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Memory

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Dipesh SAPKOTA
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19 views

Memory

Uploaded by

Dipesh SAPKOTA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Memory

Introduction to Memory
• Computer memory, device that is used to store data or programs (sequences of
instructions) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in an electronic digital
computer.
Memory

Primary Secondary
Memory Memory

Register Cache RAM ROM Magnetic Magnetic Optical Flash


Memory Tape Disk Disk Memory

SRAM PROM Floppy Disk CD-ROM Pen Drive


DRAM EPROM Hard Disk CR-D/W Memory
EEPROM DVD Card
VCD
Primary Memory:
• The primary memory of computer is also known as main memory of
computer.
• It is fast and less capacity memory of the computer.
• The primary memories of computer are ROM, RAM, Cache Memory
and Registers etc.
• Primary memory are mainly used to store data and instructions during
a time of processing.
• These memories have great effect on processing speed of computer.
Primary Memory:
Primary memories are:
1. Random Access Memory (RAM)
2. Read Only Memory (ROM)
3. Cache Memory
4. Register
Random Access Memory:
• Random Access Memory is abbreviated as RAM.
• RAM gives applications a place to store and access data on a short-
term basis.
• It stores the information when your computer is actively using so that
it can be accessed quickly.
• Computer random access memory (RAM) is one of the most important
components in determining your system's performance.
• It is a volatile memory that means the information is lost after the
power is switched off.
Types of RAM:
1. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM):
In DRAM, the stored data will be lost after a few milliseconds
even if the computer is in ON state. So, to prevent data loss, a refreshing
circuit is required. It is cheaper but slower to read/write than SRAM. It
stores data in the form of charge. It is popularly used at present.
2. Static Random Access Memory (SRAM):
SRAM stores data and programs as long as the computer is ON
state. It is expensive but faster to read/write than DRAM. It stores data
in the form of voltage. It is rarely used at present due to expensive costs
and limited storage capacity.
Differentiate between DRAM and SRAM:
Read Only Memory:
• Read Only Memory is abbreviated as ROM.
• It can be used only to perform the read operation, it does not have
writing capabilities.
• It is non-volatile memory that means the information stored in it is
permanent and is not lost even if the power supply is cut down.
• It is used for permanent storage of programs.
• ROM is cheaper than RAM.
Types of ROM:
1. Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM):
PROM is a programmable ROM. It is once programmable i.e. the user can
write data in a PROM only once. User can store permanent programs, data or any
kind of information in a PROM. Special equipment called ROM Programmer or
ROM burner is available for storing data in PROM.

2. Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM):


The data stored in EPROM can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet (UV)
light. When an EPROM is exposed to UV light, the entire data are erased. It is
used to store programs, which are permanent but need frequent updating. It is
usually reprogrammed without removing it from the circuit board. It is far more
economical than PROM as it can be reused.
3. Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM):
It can be erased and reprogrammed on the byte by byte basis.
Either a single byte or the entire chip can be erased in on operation. It
requires a much shorter time, a few milliseconds for erasing as
compared to EPROM. It need not be removed from the circuit board for
erasing as EPROM.
Differentiate between RAM and ROM:
3. Cache Memory:
Cache memory, also called cache, supplementary memory system that
temporarily stores frequently used instructions and data for quicker
processing by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. Cache holds
a copy of only the most frequently used information or program codes
stored in the main memory.
Features of Cache Memory:
• Cache memory is faster than main memory.
• It consumes less access time as compared to main memory.
• It stores the program that can be executed within a short period of time.
• It stores data for temporary use.
Block Diagram of Cache Memory:
4. Register:
• Registers are small amounts of high-speed memory contained within
the CPU. They are used by the processor to store small amounts of
data that are needed during processing.
• The register within CPU are special purpose temporary storage
location.
• The storage capacity of registers is small.

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