Lesson 3

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T S O F
E M E N
E L I O N
F I C T
• C•H•AP L
PRL O
AOCTTT
ERS
• SETTING
• CHARACTERS
• POINT OF VIEW
• THEME
1. PLOT
• Is the author’s arrangement of events in the
story.
• it has beginning, middle and end.
• It follows Freytag’s pyramid.

narrat i v e st a g e s:
CLIMAX FALLING
EXPOSITION RISING ACTION
ACTION • The most
• The start of intense • the events and
• The series of
the story. moment. complications begin to
conflicts and
• The situation • The readers resolve themselves.
crisis in the
before the wonder what
story that lead denouement
action starts. will happen
to the climax. • the conclusion, the
next?
untangling of events in the
story.
how to make a good
plot?
• FLASHBACK
• FORESHADOWI
NG
• conflict
FLASHBAC foreshadowing conflict
• This isKtechnique in • This is a writer’s technique • Struggle between
which the author in which the author provides two forces in the
interrupts the plot of clues or hints as to what is story.
the story to tell an • The plot revolves
going to happen later in the
incident of an earlier around this conflict.
story.
time (goes back in
time)
types of conflict
• physical
• social
physical social
• Between a character and • Between characters or
nature. between the character and
his/her society.
2. setting
• It is the place and time of the story.
• it also includes the circumstances of the

story, like weather conditions, the social
class, etc.
3. characters
• The people (animals, things,
etc. presented as people) in a
literary work.
types of
characters
• ROUND AND FLA
T
• DYNAMIC AND
STATIC
• PROTAGONIST
AND ANTAGONIST
round flat
• are complex, convincing and true to • are stereotyped, shallow and often
life characters. symbolic.
• They are described in more detail, • They have only one or two
having many different and sometimes personality traits.
even in a contradictory personality
traits.
dynamic static
• undergo some type of change and • do not change in the course of
development in the story, often the story.
because of something that happens
to them.
protagonist antagonist
• the main character in the literary • The character who opposses
work. the protagonist.
4. point of view
• The angle of the story from
which the story is told.
types of pov
• first person
• third person
first person third person pov
pov
• the story is told from the viewpoint • The story is told using
of one of the characters, using the narrator who uses third
first person pronoun “I”. person pronouns such as
“he”, “she”, “his”, “her”,
“they”.
types of
point of view
• OMNISCIENT
• LIMITED
OMNISCIENT
• OBJECTIVE
OMNISCIEN
T
The narrator has the power
to show the reader what is
happening in the minds of
the characters, feelings and
thinking.
limited
OMNISCIENT
The narrator shows us
inside the mind of one
character.
objective
The story is told as it
from a camera that
follows the characters.
Only what is said and
done is recorded.
5. theme
• Is the central idea or central
message of the story.
6. symbolism
• a symbol that represents an
idea, quality, or concept larger
than itself.
Test I. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
1. Symbolism represents an idea, quality, or concept larger than
itself.
2. Objective is the central idea or central message of the story.
3. There are four elements of plot.
4. Foreshadowing is a writer’s technique in which the author
provides clues or hints as to what is going to happen later in the
story.
5. Setting refers to the place and time of the story.
Test II.IDENTIFICATION
1. It is the start of the story.
2. This is a conflict between characters or between the
character and his/her society.
3. The narrator has the power to show the reader what
is happening in the minds of the characters, feelings
and thinking.
4. the story is told from the viewpoint of one of the
characters, using the first person pronoun “I”.
5. It does not change in the course of the story.

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m b l e d

• it has beginning, middle and end.

• It follows Freytag’s pyramid.

• it also includes the circumstances of the

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