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The document discusses bounded sequences. It defines bounded sequences as sequences that are bounded above and below by some real numbers. It describes types of bounded sequences including bounded above, bounded below, and bounded sequences. It presents a theorem that a sequence is bounded if and only if the absolute values of its terms are bounded by a real number.

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Pawan Verma
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101 views9 pages

Maths

The document discusses bounded sequences. It defines bounded sequences as sequences that are bounded above and below by some real numbers. It describes types of bounded sequences including bounded above, bounded below, and bounded sequences. It presents a theorem that a sequence is bounded if and only if the absolute values of its terms are bounded by a real number.

Uploaded by

Pawan Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS :- BSC CS (2ND YEAR)

SUBJECT :- CALCULAS AND PARTIAL


DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

TOPIC :- BOUNDED SEQUENCE

Rala, Bhairunda
466331

PRESENTED BY PAVAN VERMA

SUBMITTED TO MRS. PRATIMA MUKATI


OUTLINE :-

• Introduction to Sequence
• Bounded Sequence
• Types Of Bounded Sequence
• Theorem
Intoduction to Sequence

A sequence of real numbers is a function from the set N of natural


numbers to the set R of real numbers. If f : N → R is a sequence,
and if an = f(n) for n ∈ N, then we write the sequence f as (an) or
(a1, a2, . . .).

A sequence of real numbers is also called a real sequence.


Bounded Sequence

A sequence is said to be bounded if it is both bounded above

and bounded below; that is, a sequence {S n} ∞n=1 is called

bounded if there are two real numbers M and m such that

m ≤ sn ≤ M ∀ n ∈ N.
Types Of Bounded Sequence

1. Bounded above sequence


Definition.
Asequence {sn }n = 1 ∞ is called bounded above
sequence if there is a real number M such that
sn ≤ M ∀ n ∈ N
and M is called an upper bound of the sequence {sn }.
Types Of Bounded Sequence

2. Bounded Below sequence


Definition.
Asequence {sn }n = 1 ∞ is called bounded below
sequence if there is a real number m such that
m ≤ sn ∀ n ∈ N
and m is called a lower bound of the sequence {sn } ∞n = 1.
Theorem 1:
A sequence of real numbers { sn } is bounded if and only if there exists a real number K
such that
|sn| ≤ K ∀ n ∈ N.
Proof:
let {sn }n = 1 ∞ be a bounded sequence of real numbers. Then it will be bounded above and
bounded below sequence. Therefore, there exist two real numbers m and M such that

m ≤ |sn| ≤ M ∀ n ∈ N ….(1)

Let K = max {|m | , M }, then it is clear that


M ≤ K and | m | ≤ K ....(2)

Since – m ≤ |m| , so that


-m ≤ K
=> -K ≤ m .…(3)
Theorem 1:
Hence from (1), (2) and (3), we have

- K ≤ m ≤ m ≤ sn ≤ M ≤ K ∀ n ∈ N

i.e. , - K ≤ sn ≤ K ∀ n ∈ N

From the above inequalities it is clear that { sn } ∞ n = 1 is a bounded above and

below sequence whose lower and upper bounds are - K and K respec-

tively. Hence {sn } ∞ n = 1 is a bounded sequence.


THANKYOU

Any Question ?

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