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Psychological

Impact of Sexual

Assault
Sarah Javed 1464
VICTIM VS PHYSICAL, ACADEMIC QUALITY OF EMOTIONAL
SURVIVOR? SOCIAL, IMPACT LIFE REACTIONS
EMOTIONAL, Difficulty sleeplessness, PTSD, shame,
concentrating, missing nightmares, social helplessness, anger,
ECONOMIC, classes, falling behind
in their studies,
isolation, flashbacks,
and feelings of
depression.

ACADEMIC withdrawing from insecurity.


school/college, and
LOSS having fear of people
finding out about the
assault.

Reactions to Sexual Assault


PTSD Rates
3 MONTHS AFTER
LEADING THE WAY THE ASSAULT
47%
• PTSD rates are higher post-sexual
assault compared to nonsexual
assault. SHORTLY AFTER
• Victims are more likely to develop THE ASSAULT 16.5%
PTSD when attacked by strangers 94% 17 YEARS AFTER
versus non-stranger assaults. THE ASSAULT
• Increased risk of suicide among
rape victims.
Forensic Psychologists' Role
Role Purpose
Assessment Evaluate the victim's suffering, responses, and reactions.
Consider the victim's cultural and ethnicity and its perception of sexual assault.
Utilize rating scales and psychological inventories to document the level of trauma.

Treatment Provide psychotherapy to victims of sexual assault.

Expert testimony Provide expert witness testimony in criminal and civil cases.
Testify in support of victim's claim for damages in civil cases.
Testify in support of severe emotional injuries (e.g., PTSD).
Online Sexual Solicitation

Internet Victimization
Internet
Victimization
• Most Internet-initiated sex crimes involve
adult men and underage teenagers.
• Even if encounters are "consensual"
between the two parties, it is still considered
statutory rape.
• Many online solicitors are not dangerous,
but some engage in criminal activities.
• Commercial sexual exploitation of
children and youth:

Offering
Circulating Luring
children to
pornographic children for
others for
images of purposes of
sexual
children sex
purposes
3RD LEADING CRIMINAL
It's one of the fastest-growing and possibly the most
ENTERPRISE
lucrative criminal enterprise worldwide

DEFINITION
Human trafficking is the economic exploitation of an
individual through force, fraud, or coercion

SCOPE OF TRAFFICKING

Human
Diverse areas are affected, highlighting the pervasive
nature of human trafficking.

EXPLOITATION VS.
Trafficking: A Victims don't need to be literally transported; trafficking
MOVEMENT
is defined by exploitation, not movement.

Global Crisis CHALLENGES IN ESTIMATING


Lack of a uniform system for collecting data, covert
VICTIMS
nature of trafficking, and fear of retribution contribute
to challenges

GLOBAL ESTIMATES
Approximately 20.9 million people worldwide are
victims of human trafficking. Many of which are
children.
Child and Adolescent Sex Trafficking
WOMEN AND GIRLS

DEFINITION: Mostly between ages


12 and 16, but can be
as young as 7 or 10.
• "Child sex trafficking is the act of
recruitment, transportation, transfer,
harboring, or receipt of a child for the
purpose of exploitation..."
MEN AND BOYS
 Sexual exploitation is the most homeless boys who
self-identify as gay or
lucrative form of human trafficking. Transsexual.
 Victims come from various regions,
including Africa, Asia, Central and RUNAWAY/
South America, Eastern Europe, THROWAWAY
CHILDREN
Mexico, and Canada.
DEPRESSION SHAME, LOW SLEEP
AND ANXIETY SELF-ESTEEM HOPELESSNESS. DISORDERS

PHYSICAL SEXUALLY OTHER HEALTH


PTSD INJURIES TRANSMITTED CONCERNS
DISEASES

Psychological Effects on CSEC Victims


Complex PTSD in
CSEC Victims
• Accumulation of traumatic events
leads to Complex PTSD.
• Encompasses relationships,
emotions, behavioral, and cognitive
domains.
• Pervasive and complicated form of
PTSD.
• Victims may be subjected to
various forms of abuse, Eg.
Gagged, stripped, kept naked,
drugged, burned, or undergo
genital mutilation.
• Extended periods of abuse and
exploitation lead to the
development of CPTSD.
Childhood Background and Vulnerability

• 85% of CSEC victims may have experienced abuse or neglect at


home.
• Frequently from households with substance abuse, domestic VULNERABLE
GROUPS
violence, poverty.
• Runaway youth engaging in "survival
sex" for basic needs.
• LGBTQ+ youth facing stigma and
isolation, at greater risk for
homelessness.

POVERTY AND
TRAFFICKING

• Dire poverty leading to families


selling children to traffickers for
survival.
• Exploitation of gender inequality
and discrimination.
Psychological
Services
• Limited research on psychological services
for victims of sexual exploitation
• Comprehensive assessment is crucial for
effective intervention
• Affected children may not be able to talk
about their experiences.

• The comprehensive assessment process


should capture two domains of the
victim’s life:

The victim's
cultural,
The trafficking
social, and
experience
family
environment.
Stage 1:
Vulnerabilities

Stages of before
recruitment

Assessment -
Trafficking
Experience Stage 3: Trafficking
process (travel,
Stage 2:
Methods used
transportation)
in recruitment

Stage 4: Intended
category of
exploitation
Assesment
• Victim's narrative of self (strengths &
weaknesses)
• Social history of family, culture, and community
• Focus on strengths to aid recovery
• Culturally Relevant Services
• Importance of cultural competency for
assessment and treatment.
• Western approaches may not be effective
• Consider spirituality as a coping mechanism
• Various therapeutic approaches can be used to
help victims
Therapeutic Approaches

Cognitive behavioral
Individual/group therapy (CBT)
therapy

Art and Music


Drama therapy Therapy

Dance movement therapy


Trauma-informed therapy and Yoga
Thank you

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