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Normal Probability Distribution and Sampling Distribution

The document discusses the normal probability distribution and its properties like being symmetrical and having the mean equal to the median and mode. It provides examples of calculating probabilities for a normal distribution and the standard normal distribution. It also discusses sampling distributions and calculating probabilities for sample means.

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shawnray1222
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15 views

Normal Probability Distribution and Sampling Distribution

The document discusses the normal probability distribution and its properties like being symmetrical and having the mean equal to the median and mode. It provides examples of calculating probabilities for a normal distribution and the standard normal distribution. It also discusses sampling distributions and calculating probabilities for sample means.

Uploaded by

shawnray1222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normal Probability Distribution

and Sampling Distribution


Normal Probability Distribution

 Normal probability distribution has been used in a


wide variety of applications including:

• Heights of people • Test scores


• Time • A person’s age
The Normal Distribution

is a ‘Bell Shaped’ distribution f(x)

Properties:
 Symmetrical
 Mean=median=mode

μ x

Mean
= Median
= Mode
The highest point on the normal curve is at the
mean, which is also the median and mode.

Mean = Median = Mode


Probabilities for the normal random variable are
given by areas under the curve. The total area
under the curve is 1 (0.5 to the left of the mean and
0.5 to the right).

0.5 0.5 x

Mean = Median = Mode


The Standard Normal Distribution

• Also known as the “z” distribution


• A Standard normal distribution has a mean
0 and standard deviation of 1
• Any normal distribution can be transformed
into the standard normal distribution (z) by:
x μ
z
σ
Areas under the Normal Curve

• Example: If Z = 1.96,
0.4750
then
P(0<Z<1.96) = 0.475
Z 0 1.96

z 0.00 0.01 … 0.06 ... 0.09


0.0 0.0000 0.0040 … 0.0239 … 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 … 0.0636 … 0.0753
: : : … : … :
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 … 0.4750 … 0.4767
: : : … : … :
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 … 0.4989 … 0.4990
 Example:

The amount of time taken to serve a randomly


selected customer has a normal distribution with a
mean of 15 minutes ( = 15) and a standard deviation
of 5 minutes ( = 5).

Find the probability that the time to serve a


customer

a. will exceed 20 minutes?


b. will be less than 18 minutes?
c. will be between 12 to 25 minutes?
d. will be between 21 to 24 minutes?
Let X be the time to serve a customer.
Probability that the service time will exceed 20 minutes, P(X > 20)

  15,  5
 20  15 
a. P  X  20   PZ  
 5 
= P  Z  1
= 0.5  P  0  Z  1
= 0.5  0.3413
= 0.1587
To find P(0 < Z < 1)

10
Let X be the time to serve a customer.
Probability that the service time will be less than 18 minutes, P(X < 18)

  15,  5
 18  15 
b. P  X  18   PZ  
 5 
= P  Z  0.6 
= 0.5  P  0  Z  0.6 
= 0.5 + 0.2257
= 0.7257
To find P(0 < Z < 0.6)

12
Let X be the time to serve a customer.
Probability that the service time will be between 12 and 25 minutes,
P(12 < X < 25)

  15,  5
 12  15 25  15 
c. P 12  X  25   P  Z 
 5 5 
= P  0.6  Z  2 
= P  0.6  Z  0   P  0  Z  2
= P 0  Z  0.6   P  0  Z  2 
= 0.2257 + 0.4772
= 0.7029
To find P(0 < Z < 0.6)

14
To find P(0 < Z < 2)

15
Let X be the time to serve a customer.
Probability that the service time will be between 21 and 24 minutes,
P(21 < X < 24)

  15,  5

 21  15 24  15 
d. P  21  X  24   P  Z 
 5 5 
= P 1.2  Z  1.8 
= P 0  Z  1.8   P  0  Z  1.2 
= 0.4641  0.3849
= 0.0792
To find P(0 < Z < 1.8)

17
To find P(0 < Z < 1.2)

18
Sampling Distribution
Z-value for Sampling Distribution of the
sample mean, x
z-value for the sampling distribution is:

(x  μ)
z
σ
n

where: x = sample mean


μ = population mean
σ = population standard deviation
n = sample size
Finding the probability of a sampling distribution

Example:

The length of time per week that college students spend


studying is normally distributed with a mean of 2.5 hours (
= 2.5) and a standard deviation of 1.5 hours ( = 1.5).

Find the probability that the mean time spent studying per
week for a random sample of 15 students (n = 15) would
be less than 3 hours.
Let X be the sample mean.
Probability that the sample mean will be less than 3, P( X < 3)

  2.5,   1.5, n = 15
 
 3  2.5 
P  X  3  P  Z  
 1.5 
 
 15 
= P  Z  1.29 
= 0.5  P  0  Z  1.29 
= 0.5 + 0.4015
= 0.9015
To find P(0 < Z < 1.29)

23

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