process .
Inclusion in Education Involves:
• A. Valuing all students and staff equally
• B. Increasing the participation of students in; and reducing their exclusion from; the cultures,
curricula, and communities of local schools
• C. Restructuring the cultures, policies, and practices in schools so that they respond to the diversity of
students in the locality
• D. Reducing barriers to learning and participation for all students, not only those with impairments or
those who are categorized as 'having special educational needs'
• E. Learning from attempts to overcome barriers to the access and participation of particular students
to make changes for the benefit of students more widely
• F. Viewing the difference between students as resources to support learning, rather than problems to
be overcome
Inclusion in Education Involves:
• F. Viewing the difference between students as resources to support learning, rather than
problems to be overcome
• G. Acknowledging the right of students to an education in their locality
• H. Improving schools for staff as well as for students
• 1. Emphazising the role of schools in building community and developing values, as
well as in increasing achievement
• J. Fostering mutually sustaining relationships between schools and communities
• K. Recognizing that inclusion in education is one aspect of inclusion in society.
QUESTIONS:
1.How does ability and disability impact an

individual,communities and education?
2. What do you think are the challenges faced by the students

with special needs?
3. As a future teacher, how will you appreciate the existence of

those person with disabilities? What will be your strategies to
cater the needs of diverse learners?
Evaluation:
GROUP ACTIVITY:
• Create a poster that demonstrate
the impact and importance of
acknowledging, respecting and
tolerating diversity. Choose a
presenter and explain it to the
class.
THANK
YOU!!

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Ability and

a. analyze the impact of ability and disability as dimensions of diversity on

-COL L INS ENGL IS H DICTIONARY

• Diverse ways of thinking and doing things bring in creativity and

-(Del Corro-Tiangco 2014.)

• 1990 – Education for All

• (2) that inclusion involves a preventive dimension, specifically in identifying and

1.How does ability and disability impact an

2. What do you think are the challenges faced by the students

3. As a future teacher, how will you appreciate the existence of

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