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FGT Security Lab Guide For Fortios 72

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FortiGate Security
Lab Guide
for FortiOS
7.2
DO NOT REPRINT
© FORTINET
Fortinet Training Institute - Library

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Fortinet Product Documentation

https://docs.fortinet.com

Fortinet Knowledge Base

https://kb.fortinet.com

Fortinet Fuse User Community

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Fortinet Forums

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Fortinet Product Support

https://support.fortinet.com

FortiGuard Labs

https://www.fortiguard.com

Fortinet Training Program Information

https://www.fortinet.com/nse-training

Fortinet | Pearson VUE

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Fortinet Training Institute Helpdesk

(training questions, comments,
feedback)

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ort/home

8/30/2022
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Change Log 7
Network Topology 8
Lab 1: FortiGate Introduction 9
VM Usernames and Passwords 9
Exercise 1: Working With the CLI 10
Explore the CLI 10
Exercise 2: Generating Configuration Backups 13
Restore a Configuration From a Backup 13
Back Up and Encrypt a Configuration File 15
Restore an Encrypted Configuration Backup 16
Compare the Headers of Two Configuration Files 16
Exercise 3: Configuring Administrator Accounts 19
Configure a User Administrator Profile 19
Create an Administrator Account 20
Test the New Administrator Account 20
Restrict Administrator Access 21
Test the Restricted Access 21
Lab 2: Firewall Policies 23
Exercise 1: Creating Firewall Address Objects and Firewall Policies 27
Create Firewall Address Objects 27
Create a Firewall Policy 27
Test the Firewall Policy and View the Generated Logs 28
Exercise 2: Reordering Firewall Policies and Firewall Policy Actions 30
Create a Firewall Policy 30
Test the Reordering of a Firewall Policy 31
Exercise 3: Applying ISDB Objects as Destinations 34
Review the ISDB 34
Configure a Firewall Policy Destination as an ISDB Object 34
Test the Internet Service Firewall Policy 35
Exercise 4: Using Policy Lookup 37
Enable Existing Firewall Policies 37
Set Up and Test the Policy Lookup Criteria 37
Reorder the Firewall Policies 38
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Retest Policy Lookup After Reordering the Firewall Policies 39
Lab 3: NAT 41
Exercise 1: Configuring DNAT Settings Using a VIP 44
Create a VIP 44 Create a Firewall Policy 45 Test the VIP
Firewall Policy 46 Test SNAT 47 Exercise 2: Using Dynamic NAT With IP Pools
49 Create an IP Pool 49 Edit a Firewall Policy to Use the IP Pool 50
Test Dynamic NAT With IP Pools 51 Exercise 3: Configuring Central SNAT
52 Configure a Central SNAT Policy 54 Review the
Firewall Policy 55 Test Central SNAT 56 Exercise 4:
Configuring and Testing DNAT and VIPs 58 Create DNAT
and VIPs 58 Verify the Firewall Policy Settings 59 Test DNAT and VIPs 60
Lab 4: Firewall Authentication 62 Exercise 1:
Configuring Remote Authentication 64 Configure an LDAP Server on
FortiGate 64 Assign an LDAP User Group to a Firewall Group 65 Add the Remote
User Group to the Firewall Policy 68 Authenticate and Monitor the Authentication
69 Remove the User Group From the Firewall Policy 70 Lab 5:
Log Configuration and Monitoring 72 Exercise 1:
Configuring Log Settings 75 Configure Log Settings 75 Configure
Threat Weight 77 Exercise 2: Enabling Logging on Firewall Policies
79 Enable Logging on a Firewall Policy 79 Exercise 3:
Monitoring Logs Through Email Alerts 82 Configure Email
Alerts 82 Generate Traffic 82 Generate Traffic Through FIT
82 Generate Traffic Through Nikto
84
View Email Alerts 85
Exercise 4: Viewing Logs on the FortiGate GUI 87
View Logs From the Log & Report Menu 87 View Forward Traffic Logs 87
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View Security Profile Logs 89
View and Filter IPS Logs 90 View Logs in
FortiView 91 Lab 6: Certificate Operations
93 Exercise 1: Configuring Full SSL Inspection on
Outbound Traffic 96 Configure SSL
Inspection 96 Enable SSL Inspection on a Firewall Policy
97 Install the Fortinet_CA_SSL Certificate 97 Test Full SSL
Inspection 101 Exercise 2: Configuring Full SSL Inspection on Inbound Traffic
102 Configure a Virtual IP and Firewall Policy
102 Install the Training CA Certificate 103 Configure Inbound Full SSL
Inspection 109 Lab 7: Web Filtering 114 Exercise 1:
Configuring FortiGuard Web Filtering 117 Review the
FortiGate Settings 117 Determine Web Filter Categories 118 Configure a
FortiGuard Category-Based Web Filter 120 Apply the Web Filter Profile to a Firewall
Policy 122 Test the Web Filter 123 Create a Web Rating Override 125
Test the Web Rating Override126 Exercise 2: Setting Up Web Filtering Authentication
127 Set Up the Authenticate Action 127
Define Users and Groups 128 Test the Authenticate Action 129 Lab 8:
Application Control 131 Exercise 1:
Controlling Application Traffic 134 Configure
Filter Overrides 134 Apply the Application Control Profile to the Firewall Policy
136 Test the Application Control Profile 137 Configure Application
Overrides 138 Test Application Overrides 139 View Logs
139 Exercise 2:
Controlling Application Bandwidth Usage 140 Modify the
Application Override Action 140 Configure a
Traffic Shaping Policy 141 Test Traffic
Shaping 144
Exercise 3: Implementing Application Control in NGFW Policy-Based Mode 147
Enable Policy-Based NGFW Mode 147
Configure SSL Inspection and Central SNAT Policies 147
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Configure the Security Policy and Test Application Control 149
Lab 9: Antivirus 152
Exercise 1: Using Antivirus Scanning in Proxy-Based Inspection Mode 154
Change the Antivirus Profile Inspection Mode 154
Enable the Antivirus Profile on a Firewall Policy 155
Test the Antivirus Configuration 155
Test an Alternate Download Method 156
View the Antivirus Logs 157
Enable SSL Inspection on a Firewall Policy 158
Exercise 2: Configuring Flow-Based Antivirus Scanning 160
Change the Antivirus Profile Inspection Mode 160
Change the FortiGate Inspection Mode 161
Test the Flow-Based Antivirus Profile 161
View the Antivirus Logs 163
Test the Machine learning (AI) scan 163
Lab 10: IPS and DoS 166
Exercise 1: Blocking Known Exploits 168
Configure IPS Inspection 168
Apply an IPS Sensor to a VIP Firewall Policy 169
Generate Attacks From the Linux Server 172
Monitor the IPS 172
Exercise 2: Using Rate-Based IPS Signatures 174
Apply Rate-Based Signatures 174
Test the Rate-Based Signature 175
Exercise 3: Mitigating a DoS Attack 178
Create a DoS Policy 178
Test the DoS Policy 179
Lab 11: Security Fabric 181
Exercise 1: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate and ISFW 186
Configure FortiAnalyzer Logging on Local-FortiGate (Root) 186
Configure the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate (Root) 187
Configure the Security Fabric on ISFW 189
Authorize ISFW (Downstream) on Local-FortiGate (Root) 191
Check the Security Fabric Deployment Result 192
Exercise 2: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate and Remote-
FortiGate 194
Configure the Security Fabric on Remote-FortiGate (Downstream)
194 Authorize Remote-FortiGate (Downstream) on Local-FortiGate (Root) 195
Check the Security Fabric Deployment Result 196 Exercise 3: Running the
Security Rating 199 Run the Security Rating on the Local-
FortiGate (Root) 199
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Change Log
This table includes updates to the FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab Guide dated 6/13/2022 to the updated
document version dated 8/30/2022.

Change Location

Updated SSL inspection on Inbound traffic Lab 6 exercise 2

Various formatting fixes Entire guide

Fixed step based on latest Firefox version Lab 6 exercise 1 and 2

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Network Topology

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Lab 1: FortiGate
Introduction
In this lab, you will learn about FortiGate administration through the CLI and GUI. You will also back up
and restore a configuration file, as well as create a new administrator account and modify administrator
access permissions.

Objectives
 Access the FortiGate CLI
 Back up and restore configuration files
 Locate the FortiGate model and FortiOS firmware build in a configuration
 file Create a new administrator user
 Restrict administrator access

Time to Complete
Estimated: 25 minutes

VM Usernames and Passwords

VM Username Password

Local-Client Administrator password

Remote-Client Administrator password

Local-FortiGate admin password

Remote-FortiGate admin password

ISFW admin password

FortiAnalyzer admin password

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 9

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Exercise 1: Working With the
CLI
In this exercise, you will access a FortiGate using the CLI.

Explore the CLI

You will become familiar with the FortiGate CLI.

To explore the CLI

1. Go to the Local-FortiGate CLI.
2. At the login prompt, type admin.
3. In the Password field, type password, and then press Enter.
4. Enter the following command:
get system status

This command displays basic status information about FortiGate. The output includes the FortiGate
device serial number, operation mode, and so on. When the More prompt appears on the CLI, perform
one of the following actions:

Action Command

To continue scrolling Press the space bar.

To scroll one line at a time Press Enter.

To exit Type q.

5. Enter the following command:

get ?

The ? character is not displayed on the

screen.

This command shows all options that the CLI will accept after the # get command. Depending on
the command, you may need to enter additional words to completely specify a configuration option.

6. Press the up arrow key.

This displays the previous get system status command.

7. Try some of the control key sequences shown in the following table:

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WRorEkinPg WRithIthNe CTLI

Previous command Up arrow

Next command Down arrow

Beginning of line Ctrl + a

End of line Ctrl + e

Back one word Ctrl + b

Forward one word Ctrl + f

Delete current character Ctrl + d

Clear screen Ctrl + l

Abort command and exit Ctrl + c

Auto repeat history Ctrl + p

8. Enter the following command:

execute ?

This command lists all options that the CLI accepts after the execute command.

9. Type exe, and then press the Tab key.

Notice that the CLI completes the current word.

10. Press the space bar, and then press the Tab key three times.
Each time you press the Tab key, the CLI replaces the second word with the next possible option for the
execute command, in alphabetical order.

You can abbreviate most commands. In lessons and labs, many of the
commands that you see are in abbreviated form. For example, instead of typing
execute, you can type exe.

Use this technique to reduce the number of keystrokes that are required to enter a
command. Often, experts can configure FortiGate faster using the CLI than using
the GUI.

If there are other commands that start with the same characters, your
abbreviation must be long enough to be specific, so that FortiGate can
distinguish them.
Otherwise, the CLI displays an error message about ambiguous commands.

11. On a new line, enter the following command to view the port3 interface configuration (hint: try using the
shortcuts you just learned about):
show system interface port3

12. Enter the following command:

show full-configuration system interface port3

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RCLIEPRINT CLI

Compare both outputs. How are they different?

The show full-configuration command displays all the configuration settings for the interface. The
show command displays only those values that are different from the default values.

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Exercise 2: Generating Configuration
Backups
In this exercise, you will learn how to generate and restore cleartext and encrypted configuration backups.
The configuration files that backups produce enable you to restore FortiGate to an earlier configuration.

Restore a Configuration From a Backup

You will restore a configuration from a backup.

To restore a configuration from a backup

1. Log in to the Local-Client VM with the username Administrator and password password.

The first time that you log in, you may need to click and drag the screen from
the bottom to bring up the login prompt.

2. On the Local-Client VM, open a browser, and then log in to the Local-FortiGate GUI at 10.0.1.254 with
the username admin and password password.

You can also access the Local-FortiGate GUI from the bookmarks bar in the
Mozilla Firefox browser.

All lab exercises were tested running Firefox on the Local-Client and Remote-Client
VMs. To get consistent results, you should use Firefox to access both the internet
and the FortiGate GUIs in this virtual environment.

3. In the upper-right corner of the screen, click admin, and then click Configuration > Restore.

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CRonfiEgurPatioRn FIrNom Ta Backup

Backups

4. Click Upload to select the backup configuration file from your local
PC.

5. Click Desktop > Resources > FortiGate-Security > Introduction > local-initial.conf, and then click
Open.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK to reboot.
After your browser uploads the configuration, FortiGate reboots automatically. This takes approximately
30– 45 seconds.

8. When the Local-FortiGate GUI login page reappears after reboot, log in with the username admin and
password
password.
9. Click Network > Interfaces, and then verify that the network interface settings were restored.

10. Click Network > Static Routes, click the + sign to expand the IPv4 routes, and then verify that the default
route was restored.

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DO ENxeOrcisTe 2: GRenEeraPtinRg Back Up and Encrypt a Configuration

CIoNnfigTuration Backups
File

Back Up and Encrypt a Configuration File

Always back up the configuration before making changes to FortiGate (even if the change seems minor or
unimportant). There is no undo. You should carefully consider the pros and cons of an encrypted backup before
you begin encrypting backups. While your configuration, including things like private keys, remains private, an
encrypted file hampers troubleshooting because Fortinet Support cannot read the file. Consider saving backups
in plaintext, and storing them in a secure place instead.

You will create an encrypted file with the backup of the FortiGate current configuration.

To save an encrypted configuration backup

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a browser, and then log in to the Local-FortiGate GUI at 10.0.1.254 with
the username admin and password password.
2. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, in the upper-right corner, click admin, and then click Configuration >
Backup.
3. On the Backup System Configuration page, enable Encryption.
4. In the Password and Confirm password fields, type fortinet.

5. Click OK.
6. Select Save File, and then click Cancel.
The Firefox browser saves the encrypted configuration file in the Downloads folder, by default. Ensure
that you record the password and store it in a secure place.

You can access downloaded files by clicking the blue down arrow in the upper-
right corner of the browser.

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DO RNesOtoreTan Exercise 2: Generating Configuration

ERncErypPtedRCoInNfiguTration Backup
Backups

Restoring from a backup enables you to return FortiGate to a previous configuration. As a word of caution, if
you cannot recall the password required to decrypt an encrypted backup, you will not be able to restore
FortiGate to the backup. Ensure that you record the password and store it in a secure place.

You will restore the configuration backup that you created in the previous procedure.

Take the Expert Challenge!

Restore the configuration from the encrypted backup.

If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Compare the Headers of Two Configuration Files on page 16.

To restore an encrypted configuration backup

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, in the upper-right corner, click admin, and then click Configuration >
Restore.
2. On the Restore System Configuration page, click Upload.
3. Browse to your Downloads folder, and then select the configuration file that you created in the
previous procedure.
4. In the Password field, type fortinet, and then click OK.
5. Click OK to confirm that you want to restore the
configuration. FortiGate reboots.

Compare the Headers of Two Configuration

Files

When you troubleshoot issues, or when you restore FortiGate to an earlier OS version or build, it is useful to
know where to find the version and build number in a configuration file. This task shows you where to find this
information.

You will open and compare two configuration files using Notepad++.

To compare the headers of two configuration files

1. On the Local-Client VM, click the Notepad++ icon.

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CIoNnfigTuration Backups
Files

2. Click File > Open, and then browse to the Downloads folder to open the encrypted configuration
file.

3. Click File > Open, and then browse to the initial configuration file:
Desktop\Resources\FortiGate-Security\Introduction\local-initial.conf

The configuration file opens in a second tab in Notepad++.

4. Compare the headers in the two files.

The following example is an encrypted file:

The following example is a cleartext

file:

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ITNwo TConfiguration Files Backups

In both the cleartext and encrypted configuration files, the top line acts as a
header, and lists the firmware and model that this configuration belongs to.

5. Close the two tabs in Notepad++, and then close the

application.

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Exercise 3: Configuring Administrator
Accounts
FortiGate offers many options for configuring administrator privileges. For example, you can specify the
IP addresses that administrators are allowed to connect from.

In this exercise, you will work with administrator profiles and administrator user accounts. An administrator
profile is a role that is assigned to an administrator user that defines what the user is permitted to do on the
FortiGate GUI and CLI.

Configure a User Administrator Profile

You will create a new user administrator profile that has read-only access for most of the configuration settings.

To configure a user administrator profile

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click System > Admin Profiles.
3. Click Create New.
4. In the Name field, type Security_Admin_Profile.
5. In the permissions table, set Security Profile to Read/Write, and then set all other permissions to Read.

6. Click OK to save the

changes.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 19

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DO CNreaOte aTn Exercise 3: Configuring Administrator

ARdmiEnisPtratRor AIcNcouTnt
Accounts

You will create a new administrator account. You will assign the account to the administrator profile you created
in the previous procedure. The administrator will have read-only access to most of the configuration settings.

To create an administrator account

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click System > Administrators.
2. Click Create New, and then click Administrator to add a new administrator account.
3. On the New Administrator page, configure the following settings:

Field Value

Username Security

Type Local User

Password fortinet

Confirm Password fortinet

Administrator Profile Security_Admin_Profile

Administrator names and passwords are case sensitive. You can't include
characters, such as < > ( ) # ", in an administrator account name

4. Click OK to save the changes.

Test the New Administrator Account

You will confirm that the new administrator account has read-write access to only the security
profiles configuration.

To test the new administrator account

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click admin, and then click Logout to log out of the admin account
GUI session.

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AIdNminTistrator Accounts

2. Log back in to the Local-FortiGate GUI with the username Security and password fortinet.
3. In the FortiGate Setup window, click Later.
4. Enable Don't show again, and then click OK to close the FortiOS introduction window.
5. Explore the permissions that are listed in the GUI.
You should see that this account can configure only security profiles.

6. Log out of the GUI.

Restrict Administrator Access

You will restrict access for FortiGate administrators. Only administrators connecting from a trusted subnet are
allowed access. This is useful if you must restrict the access points that administrators connect to FortiGate
from.

To restrict administrator access

7. On the Local-Client VM, open a browser, and then log in to the Local-FortiGate GUI with the username admin
and password password.
8. Click System > Administrators.
9. Edit the Security account.
10. Enable Restrict login to trusted hosts, and then set Trusted Host 1 to the 10.200.3.0/24address.
11. Click OK to save the changes.
12. Log out of the GUI.

Test the Restricted Access

You will verify that a Security administrator outside the 10.200.3.0/24 subnet can't access FortiGate.

To test the restricted access

13. On the Local-Client VM, log out of the Local-FortiGate GUI session as the admin user.
14. Try to log in to the Security account with the password
fortinet. Authentication will fail.

15. Log in to the Remote-Client VM with the username

Administrator and password password.
16. On the Remote-Client VM, open a browser, and then log in to the Local-FortiGate GUI at 10.200.1.1 with
the username Security and password fortinet.
FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 21
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DO TNesOt Exercise 3: Configuring Administrator

theTResRtricEtedPAcRcesIsNT
Accounts

Why were you able to log in using the admin account and not the Security account from the Local-
Client VM directly connecting to the Local-FortiGate GUI?

This is because Trusted Host is set on the Security administrator account but not on the admin
account.
5. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, log in with the username admin and password password.
6. Enter the following CLI commands to add 10.0.1.0/24 as the second trusted IP subnet (Trusted Host 2) to
the
Security administrator account:
config system admin
edit Security
set trusthost2
10.0.1.0/24
end

7. Return to the Local-Client

VM.
8. Open a browser, and then
try to log in to the Local-
FortiGate GUI at
10.0.1.254 with the
username Security
and password fortinet.
You should be able to log
in.

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Lab 2: Firewall
Policies
In this lab, you will configure firewall policies on Local-FortiGate, and then perform various tests on the
Local- Client VM to confirm that traffic is matching the appropriate firewall policies based on the
configuration.

Objectives
 Configure firewall objects and firewall policies
 Configure source and destination matching in firewall
 policies Apply service and schedule objects to a firewall
 policy Configure firewall policy logging options
 Reorder firewall policies
 Read and understand
 logs
Use policy lookup to find
a matching policy
Time to Complete
Estimated: 25 minutes

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Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore configuration files to Remote-FortiGate, ISFW, and Local-
FortiGate.

To restore the Remote-FortiGate configuration file

1. Connect to the Remote-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. In the upper-right corner of the screen, click admin, and then click Configuration > Revisions.

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment initial, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

To restore the ISFW configuration file

1. Connect to the ISFW GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. In the upper-right corner of the screen, click admin, and then click Configuration >
Revisions.

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3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment initial, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

To restore the Local-FortiGate configuration file

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. In the upper-right corner of the screen, click admin, and then click Configuration > Revisions.

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment local-firewall-policy, and then click
Revert.

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5. Click OK to reboot.

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Exercise 1: Creating Firewall Address Objects and
Firewall
Policies
In this exercise, you will configure firewall address objects. You will also configure an IPv4 firewall policy that
you will apply firewall address objects to, along with a schedule, services, and log options. Then, you will test
the firewall policy by passing traffic through it and checking the logs for your traffic.

At its core, FortiGate is a firewall, so almost everything that it does to your traffic is related to your firewall
policies.

Create Firewall Address Objects

By default, FortiGate has many preconfigured, well-known address objects in the factory default
configuration. However, if those objects don’t meet the needs of your organization, you can configure more.

To create a firewall address object

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > Addresses.
3. Click Create New > Address.
4. Field
Configure the following settings: Value

Name LOCAL_SUBNET

Type Subnet

IP/Netmask 10.0.1.0/24

Interface any

5. Click OK.

Create a Firewall Policy

First, you will disable the existing firewall policy. Then, you will create a more specific firewall policy using
the firewall address object that you created in the previous procedure. You will also select specific services
and configure log settings.

To disable an existing firewall policy

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Right-click the Full_Access firewall policy, and then in the Set Status field, select Disable.

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NOT the Firewall Policy and View the
Generated
Logs
Exercise 1: Creating Firewall Address Objects and
Firewall
Policies
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To create a firewall policy
1. Continuing in the Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy section, click Create New to add a new firewall
policy.
2. Configure the following settings:
Field Value

Name Internet_Access

Incoming Interface port3

Outgoing Interface port1

Source LOCAL_SUBNET

Destination all

Schedule always

Service ALL_ICMP, HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, SSH

Tip: Type the service name in the search box to quickly find it, and
then click the service object to add it to the policy.

Action ACCEPT

NAT <enable>

Log Allowed Traffic <enable> and select All Sessions

Generate Logs when <enable>

Session Starts

Enable this policy <enable>

3. Leave all other settings at the default values, and then click OK to save the changes.

When you create firewall policies, remember that FortiGate is a stateful firewall. As
a result, you need to create only one firewall policy that matches the direction of
the traffic that initiates the session.

Test the Firewall Policy and View the Generated Logs

Now that you configured the firewall policy, you will test it by passing traffic through it and viewing the
generated logs.

To test and view logs for a firewall policy

1. On the Local-Client VM, open several web browser tabs, and connect to several external websites, such
as:

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NOT
Exercise 1: Creating Firewall Address Objects and
Firewall
Test the Firewall Policy and View the
Generated
Logs
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 www.google.com
 kb.fortinet.com
 docs.fortinet.com
 www.bbc.com
2. Return to the browser tab with the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then click Policy & Objects > Firewall
Policy.
3. Right-click the Internet_Access policy, and then click Show Matching Logs.

4. Identify the log entries for your internet browsing traffic.

With the current settings, you should have a few log messages that have Accept: session start in the
Result
column. These are the session start logs.

When sessions close, there is a separate log entry for the amount of data that was sent and received.

Enabling Generate Logs when Session Starts in the firewall policy will generate
twice the amount of log messages. You should use this option only when this level
of detail is absolutely necessary.

When you click Show Matching Logs in the firewall policy, it adds the Policy
UUID
filter in the forward traffic logs.

5. In the Forward Traffic logs, click X to remove the Policy UUID

filter.

When you remove the Policy UUID filter, the logs are displayed unfiltered. You will use the logs in
upcoming labs.

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Exercise 2: Reordering Firewall Policies and
Firewall
Policy Actions
In the applicable interface pair section, FortiGate looks for a matching policy, beginning at the top. Usually, you
should put more specific policies at the top—otherwise, more general policies will match the traffic first, and
more granular policies will never be applied.

In this exercise, you will create a new firewall policy with more specific settings, such as the source, destination,
and service, and you will set the action to DENY. Then, you will move this firewall policy above the existing
firewall policies and observe the behavior that reordering the firewall policies creates.

Create a Firewall Policy

You will create a new firewall policy to match a specific source, destination, and service, and you will set the
action to DENY.

The firewall address LINUX_ETH1 with IP/netmask 10.200.1.254/32 is

preconfigured for you, and you will use this address when you create the firewall
policy.

Take the Expert Challenge!

Configure a firewall policy on the Local-FortiGate GUI using the following
settings:
 Name the firewall policy Block_Ping.
 Use port3 as the incoming interface and port1 as the outgoing interface.
 Block all ping traffic from the 10.0.1.0/24 subnet destined for the 10.200.1.254 address. Use
the preconfigured address objects LOCAL_SUBNET and LINUX_ETH1.
 Enable log violation traffic.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that follow.

After you have performed these steps, see Test the Reordering of a Firewall Policy on page
31.

To create a firewall policy

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy, and then click Create New.
3. Configure the following settings:

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Policy
and Firewall Policy Actions

Name Block_Ping

Incoming Interface port3

Outgoing Interface port1

Source LOCAL_SUBNET

Destination LINUX_ETH1

Schedule always

Service PING
Tip: Type the service name in the search box to quickly find it, and
then click the service object to add it to the policy.

Action DENY

Log Violation Traffic <enable>

Enable this policy <enable>

4. Click OK to save the changes.

Test the Reordering of a Firewall Policy

Now that your configuration is ready, you will test it by moving the Block_Ping firewall policy above the
Internet_ Access firewall policy. The objective is to confirm that, after you reorder the firewall policies, the
following occurs:
 Traffic is matched to a more specific firewall
 policy. The policy ID remains the same.

To confirm traffic matches a more granular firewall policy after reordering the
policies
1. On the Local-Client VM, open a terminal.
2. Ping the destination address (LINUX_ETH1) that you configured in the Block_Ping firewall policy.
ping 10.200.1.254

Stop and think!

Why are you still able to ping the destination address, even though you just configured a policy to block it?

The ping should still work because it matches the ACCEPT policy and not the DENY policy that you
created. The Block_Ping policy was never checked because the traffic matched the policy at the top
(Internet_ Access). This demonstrates the behavior that FortiGate looks for a matching policy, beginning
at the top.
3. Leave the terminal window open and running.
4. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall
Policy.

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oRf a FIiNrewTall Policy

Actions

6. Click the settings icon, scroll down to the Select Columns section, select the ID column, and then click
Apply.

The ID column appears as the last column in the table.

7. Drag the ID column to the left of the Name column, so it becomes the first column in the
table. Note the current ID values for both the Internet_Access and Block_Ping firewall
policies.

8. In the ID column, drag the Block_Ping firewall policy up, and place it above the Internet_Access firewall
policy. When you move the Block_Ping policy up, the ID value remains the same.

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Policy
and Firewall Policy Actions

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If the changes that you made are not displayed, refresh the page. Alternatively,
you can log out of the FortiGate GUI, and then log back in.

9. On the Local-Client VM, review the terminal window that is running the continuous
ping. You should see that the pings now fail.

Stop and think!

Why are the pings failing?

This demonstrates the outcome of the policy reordering. After moving the more granular policy above the
general access policy, the traffic is matched to the more granular policy and, based on the DENY action,
the traffic stops being processed.

10. Close the terminal window.

11. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Log & Report > Forward Traffic.
You should see many policy violation logs reporting the blocked
ping.

Clear the log filter that you applied in the previous

exercise.

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Exercise 3: Applying ISDB Objects as
Destinations
FortiGate can match destination traffic using address objects or internet service database (ISDB) objects.
ISDB objects are predefined entries that FortiGuard regularly updates and contain a database of IP
addresses, protocols, and port numbers that the most common internet services use.

You can use ISDB objects to allow or deny traffic to well-known internet destinations, without having to
configure the IP addresses, protocols, or ports that those destinations use in the firewall policy.

In this exercise, you will apply an ISDB object as the destination criteria in a firewall policy to block traffic to a
well- known internet service.

Review the ISDB

You will review the entries in the ISDB.

To review the ISDB

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > Internet Service Database.
3. Expand the Predefined Internet Services and IP Reputation Database sections.
4. Double-click any entry, and then click View/Edit Entries.
You can see the corresponding IP addresses, ports, and protocols that the internet service uses.

5. Click Return.

Configure a Firewall Policy Destination as an ISDB Object

You will modify an existing firewall policy and use an ISDB object as a destination.

To configure an internet service as a destination

6. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
7. Right-click the ID column for the Block_Ping firewall policy, and then click Edit.
8. Change the Name to Block_Facebook.
9. Click Destination, and then in the right pane, click LINUX_ETH1 to clear it.
10. Click Internet Service.
11. Select Facebook-Web.

Type the internet service object name in the search box to quickly find it, and then
click the object to add it to the policy.

Your configuration should look like the following example:

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ISRDBINObjTects as Destinations
Policy

When Internet Service is selected as the Destination, you

cannot:
 Use Address in the Destination
 Select Service in the firewall
policy

7. Click OK.

Test the Internet Service Firewall Policy

Now that you configured the firewall policy, you will test it by passing traffic through it.

To test the internet service firewall policy

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a few browser tabs, and go to the following
websites:
 www.facebook.com
 www.twitter.com

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SPerviRce FINirewTall Policy

Destinations

Why is Facebook blocked but Twitter is allowed?

FortiGate checks for the matching policy from top to bottom. Facebook is blocked by the ID 4 firewall
policy because the destination is set to Facebook-Web. Twitter is allowed by the ID 3 firewall policy,
which allows internet access.

2. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Log & Report > Forward Traffic.
You should see many policy violation logs that the Block_Facebook policy
reported.

3. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy, right-click the Block_Facebook
firewall policy, select Set Status, and then click Disable.

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Exercise 4: Using Policy
Lookup
FortiGate can find a matching firewall policy based on the policy lookup input criteria. The policy lookup
feature basically creates a packet flow over FortiGate without real traffic. From this packet flow, FortiGate
can extract a policy ID and highlight it on the GUI policy configuration page.

In this exercise, you will use the policy lookup feature to find a matching firewall policy based on input
criteria.

Enable Existing Firewall Policies

As required in the previous exercises, most of the configured firewall policies are currently disabled. Now, you
will enable some of the existing firewall policies.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI, enable Policy Status for the Fortinet and Full_Access firewall

policies. If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that

follow.
After you have performed these steps, see Set Up and Test the Policy Lookup Criteria on page 37.
To enable existing firewall policies
1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
3. Right-click the Fortinet firewall policy, select Set Status, and then click Enable.
4. Right-click the Full_Access firewall policy, select Set Status, and then click Enable.

Set Up and Test the Policy Lookup Criteria

You will set up the policy lookup criteria. FortiGate searches and highlights the matching firewall policy based
on your input criteria.

To set up and test the policy lookup criteria

5. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy, and then click Policy
Lookup.
6. Configure the following settings:

Field Value

Source Interface port3

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DO RNeoOrdeTr Exercise 4: Using Policy

theRFireEwaPll PRolicIieNs T
Lookup

Protocol TCP

Source 10.0.1.100

Source Port <leave this field empty>

Destination fortinet.com

Destination Port 443

3. Click Search.
The search matches the Full_Access policy, but does not match the more specific Fortinet firewall policy.

In the search criteria, the source address is set to 10.0.1.100. This source address is not included in the
Fortinet firewall policy; therefore, the search does not match the Fortinet firewall policy.

When FortiGate is performing a policy lookup, it does a series of checks on ingress,

stateful inspection, and egress for the matching firewall policy. It performs the
checks from top to bottom before it provides results for the matching policy.

4. Click Policy Lookup, and then change the Source to 10.0.1.10.

Make sure all the other settings match the settings you configured in step 2.

5. Click Search.
This time, the search matches the Fortinet firewall policy, in which the destination is set to the FQDN
address object.

Reorder the Firewall Policies

You will reorder the firewall policies. You will move the Block_Facebook firewall policy above the Full_Access
policy.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI, move the Block_Facebook firewall policy above the Full_Access

policy. If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that follow.
After you have performed these steps, see Retest Policy Lookup After Reordering the Firewall Policies
on page 39.

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PPoliRcy LIoNokuTp
Policies

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To reorder the firewall policies
1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. From the ID column, drag the Block_Facebook firewall policy above the Full_Access firewall
policy. The order of the firewall policies should match the following example:

Retest Policy Lookup After Reordering the Firewall Policies

You will retest the policy lookup feature after reordering the firewall policies.

To retest policy lookup after reordering the firewall policies

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy, and then click Policy
Lookup.
2. Configure the following settings:
Field Value

Source Interface port3

Protocol TCP

Source 10.0.1.10

Destination facebook.com

Destination Port 443

3. Click Search.

Stop and think!

Why did the search not match the more specific policy,

Block_Facebook? When FortiGate is performing a policy lookup, it skips

all disabled policies.

The search matches the Full_Access policy, but does not match the more specific Block_Facebook
policy because it is disabled.

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RAfteIrNReTordering the Firewall Policies Lookup

© FORTINET
4. Right-click the Block_Facebook firewall policy, select Set Status, and then click
Enable.
5. Click Policy Lookup.
Make sure all the settings match the settings you configured in step 2.

6. Click Search.
This time the search matches the more specific policy, Block_Facebook.

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Lab 3: NAT

You can use network address translation (NAT) to perform source NAT (SNAT) and destination NAT (DNAT)
for the traffic passing through FortiGate. There are two ways to configure SNAT and DNAT:
 Firewall policy NAT
 Central NAT
In this lab, you will examine how to configure and test firewall policy for DNAT using virtual IP (VIP), and SNAT
using IP pool. You will configure and test SNAT using the central SNAT policy, and DNAT using the DNAT
policy and VIPs.

Objectives
 Configure DNAT settings using a VIP
 Configure SNAT settings using overload IP
 pools Configure a central NAT policy for SNAT
 Configure DNAT and VIPs for DNAT

Time to Complete
Estimated: 50 minutes

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Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore a configuration file on each FortiGate.

Make sure that you restore the correct configuration on each FortiGate using
the following steps. Failure to restore the correct configuration on each
FortiGate will prevent you from doing the lab exercises.

To restore the Remote-FortiGate configuration file

3. Click + to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment initial, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

To restore the Local-FortiGate configuration file

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3. Click + to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment local-nat, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

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Exercise 1: Configuring DNAT Settings Using a
VIP
VIPs are typically used to translate external, or public, IP addresses to internal, or private, IP addresses.

In this exercise, you will examine how to configure a VIP for the Local-Client VM. Then, you will create an
egress- to-ingress firewall policy and apply the VIP. This allows internet connections to the Local-Client VM.
You will also verify the DNAT and SNAT behavior using CLI commands.

Create a VIP

For DNAT on FortiGate, you use a VIP as the destination address field of a firewall policy.

You will configure the VIP to map the Local-Client VM (10.0.1.10) to 10.200.1.200, which is part of the
port1 subnet. To refer to the lab diagram, see Network Topology on page 8.

To create a VIP
1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > Virtual IPs.
3. Click Create New, and then select Virtual IP.
4. Configure the following settings:
Field Value

Name VIP-INTERNAL-HOST

Interface port1
This port is connected to the internet with IP address 10.200.1.1/24.

External IP address/range 10.200.1.200

This IP address is in the same range as the port1 subnet.

Mapped IP address/range 10.0.1.10

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DINNATTSettings Using a VIP

Policy

5. Click OK.

Create a Firewall Policy

You will configure a new firewall policy using the VIP that you just created as the destination
address.

To create a firewall policy

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Click Create New.
3. Configure the following settings:
Field Value

Name Web-Server-Access

Incoming Interface port1

Outgoing Interface port3

Source all

Destination VIP-INTERNAL-HOST
Tip: This is listed under the VIRTUAL IP/SERVER section.

Schedule always

Service HTTP, HTTPS

Tip: In the right pane, type the name in the search box, and then
click services to add.

Action ACCEPT

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theTVIPRFirEewPall
VIP

PRolicIyNT
4. In the Firewall/Network Options section, disable NAT.
5. In the Logging Options section, enable Log Allowed Traffic, and then select All
© FORTINET Sessions.
6. Click OK.

Test the VIP Firewall Policy

Now that you have configured a firewall policy with the VIP as the destination, you can test your VIP by
accessing it from the Remote-Client VM, which is behind the Remote-FortiGate internal network. A Linux
machine acts as a router between the two FortiGate devices, and routes the traffic from the Remote-FortiGate to
the Local-FortiGate. For more information, see Network Topology on page 8.

You will also test how the source address is translated by the VIP when traffic leaves the Local-Client VM.

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DINNATTSettings Using a VIP

© FORTINET
To test VIPs (DNAT)
1. On the Remote-Client VM, open a browser, and then browse to the following
URL:
http://10.200.1.200
If the VIP operation is successful, a simple web page opens.

2. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, log in with the username admin and password password.
3. Enter the following command to check the destination NAT entries in the session table:
get system session list
The following example shows a sample output:
Local-FortiGate# get system session list
PROTO EXPIRE SOURCE SOURCE-NAT DESTINATION DESTINATION-NAT
tcp 3594 10.200.3.1:49478 - 10.200.1.200:80 10.0.1.10:80
You will notice that the destination address 10.200.1.200 is translated to 10.0.1.10, which is
the mapping you configured in the VIP.

The HTTP session may have been deleted by the time you run the get
system session list command. You can repeat steps 1–3 to generate a
new HTTP connection and, therefore, another HTTP session through Local-
FortiGate.

Test SNAT

As a result of the VIP (which is a static NAT), FortiGate uses the VIP external address as the NAT IP address
when performing SNAT for the ingress-to-egress direction of the traffic, provided the matching outgoing
firewall policy has NAT enabled. That is, FortiGate doesn't use the egress interface address.

To test SNAT
1. Return to the Local-FortiGate CLI session, and then enter the following command to clear any existing
sessions:
diagnose sys session clear

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VIP
REPRINT
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The diagnose sys session clear CLI command clears all sessions,
including the SSH session you created. This is expected behavior.

This clears the session to the Local-FortiGate from the Local-Client VM.

2. Close the Local-FortiGate CLI window.

3. On the Local-Client VM, open a few browser tabs, and connect to a few websites, such
as:
 www.fortinet.com
 www.yahoo.com
 www.bbc.com
4. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, log in with the username admin and password
password.
5. Enter the following command to view the session information:
get system session list
The following example shows a sample output:

The outgoing connections from the Local-Client VM are now translated with the
VIP address 10.200.1.200, instead of the firewall egress interface IP address
(10.200.1.1).

This is a behavior for SNAT when using a static NAT VIP. That is, when you enable NAT on a policy, the
external address of a static NAT VIP takes precedence over the destination interface IP address if the
source address of the connections matches the VIP internal address.

6. Close the Local-FortiGate CLI window.

7. Close all browser tabs except the Local-FortiGate GUI.

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Exercise 2: Using Dynamic NAT With IP
Pools
IP pools are used to translate the source address to an address from that pool, rather than the egress
interface address.

Currently, Local-FortiGate translates the source IP address of all traffic generated from the Local-Client VM to
10.200.1.200 because the internal address of the VIP matches the address of Local-Client, and the VIP is a
static NAT VIP.

In this exercise, you will examine how to create an IP pool, apply it to the ingress-to-egress firewall policy,
and verify the SNAT address using CLI commands.

Create an IP Pool

You will create an IP pool from the range of public IP addresses available on the egress port (port1).

To create an IP pool
1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > IP Pools.
3. Click Create New, and then configure the following settings:
Field Value

Name INTERNAL-HOST-EXT-IP

Type Overload

External IP address/range 10.200.1.100-10.200.1.100

4. Click OK.

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DO ENditOa FTirewRall PEoliPcy Exercise 2: Using Dynamic NAT With IP

tRo UIsNe thTe IP Pool

Pools

You will apply the IP pool to change the behavior from static NAT to dynamic NAT on the ingress-to-egress
firewall policy.

To edit the firewall policy

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Right-click the Full_Access firewall policy, and then click Edit.
3. In the Firewall / Network Options section, configure the following settings:

Field Value

NAT <enable>

IP Pool Configuration Use Dynamic IP Pool

4. Click the + sign that appeared when you clicked Use Dynamic IP Pool, and then in the right pane, click
INTERNAL-HOST-EXT-IP.
Your configuration will look similar to the following example:

5. Click OK.

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DPynRamIicNNATT With IP Pools

Now that your configuration is ready, you can test dynamic NAT with IP pools by browsing to a few external
sites on the internet. If successful, you will see that the Local-Client VM IP address (10.0.1.10) is translated to
the IP pool address of 10.200.1.100.

To test dynamic NAT with IP pools

You built the filter to match sessions sourced from 10.0.1.10. This way, when you
run the diagnose sys session clear CLI command, it clears only the
sessions sourced from 10.0.1.10. As a result, your SSH session is not
disconnected. This is why it is important to build the session filter before using the
session clear command.

3. On the Local-Client VM, open a few browser tabs, and connect to a few websites, such as:
 www.fortinet.com
 www.yahoo.com
 www.bbc.com
4. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, enter the following command to verify the SNAT address that the sessions are
using:
get system session list
The following image shows a sample output:

Notice that the SNAT address is now 10.200.1.100, as configured in the IP pool, and the IP pool
has overridden the static NAT VIP.

5. Close the Local-FortiGate CLI window.

6. Close all browser tabs except the Local-FortiGate GUI.

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Exercise 3: Configuring Central
SNAT
A central SNAT policy is applied to multiple firewall policies, based on a configured central rule.

In this exercise, you will examine how to configure a central SNAT policy and test it.

Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore a configuration for central NAT to Local-FortiGate.

Make sure to restore the correct configuration for Local-FortiGate using the
following steps. Failure to restore the correct configuration on Local-FortiGate will
prevent you from doing the lab exercise.

To restore the Local-FortiGate configuration file

3. Click + to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment local-central-nat, and then click
Revert.

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CRonEfiguPrinRg CIeNntraTl SNAT

5. Click OK to reboot.

When enabling central NAT, you must first remove VIP and IP pool references
from the existing firewall policies.

For example, if you try to enable central NAT without removing VIP and IP
pool references from the existing firewall policies, you will see the following
error:

To prevent this error from occurring during this exercise, the following changes
were made as part of the configuration restoration:
 The IP pool was removed from the Full_Access firewall policy (policy ID 1), and
the VIP address was removed from the Web-Server-Access firewall policy
(policy ID 2), because central NAT can be enabled only if none of the firewall
policies have IP pools and VIPs associated with them.
 The VIP you added in a previous exercise to test the firewall policy SNAT
was removed.
 Central NAT was enabled.
You will notice all the changes listed above after you load local-
central- nat.conf in the firewall.

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DO CNonOfiguTre Exercise 3: Configuring Central SNAT

aRCenEtraPl SNRATINPolTicy

You will configure a central SNAT policy using the IP pool you created in the previous exercise.

To review the IP pool configuration

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > IP Pools.
3. Review the settings of INTERNAL-HOST-EXT-IP.

To configure a central SNAT policy

4. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Central SNAT.
5. Click Create New, and then configure the following settings:
Field Value

Incoming Interface port3

Outgoing Interface port1

Source Address all

Destination Address all

NAT <enable>

IP Pool Configuration Use Dynamic IP Pool

Click +, and then select INTERNAL-HOST-EXT-IP.

Protocol any

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CRonEfiguPrinRg CIeNntraTl SNAT

Policy

3. Keep the default values for the remaining settings, and then click OK to save the changes.

NAT is enabled on the central SNAT policy.

If no central SNAT or matching central SNAT rule exists, FortiGate creates

the session using the original source IP address and no NAT is applied.

Review the Firewall Policy

You will review the firewall policy.

To verify that NAT is enabled on the firewall policy

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall
Policy.
2. Right-click the Full_Access firewall policy, and then click Edit.
3. Review the Firewall/Network Options of the Full_Access policy.

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SNEATPRINT

There is no option for enabling NAT or using IP pools. In central NAT mode, the
SNAT policy controls whether or not NAT is used.

4. Click Cancel.

Test Central SNAT

Now that your configuration is ready, you will test the behavior of the central SNAT policy.

To test central SNAT

1. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Enter the following commands to clear sessions sourced from 10.0.1.10:
diagnose sys session filter clear
diagnose sys session filter src 10.0.1.10
diagnose sys session clear
3. Close the Local-FortiGate CLI window.
4. On the Local-Client VM, open a few browser tabs, and
connect
 to a few websites, such as:
www.fortinet.com
 www.yahoo.com
 www.bbc.com
5. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, log in with the username admin and password password.
6. Enter the following command to verify the SNAT IP address that those sessions are
using:
get system session list

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CRonEfiguPrinRg CIeNntraTl SNAT

Notice that the SNAT address is now 10.200.1.100, which matches the IP pool configured in the
central SNAT policy.

7. Close the Local-FortiGate CLI.

8. Close all browser tabs except the Local-FortiGate GUI.

Field Value

Incoming Interface port3

Outgoing Interface port1

NAT Enabled

A central SNAT policy is processed from top to bottom, similar to firewall

policies.

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Exercise 4: Configuring and Testing DNAT and
VIPs
In firewall policy NAT, a VIP is selected in the firewall policy as the destination address. In central NAT, when
you configure DNAT and VIPs, FortiGate automatically creates a rule in the kernel to allow DNAT to occur, and
no additional configuration is required.

In this exercise, you will examine how to configure and test the behavior of central DNAT.

Create DNAT and VIPs

You will configure DNAT and VIPs.

To create DNAT and VIPs

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > DNAT & Virtual IPs.
3. Click Create New, and then select DNAT & Virtual IP.
4. Configure the following settings:

Field Value

Name Central-DNAT

Interface port1

Type Static NAT (default setting)

External IP address/range 10.200.1.150

Mapped IP address/range 10.0.1.10

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TeTsting DNAT and VIPs

Settings

5. Click OK.

Verify the Firewall Policy Settings

You will verify the firewall policy settings for the egress-to-ingress firewall policy.

To verify the firewall policy settings

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Right-click the Web-Server-Access firewall policy, and then click Edit.
3. Review the settings of the firewall policy.
4. Try to select the Central-DNAT object in the firewall Destination address.
You will not be able to do so because the Central-DNAT object is not in the
list.

In central NAT mode, you don't reference VIPs in firewall policies. As soon as you
create the VIP object, FortiGate automatically creates a rule in the kernel for DNAT
to occur.

5. Scroll to the bottom of the page, and then ensure that Enable this policy is enabled.

6. Click OK.

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DO TNesOt DNTAT Exercise 4: Configuring and Testing DNAT and

aRndEVIPPs RINT
VIPs

You will test DNAT and VIPs by accessing the Local-Client VM.

To test DNAT and VIPs

1. On the Remote-Client VM, open a browser, and then access the following URL:
http://10.200.1.150
If the VIP operation is successful, a simple web page opens.

4. On
 the Local-Client VM, open a few browser tabs, and connect to a few websites, such as:
www.fortinet.com
 www.yahoo.com
 www.bbc.com
5. Return to the Local-FortiGate CLI session, and then verify the SNAT IP address that those sessions are
using:
get system session list
The following example shows a sample output:

Notice that the SNAT address is still 10.200.1.100, as configured in the central SNAT policy using IP
pool. That is, the DNAT and VIP object you created did not override the central SNAT policy. This behavior
is similar to firewall policy NAT configured with IP pool.

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If both the central SNAT policy and DNAT and VIP object are defined, FortiGate
uses the NAT address configured in the central SNAT policy to perform SNAT.

To summarize, when you configure a VIP for a host, the following occurs in
firewall policy NAT mode:
 If the outgoing policy has NAT enabled, FortiGate uses the external
address defined in the VIP as the NAT IP.
 If the outgoing policy references an IP pool, FortiGate uses the external
address defined in the IP pool as the NAT IP.
In central NAT mode, FortiGate uses the address configured in the SNAT policy as
the NAT IP. This address can be the egress interface address or the IP pool
external address.

6. Close the Local-FortiGate CLI window.

7. Close all browser tabs except the Local-FortiGate
GUI.

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Lab 4: Firewall
Authentication
In this lab, you will examine how to configure FortiGate to communicate with a remote LDAP server for
server- based password authentication.

You will also configure a captive portal, so that users who connect to the network are prompted for their
login credentials (active authentication).

Objectives
 Configure server-based password authentication with an LDAP
server

Time to Complete
Estimated: 20 minutes

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Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore a configuration file to Local-FortiGate.

To restore the Local-FortiGate configuration file

3. Click + to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment local-firewall-authentication, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

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Exercise 1: Configuring Remote
Authentication
In this exercise, you will examine how to configure an LDAP server on FortiGate for remote authentication,
create a remote authentication group for remote users, and then add that group as a source in a firewall policy.
Finally, you will authenticate as one of the remote users, and then monitor the login as the administrator.

Configure an LDAP Server on FortiGate

You can configure FortiGate to point to a preconfigured FortiAuthenticator acting as an LDAP server for
server- based password authentication.

To configure an LDAP server on FortiGate

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click User & Authentication > LDAP Servers, and then click Create New.
3. Configure a server using the following settings:
Field Value

Name External_Server

Server IP/Name 10.0.1.150

This is the IP address of the FortiAuthenticator acting as the LDAP
server. For more information, see Network Topology on page 8.

Server Port 389

This is the default port for LDAP.

Common Name Identifier uid

This is the attribute name used to find the username on the
preconfigured LDAP server.

Distinguished Name ou=Training,dc=trainingAD,dc=training,dc=lab

This is the domain name for the LDAP directory on FortiAuthenticator,
with all users located under the Training organizational unit (ou).

Bind Type Regular

Username uid=adadmin,cn=Users,dc=trainingAD,dc=training,dc=lab
You are using the credentials of an LDAP user called adadmin
to authenticate to the LDAP server.

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RIeNmoTte Authentication
Group

Value This is the password preconfigured for the adadmin user. You must use
it to be able to bind.

4. Click Test Connectivity.

You should see a message indicating that the connection was successful.

5. Click OK.

Assign an LDAP User Group to a Firewall Group

You will assign an LDAP user group (AD_users) that includes two users (aduser1 and aduser2) to a firewall
user group, called Remote-users, on FortiGate. By doing this, you will be able to configure firewall policies to
act on the firewall user group.

Usually, groups are used to more effectively manage individuals who have a shared relationship.

The Remote-users firewall group is preconfigured for you. However, you must
modify it to add the users from the remote LDAP server you configured in the
previous procedure.

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LDRAPEUPserRGroIuNp toTa Firewall Group

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Take the Expert Challenge!
On Local-FortiGate (10.0.1.254), assign the Active Directory user group called AD_users to
the FortiGate firewall user group called Remote-users.

If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that

follow. After you have completed this exercise, see Configuring Remote Authentication on

page 64.

To assign a user to a user

group
1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click
User & Authentication > User
Groups, and then edit the Remote-
users
group.
Notice that it's currently configured
as a firewall group.

2. To add users from the remote LDAP

server, in the Remote Groups
table, click Add.

The Add Group Match dialog box

opens.

3. In the Remote Server drop-down list, select External_Server.

4. On the Groups tab, right-click AD_users, and then click Add
Selected.

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RIeNmoTte Authentication
Group

AD_users has a green check mark beside it, which indicates that it was
added.

5. Click OK.
The users in this Active Directory group are now included in the FortiGate Remote-users firewall user
group. Only users from the remote LDAP server that match this user group entry can authenticate.

6. Click OK.

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toTthe Firewall Policy

Now that you have added the LDAP server to the Remote-users firewall user group, you can add the group to
a firewall policy. This allows you to control access to network resources, because policy decisions are made
for the group as a whole.

To add the remote user group to the firewall policy

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy, and then double-click the existing port3
to port1 firewall policy.

2. Configure the following setting:

Field Value

Source Click +, and then select Remote-users (located under User).

3. In the Security Profiles section, enable Web Filter, and then select Category_Monitor.
This web filter was preconfigured and is set to block the following categories: Potentially
Liable, Adult/Mature Content, and Security Risk.

4. In the Logging Options section, ensure Log Allowed Traffic is enabled, and then select All
Sessions.
5. Click OK.

To test whether aduser1 can successfully authenticate

1. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Enter the following command:
diagnose test authserver ldap <LDAP server name> <LDAP user name> <password>

Where:
 <LDAP server name> is External_Server (case-
 sensitive)
 <LDAP user name> is aduser1
<password> is Training!
A message like the following example should appear to indicate that authentication was
successful:

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RIeNmoTte Authentication

Authenticate and Monitor the Authentication

You will authenticate through the firewall policy as aduser1. This user is a member of the Remote-users
group on FortiGate. Then, you will monitor the authentication.

To authenticate as a remote user

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then go to elite-
hackers.com. You are asked to log in to the network.

2. Log in as aduser1 with the password Training!.

This URL is set to be blocked by the web filter security profile you enabled in the
firewall policy.

Notice that the blocked page displays a replacement message that includes useful information, such as the
URL and Category.

To monitor active captive portal authentications

1. Return to the browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI as admin.
2. Monitor the firewall authenticated user. To view this login authentication, click Dashboard > Users &
Devices, and then click Firewall Users to expand it to full screen.

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FIrNomTthe Firewall Policy

3. Click aduser1, and then click Deauthenticate.

While the config user setting CLI command determines how long a user
authenticating through the captive portal can remain authenticated, you can choose
to manually revoke a captive portal user authentication by selecting the user in the
Firewall User Monitor list, and then clicking Deauthenticate. After the user is
deauthenticated, the user disappears from the list, because it is reserved for active
users only.

4. In the Confirm window, click OK.

This deauthenticates the user. The user must log in again to access the resources protected by the
firewall policy.

Remove the User Group From the Firewall Policy

You will remove the user group assigned to the firewall policy for authentication.

To remove the remote user group from the firewall policy

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy, and then double-click the existing port3
to port1 firewall policy.

2. In the Source field, remove the Remote-users user

group.

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RIeNmoTte Authentication
Policy

3. Click Close, and then click OKto save the

changes.

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Lab 5: Log Configuration and
Monitoring
In this lab, you will configure log settings on Local-FortiGate, configure alert emails, and view
logs.

Objectives
 Configure logging on FortiGate
 Configure threat weight
 Monitor logs through alert emails
 View logs on the Local-FortiGate
GUI
Time to Complete
Estimated: 35 minutes

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Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore a configuration file to Local-FortiGate. After Local-FortiGate
reboots, you must check the status of your web filter license because you will use web filtering in this lab, and
it must appear as licensed.

To restore the Local-FortiGate configuration file

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password password.
2. In the upper-right corner of the screen, click admin, and then click Configuration > Revisions.

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment local-logging, and then click
Revert.

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5. Click OK to reboot.

To check the web filter license status after Local-FortiGate reboots

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI with the username admin and password password.
2. Select Dashboard > Status, and then in the Licenses widget, verify that there is a green check mark beside
Web Filtering, which indicates that the service is licensed and active.
3. Click System > FortiGuard.
4. Scroll to the bottom of the page, and then in the Filtering section, beside FortiGuard filtering services, click
Test Connectivity to confirm connectivity.

5. Click Apply to confirm.

You should see a green up arrow beside the web filtering service, which confirms FortiGuard
connectivity.

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Exercise 1: Configuring Log
Settings
To record network activity, you must configure logging on FortiGate. In this exercise, you will configure the
log settings.

Configure Log Settings

Configuring log settings does not generate logs directly on FortiGate. Instead, log settings define if, where,
and how a log is stored.

The objective of this exercise is to prepare the log settings on Local-FortiGate. For the purposes of this lab,
this includes:
 Enabling disk logging, so that logs are stored locally on FortiGate
 Enabling historical FortiView, so that more than only real-time information is captured in the FortiView
 dashboards Configuring event logging for all activity, to track and monitor events that occur on FortiGate
 Disabling local traffic logging, to prevent filling up the disk too quickly with traffic going directly to and from
 FortiGate Configuring FortiGate to resolve host names, so that FortiGate performs reverse DNS lookups for all IP
addresses, and makes it easier to search logs

Take the Expert Challenge!

Configure the log settings on Local-FortiGate (10.0.1.254 | admin / password) according to
the objective stated above.

If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that

follow. After you complete the challenge, see Configuring Log Settings on page 75.

To configure log settings

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Log & Report > Log Settings.
3. In the Local Log section, enable the following settings:

Field Value

Disk <enable>

Enable Historical FortiView <enable>

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LoRg SEettPingRs
Settings

4. In the Log Settings section, make sure the following settings are
configured:

Field Value
Event Logging All

Event logs provide all the system information that FortiGate generates
(they are not caused by traffic passing through firewall policies). However,
it is a good practice to track and monitor events that occur on FortiGate.

Local Traffic Log Customize—with all traffic logging checkboxes cleared

These logs record traffic directly to and from FortiGate, and can fill up your
disk quickly if not properly managed and monitored. For the purposes of this
lab, leave all checkboxes associated with local traffic log options cleared.

5. In the GUI Preferences section, configure the following settings:

Field Value

Resolve Hostnames <enable>

Resolving hostnames requires FortiGate to perform reverse DNS lookups

for all IP addresses, and makes it easier to search the logs.

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CRonEfiguPrinRg LIoNg SeTttings

6. Click Apply.

Configure Threat Weight

To prioritize solving the most relevant issues easily, you can configure severity levels for IPS signatures, web
categories, and applications that are associated with a threat weight (or score). Threat weight allows you to set
the risk values for low, medium, high, and critical levels, and then apply a threat weight to specific categories.

The objective of this task is to set the following categories to a critical status:
 Malicious Websites
 Hacking
 Explicit Violence
 Pornography
You will use threat weight later, when you search for logs at a specific threat weight.

To configure threat weight

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Log & Report > Threat Weight.
2. In the Web Activity section, select the Critical option for the following
categories:

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WPeigRht INT
Settings

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3. In the Risk Level Values section, record the value associated with the Critical risk
level. You will use this information later to search for logs, using the risk level value as
a filter.

Risk level Value

Critical

4. Click Apply.

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Exercise 2: Enabling Logging on Firewall
Policies
Now that you defined if, where, and how a log is stored using the FortiGate log settings, you must define
whether logs are generated. To accomplish this, you must enable logging on your firewall policy. A log
message can generate only when logging is enabled on a firewall policy.

Enable Logging on a Firewall Policy

For the purposes of this lab, two firewall policies were created for you. However, you must now configure
these firewall policies for logging.

The two firewall policies are:

 IPS: You will use this firewall policy to capture IPS traffic.
 Full Access: You will use this firewall policy to capture antivirus, web filter, DNS, and application control
traffic.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI (10.0.1.254 | admin/password), configure logging for all sessions on
both the IPS and Full Access firewall policies. Enable the following security profiles:
 IPS
 IPS | default
 SSL Inspection | certificate-inspection
 Full Access
 AntiVirus | default
 Web Filter | Category-block-and-warning
 DNS Filter | default
 Application Control | block-high-risk
 SSL Inspection | certificate-inspection
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Monitoring Logs Through Email Alerts on page 82.

To enable logging on the IPS firewall policy

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy, and then edit the IPS firewall policy.

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DO ENnaOble Exercise 2: Enabling Logging on Firewall
TLoggRingEonPa FRirewINall Policies

PTolicy

3. In the Security Profiles section, configure the following settings:

Security profiles Profile

IPS default

SSL Inspection certificate-inspection

4. In the Logging Options section, enable Log Allowed Traffic, and then select All
Sessions. Remember, you will not receive any logs if Log Allowed Traffic is not enabled.

5. Click OK.
You successfully enabled logging on your firewall policy. Later in this lab, you will test these log settings.

To enable logging on the Full Access firewall policy

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy, and then edit the Full
Access
firewall policy.

2. In the Security Profiles section, configure the following

settings:

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LRoggIiNng oTn Firewall Policies

Policy

AntiVirus default

Web Filter Category-block-and-warning

DNS Filter default

Application Control block-high-risk

SSL Inspection certificate-inspection

3. In the Logging Options section, enable Log Allowed Traffic, and then select All
Sessions. Remember, you will not receive any logs if Log Allowed Traffic is not enabled.

4. Click OK.

You successfully enabled logging on your firewall policy. Later in this lab, you will test these log
settings.

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Exercise 3: Monitoring Logs Through Email
Alerts
In this exercise, you will configure email alerts, run some traffic through Local-FortiGate, and then view the
email alerts.

Configure Email Alerts

Because you can’t always be physically at the FortiGate, you can monitor events by setting up email alerts.
Email alerts provide an efficient and direct method of notifying an administrator of events.

An SMTP mail server is required for email alerts to operate. Because configuring a
mail server is out of scope for this lab, one was configured for you. You can view the
email service configuration on the Local-FortiGate GUI by clicking System >
Settings, and then scrolling down to the Email Service configuration.

To configure email alerts

1. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Enter the following CLI commands:
config alertemail setting
set username [email protected]
set mailto1 [email protected]
set email-interval 1
set IPS-logs enable
set webfilter-logs enable
end
3. Close the Local-FortiGate CLI
window.

Generate Traffic

For the purposes of this lab, you must

generate traffic so you can see the logs
that FortiGate collects.

The traffic you generate will go through Local-FortiGate. You already enabled
thetools
You will use two different security policydifferent
to create on the IPS firewall
types policy and logging for all sessions.
of traffic.

Generate Traffic Through FIT

The firewall inspection tester (FIT) program on the FIT VM generates web browsing traffic, application
control, botnet IP hits, malware URLs, and malware downloads.

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MRonEitoPringRLoIgNs ThTrough Email Alerts

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In this lab, you will direct the traffic that FIT generates through Local-FortiGate. The FIT is behind port3 on
Local- FortiGate. The traffic from FIT will go through the Full Access firewall policy. For more information, see
Network Topology on page 8.

You configured the Full Access firewall policy to include the following security policies and logging options:

Because the traffic that FIT generates originates from the IP address of the FIT VM
(10.0.1.20), all these logs show the same source IP address. This is a limitation
of the lab environment. In a real-world scenario, there will likely be many different
source IP addresses for your traffic.

To generate traffic through FIT

1. Continuing on the Local-Client VM, open PuTTY, and then connect over SSH to the FIT saved session.
2. Log in with the username student and password password.
3. Enter the following commands:
cd FIT
./fit.py all --repeat
Traffic begins to generate and repeats the script each time it completes.

4. Leave the PuTTY session open (you can minimize it) so traffic continues to
generate.

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DO Alerts
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GNenOeraTThis
te
will run for the remainder of this lab.

Tr RaffiEc Do not close the FIT PuTTY session or traffic will stop
generating.

Generate Traffic Through Nikto

Nikto generates intrusion prevention system (IPS) traffic.

You will direct the traffic that Nikto generates through Local-FortiGate. Nitko is running on the Linux VM, and
the traffic will go through the egress-to-ingress firewall policy named IPS. For more information, see Network
Topology on page 8.

You configured the IPS firewall policy to include the following security policy and logging options:

Because the traffic that Nikto generates originates from the IP address of the Linux
VM where Nikto is installed (10.200.1.254), all these logs show the same source
IP address. This is a limitation of the lab environment. In a real-world scenario, there
will likely be many different source IP addresses for your traffic.

To generate traffic through Nikto

1. Continuing on the Local-Client VM, open a second PuTTY session, and then connect over SSH to the
LINUX saved session.
2. Log in with the username student and password password.
3. Enter the following command:
nikto.pl -host 10.200.1.10
The vulnerability scanning results in traffic beginning to generate.

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MRonEitoPringRLoIgNs ThTrough Email Alerts

The scan will continue for a while.

4. Leave the PuTTY session open (you can minimize it) so traffic continues to
generate. This will run for the remainder of the lab.

Do not close the LINUX PuTTY session or traffic will stop

generating.

View Email Alerts

Now that traffic is being sent through FortiGate, you can check the [email protected] email to see if any
alerts were generated based on that traffic. You configured the email alert to generate an alert every minute
when an intrusion is detected by the IPS security profile on the IPS firewall policy, and when the web filter
security profile blocks traffic on the Full Access firewall policy.

The log message that accompanies an alert provides more details about the traffic that caused the alert.

To view email alerts

1. Continuing on Local-Client, on the desktop, open Mozilla Thunderbird.

2. Select the inbox of the [email protected] email account, and then click Get Messages.
You should see a message in the admin inbox with a subject of "Message meets Alert condition". If no
email appears in the inbox, wait 30 seconds, and then click Get Messages again.

3. Open any email alert, and then review the log message.
As you can see, the log message is in raw format. In the web filter example below (you may receive a
different log message), the log message header provides the type (utm) and subtype (webfilter).
The log message body provides information about the web filter security profile that was applied to the
traffic

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(Category-block-and-warning), the action it took (blocked), and the category description of the
traffic (Malicious Websites).

4. Open another email alert, and then record the following information from a single web filter
log:
Field Value

date

time

logid

subtype

level

sessionid

profile

catdesc

crscore

You will locate this log on the Local-FortiGate GUI in the next exercise.

5. Select the email of the log you recorded by clicking the star icon to the left of the email
subject. The star icon turns yellow.

If you want to review more email alerts, click Get Messages in your admin inbox
again. You configured your email alert to send messages that meet the alert condition
every one minute.

6. When you are finished, close the Thunderbird email client.

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Exercise 4: Viewing Logs on the FortiGate
GUI
In this exercise, you will view logs using both the Log & Report and FortiView menus on the Local-
FortiGate GUI. You will also configure filter options to locate specific logs.

View Logs From the Log & Report Menu

You will examine the logs, on the Local-FortiGate GUI, that are based on the traffic you generated from the
FIT VM and Nikto.

View Forward Traffic Logs

The first place you will examine logs is on the Forward Traffic page.

All logs that are related to security profiles are tracked in the forward traffic logs, so you can search all
forward traffic in one place. This is helpful if you are looking to see all activity from a specific address, security
feature, or traffic. Security profile logs are still tracked separately in the GUI, but only appear when logs exist.

To view and filter forward traffic logs

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Log & Report > Forward Traffic.
3. To narrow down the logs (results), on the search bar, click Add Filter, and then add some
filters. The following table shows some example filters:

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Date/Time Last 5 minutes

This filters on all logs from the last 5

minutes.

Result Deny (all)

This filters on all blocked

traffic.
Threat Score >=50

This filters on all web activity greater than or equal to the critical (50) risk
level.

Remember, you set Malicious Websites, Hacking, Explicit Violence, and

Pornography to the critical risk level.

If the information that you are filtering on does not appear in the table, you may need
to add the related column to the table. To do so, right-click any column in the table,
and then select the column you want to add. For example, to view the Threat Score
column, add Threat Score. At the bottom of the list, click Apply to refresh the table
with the new column.

4. Double-click the log you want to view.

The Log Details pane appears on the right side of the page.

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5. View both the Details and Security tabs to see the information that is available.

View Security Profile Logs

You will examine the security profile logs, which are tracked separately on the GUI. The menu item for the
specific security profile only appears on the GUI if logs of that type exist.

To view web filter logs

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Log & Report > Security Events > Web Filter.

If this menu item does not display, you can refresh the page, or log out of the
Local- FortiGate GUI and log in again.

2. Use log filters to locate the log in the email alert that you recorded in Monitoring Logs Through Email Alerts on
page 82.

Stop and think!

Which filter would best return the specific log you are seeking? For example, filters based on log subtype
or crscore will most likely return too many logs, which makes the search inefficient.

Answer: Session ID.

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3. After you locate the log, double-click the entry to view the log details.
As you can see, the log details in the alert email are the same as the log details on the GUI. The only
difference is the format—alert emails provide the log detail information in raw format, while the GUI
provides the log detail information in a formatted view.

View and Filter IPS Logs

You will view and filter IPS logs.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI (10.0.1.254), complete the following:
 View the GUI page that shows intrusion prevention logs only.
 Double-click any IPS log to view more information about an
 attack. View the attack information on FortiGuard.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Viewing Logs on the FortiGate GUI on page 87.

To view and filter IPS logs

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Log & Report > Security Events > Intrusion
Prevention.
2. Double-click any IPS log to view more information about an attack.
3. In the Log Details pane, under Intrusion Prevention, click the reference link.

This takes you to the FortiGuard website, where you can gather more information about the specific
attack, such as the description of the attack, affected products, impact, and recommended actions.

4. After you finish, close the FortiGuard tab.

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FortiView is a comprehensive monitoring system for your network that integrates real-time and historical data
into a single view on FortiGate.

You will view the logs in FortiView.

To view logs in FortiView

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Dashboard > FortiView Web Sites.
By default, the search settings are set to display logs that are currently being created. If no logs are
being created currently, the page is blank—this is expected.

2. Use the search settings to display the web activity in a different way, for example, you can do the
following:
 Click Settings.

 In the FortiGate field, select All FortiGates, and then in the Visualization field, click Bubble
Chart.

 Use the Sort By drop-down menu to display the information by Threat Score, Sessions, Browsing Time,
or
Bytes.

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Close both the FIT and LINUX PuTTY sessions to stop log
generation.

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Lab 6: Certificate
Operations
In this lab, you will configure full SSL inspection using a self-signed SSL certificate on FortiGate to inspect
outbound traffic. You will also import a web server certificate on FortiGate and configure inbound SSL
inspection.

Objectives
 Configure and enable full SSL inspection on outbound
 traffic Import an external web server certificate
 Configure and enable full SSL inspection on inbound traffic

Time to Complete
Estimated: 40 minutes

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Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore a configuration file on each FortiGate.

Make sure that you restore the correct configuration on each FortiGate, using
the following steps. Failure to restore the correct configuration on each
FortiGate will prevent you from doing the lab exercises.

To restore the Remote-FortiGate configuration file

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment initial, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

To restore the Local-FortiGate configuration file

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3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment initial, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

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Exercise 1: Configuring Full SSL Inspection on
Outbound
Traffic
Full SSL inspection on outbound traffic allows FortiGate to inspect encrypted internet-bound traffic and apply
security profiles to that traffic to protect your network and end users. FortiGate employs a man-in-the-middle
(MITM) attack to inspect the traffic and apply security profiles, such as antivirus, web filter, and application
control.

In this exercise, you will configure and enable full SSL inspection on all outbound traffic.

Configure SSL Inspection

By default, FortiGate includes four security profiles for SSL/SSH inspection: certificate-inspection,
custom- deep-inspection, deep-inspection, and no-inspection. You can modify the settings for the
custom-deep- inspection profile only. The other profiles are read-only. Because this exercise involves
configuring full SSL inspection on FortiGate, you will configure a new SSL/SSH inspection profile for this
purpose.

To configure SSL inspection

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Security Profiles > SSL/SSH Inspection.
3. In the upper-left corner, click Create New to create a new profile.

4. In the Name field, type Custom_Full_Inspection.

5. At the bottom of the page, in the Common Options section, in the Invalid SSL certificates field, click
Allow.

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6. Click OK.

Enable SSL Inspection on a Firewall Policy

You must enable SSL inspection on a firewall policy to start inspecting SSL traffic. However, you cannot
enable SSL inspection by itself. You must enable one or more additional security profiles in the firewall policy.
When you enable SSL inspection, this configures how you want FortiGate to handle encrypted traffic, and then
you must configure which traffic you want FortiGate to inspect. For the purposes of this lab, you will enable the
default web filter security profile.

To enable SSL inspection on a firewall policy

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Double-click the Full_Access firewall policy to edit it.
3. In the Security Profiles section, enable the following security profiles:

Security Profile Value

Web Filter default

SSL Inspection Custom_Full_Inspection

This is the profile you created previously.

4. In the Logging Options section, enable Log Allowed Traffic, and then select All Sessions.
5. Click OK.

Install the Fortinet_CA_SSL Certificate

FortiGate includes an SSL certificate, named Fortinet_CA_SSL, that you can use for full SSL inspection. It is
signed by a certificate authority (CA) named FortiGate CA, which is not public. Because the CA is not public,
each time a user connects to an HTTPS site, the browser displays a certificate warning. This is because the
browser receives certificates signed by FortiGate, which is a CA it does not know and trust. You can avoid this
warning by downloading the Fortinet_CA_SSL certificate and installing it on all workstations as a public
authority.

In this procedure, you will first test access to an HTTPS site without the Fortinet_CA_SSL certificate
installed. Then, you will install the Fortinet_CA_SSL certificate and test access to the HTTPS site again.

To test full SSL inspection without a trusted CA

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then go to an HTTPS site, such as:

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2. Click Advanced.
Notice the certificate warning. This appears because the browser receives certificates signed by the
FortiGate CA private key, and the corresponding CA certificate is not in the Local-Client certificate store.

3. Leave the browser tab open, and then continue to the next procedure. Do not click Accept the Risk
and Continue.

To install the Fortinet_CA_SSL certificate in the browser

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser, and then log in to the Local-FortiGate GUI at 10.0.1.254 with
the username admin and password password.
2. Click System > Certificates.
3. In the Local CA Certificate section, click Fortinet_CA_SSL, and then click Download.

The certificate downloads to your Downloads folder.

4. In Firefox, in the upper-right corner, click the Open menu icon, and then click
Settings.

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Inspection on Outbound Traffic

5. Click Privacy & Security.

6. In the Certificates section, click View

Certificates.

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7. In the Certificate Manager window, click the Authorities tab, and then click
Import.

8. Click Downloads > Fortinet_CA_SSL.cer, and then click Select.

9. In the Downloading Certificate window, select Trust this CA to identify websites, and then click
OK.

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The Fortinet_CA_SSL certificate is added to the Firefox Authorities certificate store.

10. Click OK.

11. Restart Firefox.

Test Full SSL Inspection

Now that you added the Fortinet_CA_SSL certificate to your browser, you will not receive certificate
warnings when you access a secure site.

The CA that signed this certificate is not public, but the browser does not issue a certificate warning for it
because you added it as a trusted authority in the previous exercise.

To test SSL full inspection

12. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser, and then go to a secure site, such as:

https://salesforce.com

This time, you are passed through to the site without certificate warnings.

2. Close the browser.

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Exercise 2: Configuring Full SSL Inspection on
Inbound
Traffic
You can use full SSL inspection on inbound traffic to protect internal resources, such as web servers that
users can access on the internet. Implementing inbound full SSL inspection allows you to apply antivirus, IPS,
and web application firewall (WAF) on encrypted traffic destined for your web servers to protect them from
malicious files and traffic.

In this exercise, you will import an external web server certificate to Local-FortiGate, and then configure full
SSL inspection to protect a web server with an antivirus profile.

Configure a Virtual IP and Firewall Policy

First, you will configure a virtual IP to map an external IP address to the internal IP address of the web
server. Then, you will configure a firewall policy to allow access to the virtual IP.

Take the Expert Challenge!

 On the Local-FortiGate GUI, configure a new virtual IP to map the external IP, 10.200.1.200, to
the internal IP, 10.0.1.10, using port1 as the external interface. Use VIP-WEB-SERVER as the
name of your virtual IP.
 Create a new firewall policy to allow all inbound traffic to the virtual IP. Use Web_Server_Access as
the name of the firewall policy.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Install the Training CA Certificate on page
103.

To configure a virtual IP
1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > Virtual IPs.
3. Click Create New, and then select Virtual IP.
4. Configure the following settings:

Field Value

Name VIP-WEB-SERVER

Interface port1

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Inspection on Inbound Traffic

External IP address/range

To configure a firewall policy

10.200.1.200 Map to IPv4 address/range
1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Click Create New, and then create a new firewall policy using the following
settings:
10.0.1.10
Field Value
5. Click OK.
Name Web_Server_Access

Incoming Interface port1

Outgoing Interface port3

Source all

Destination VIP-WEB-SERVER

Service ALL

NAT <disabled>

3. Click OK.

Install the Training CA Certificate

You will verify access to the web server URL, and then install the CA certificate on Firefox to eliminate
certificate errors.

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 On the Remote-Client VM, verify that you have access to the web server using
https://lab.webserver.
 Using Firefox, review the web server certificate details and identify the certificate issuer.
 Install the CA certificate in the Firefox Authorities certificate store. The certificate file is located in
Desktop > Resources > FortiGate-Security > Certificate-Operations > CA.crt.
 Make sure certificate-related warning messages no longer appear before proceeding to the next
section.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Configure Inbound Full SSL Inspection on page 109
.

To verify access
1. On the Remote-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then access the web server
using
https://lab.webserver.
A security warning appears.

2. Click Advanced, and then review the warning

message.

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Inspection on Inbound Traffic

3. Click Accept the Risk and Continue.

The Apache2 Ubuntu default page
loads.

4. Click the security exception icon.

5. Click the Show connection details icon.

6. Click More Information.

7. Click View Certificate.

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8. In the Issuer Name section, review the

information.

9. Close the certificate details window.

To install the Training CA certificate

1. On the Remote-Client VM, in the upper-right corner of the Firefox browser, click the Open menu icon, and
then click Settings.

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Inspection on Inbound Traffic

2. Click Privacy & Security.

3. In the Certificates section, click View

Certificates.

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4. In the Certificate Manager window, click the Authorities tab, and then click
Import.

5. Click Desktop > Resources > FortiGate-Security > Certificate-Operations > CA.crt, and then click
Select. The Downloading Certificate window opens.

6. Click Trust this CA to identify websites, and then click OK.

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7. Click OK.
8. Restart Firefox.
9. Go to https://lab.webserver, and then verify that the security warning is no longer
displayed.

10. Close the browser.

Configure Inbound Full SSL Inspection

On Local-FortiGate, you will configure and enable full SSL inspection on all inbound traffic destined to the web
server, using the default certificate. You will also observe the changes to the end-user browser session on
Remote-Client. Then, you will import the external web server certificate on Local-FortiGate, and use it to
perform full SSL inspection to eliminate security errors.

To configure inbound full SSL inspection

1. Return to the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Security Profiles > SSL/SSH Inspection.
2. In the upper-left corner, click Create New to create a new profile.
3. Configure the following settings:

Field Value

Name Inbound_SSL_Inspection

Enable SSL inspection of Protecting SSL Server

Server certificate Fortinet_SSL

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4. Click OK.
5. Click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
6. Edit the Web_Server_Access policy.
7. In the Inspection Mode field, select Proxy-based.
8. In the Security Profiles section, enable the following security
profiles:

Security profile Value

AntiVirus default

SSL Inspection Inbound_SSL_Inspection

9. Click OK.

To verify inbound full SSL inspection

10. On the Remote-Client VM, close any existing instances of Firefox.
11. Open Firefox again, and then go to https://lab.webserver.

A security warning is displayed. If you do not receive a security warning, refresh the page (F5). This
forces Firefox to update its local cache.

3. Click Advanced, and then review the error message.

4. Click Accept the Risk and Continue.
5. Click the security exception icon.

6. Click the Show connection details icon.

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7. Click More Information.

8. Click View Certificate.

9. Review the certificate information.

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Stop and think!

To inspect the encrypted traffic, Local-FortiGate must proxy the connection between Remote-Client and
the web server. To do this, FortiGate must use its own certificate (FortiGate_SSL), which is not a trusted
certificate. It is also not issued for the host name you are using in the URL to access the secure website.
While this does verify that Local-FortiGate is inspecting the encrypted traffic, you must perform a few
more configuration steps to make sure the correct certificate is being used, to eliminate any security
errors on the end-user side.

10. Close the certificate details window.

To import the web server certificate and private key on Local-FortiGate

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a browser, and then log in to the Local-FortiGate GUI at 10.0.1.254 with
the username admin and password password.
2. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click System > Certificates.
3. Click Create/Import, and then select Certificate.
4. Click Import Certificate.
5. In the Type field, select PKCS # 12 Certificate.
6. Click Upload.
7. Browse to Desktop > Resources > FortiGate-Security > Certificate-Operations > Webserver.p12, and
then click Open.
The Certificate Name field is auto-populated from the certificate filename.

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© FORTINET PKCS#12 (.p12 file extension) is an archive file format used to bundle a
certificate with its private key. It is usually protected using a password.

The Webserver.p12 file contains the web server certificate and private key.

8. In the Password field, type fortinet, and then type the same password in the Confirm
Password field.
9. Click Create.
The certificate and key are imported.

10. Click OK.

To modify the inbound SSL inspection profile

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Security Profiles > SSL/SSH Inspection.
2. Edit Inbound_SSL_Inspection.
3. In the Server certificate field, remove Fortinet_SSL, and then select Webserver.
4. Click OK.

To verify the SSL inspection profile change

5. Return to the Remote-Client VM, and then close any existing instances of Firefox.
6. Open Firefox again, and then go to https://lab.webserver.
Verify that there are no more security errors. If you still receive errors, refresh the page (F5). This
forces Firefox to update its local cache.

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Lab 7: Web
Filtering
In this lab, you will configure one of the most used security profiles on FortiGate: web filter. This includes
configuring a FortiGuard category-based filter, applying the web filter profile on a firewall policy, testing
the configuration, and basic troubleshooting.

Objectives
 Configure web filtering on FortiGate
 Apply the FortiGuard category-based option for web
 filtering Troubleshoot the web filter
 Read and interpret web filter log entries

Time to Complete
Estimated: 25 minutes

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Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must clear the browser history, and then restore a configuration file to
Local- FortiGate.

To clear the browser history

1. On the Local-Client VM, open the browser, and then click the menu icon in the upper-right corner.

2. Click Settings > Privacy & Security.

3. Scroll to History, click Clear History, and then ensure the time range to clear is set to Everything.
4. Click OK.

To restore the FortiGate configuration file

5. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
6. In the upper-right corner of the screen, click admin, and then click Configuration > Revisions.

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment local-web-filtering, and then click
Revert.

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5. Click OK to reboot.

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Exercise 1: Configuring FortiGuard Web
Filtering
To configure FortiGate for web filtering based on FortiGuard categories, you must make sure that FortiGate has
a valid FortiGuard security subscription license. The license provides the web filtering capabilities necessary to
protect against inappropriate websites.

Then, you must configure a category-based web filter security profile on FortiGate, and apply the security
profile on a firewall policy to inspect the HTTP traffic.

Finally, you can test different actions taken by FortiGate according to the website rating.

Review the FortiGate Settings

You will review the inspection mode and license status according to the uploaded settings. You will also list
the FortiGuard Distribution Servers (FDS) that your FortiGate uses to send the web filtering requests.

To review the restored settings on FortiGate

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. On the Dashboard, locate the Licenses widget, and then confirm that the Web Filtering service is licensed
and active.
A green check mark should appear beside Web Filtering.

Because of the reboot following the restoration of the configuration file, the web filter
license status may be Unavailable. In this case, navigate to System > FortiGuard,
in the Filtering section, click Test Connectivity to force an update, and then click
OK to confirm.

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3. Click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.

4. Double-click the Full_Access policy to edit it.
5. Verify the Inspection Mode setting.
Notice that the default inspection mode is set to Flow-based.

6. Under Inspection Mode, select Proxy-based.

7. Click OK.
8. Click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
9. Double-click the Full_Access policy to edit it, and then verify that Inspection Mode is now set to Proxy-
based.

Determine Web Filter Categories

To configure web filter categories, you must first identify how specific websites are categorized by the
FortiGuard service.

To determine web filter categories

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then go to
https://www.fortiguard.com/webfilter.

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FIoNrtiGTuard Web Filtering

2. Use the Web Filter Lookup tool to search for the following
URL:

www.twitter.com

This is one of the websites you will use later to test your web filter.

As you can see, Twitter is listed in the Social Networking category.

3. Use the Web Filter Lookup tool again to find the web filter category for the following
websites:

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CIaNtegoTry-Based Web Filter

Filtering

www.ask.com


 www.bing.com
You will test your web filter using these websites also.

The following table shows the category assigned to each URL, as well as the action you will configure
your FortiGate to take based on your web filter security profile:

Website Category Action

www.twitter.com Social Networking Block

www.skype.com Internet Telephony Warning

www.bing.com Search Engines and Portals Allow

www.ask.com Search Engines and Portals Allow

Configure a FortiGuard Category-Based Web Filter

You will review the default web filtering profile, and then configure the FortiGuard category-based filter.

To configure the web filter security profile

1. Return to the browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then click Security Profiles
>
Web Filter.
2. Double-click the default web filter profile to edit it.

3. Verify that FortiGuard Category Based Filter is enabled.

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FIoNrtiGTuard Web Filtering

4. Review the default actions for each

category.
Category Action

Local Categories Disable

Potentially Liable Block: Extremist Group

Allow: all other subcategories
Tip: Expand Potentially Liable to view the subcategories.

Adult/Mature Content Block

Bandwidth Consuming Allow

Security Risk Block

General Interest - Personal Allow

General Interest - Business Allow

Unrated Block

5. Expand General Interest - Personal to view the

subcategories.
6. Right-click Social Networking, and then select Block.

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PRrofiIleNto Ta Firewall Policy

Filtering

7. Expand Bandwidth Consuming to view the subcategories.

8. Right-click Internet Telephony, and then select Warning.

The Edit Filter dialog box opens, which allows you to modify the warning interval.

9. Keep the default setting of five minutes, and then click OK.
10. Click OK.

Apply the Web Filter Profile to a Firewall Policy

Now that you configured the web filter profile, you must apply this security profile to a firewall policy in order to
start inspecting web traffic.

You will also enable the logs to store and analyze the security events that the web traffic generates.

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Take the Expert Challenge!
On the Local-FortiGate GUI, apply the web filter profile to the existing Full_Access firewall policy.
Make sure that logging is also enabled and set to Security Events.

If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that

follow. After you complete the challenge, see Test the Web Filter on page 123.

To apply a security profile on a firewall policy

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Double-click the Full_Access policy to edit it.
3. In the Security Profiles section, enable Web Filter, and then in the drop-down menu, select
default.

4. Under Log Allowed Traffic, make sure Security Events is selected.

5. Keep all other default settings, and then click OK.

Test the Web Filter

For the purposes of this lab, you will test the web filter security profile you configured for each
category.

To test the web filter

6. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, log in with the username admin and password password.
7. Enter the following command to verify the web filter status:
get webfilter status

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The get webfilter status and diagnose debug rating commands show the list of FDSs that
your FortiGate uses to send web filtering requests. In normal operations, FortiGate sends the rating
requests only to the server at the top of the list. Each server is probed for round-trip time (RTT) every two
minutes.
Stop and think!

Why does only one IP address from your network appear in the server list?

Your lab environment uses a FortiManager at 10.0.1.241, which is configured as a local FDS. It
contains a local copy of the FDS web rating database.

FortiGate sends the rating requests to FortiManager instead of the public FDS. For this reason, the output
of the command above lists the FortiManager IP address only.

3. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then go to

www.twitter.com. A warning appears, according to the predefined action for this
website category.

4. Open a new browser tab, and then go to www.skype.com.

A warning appears, according to the predefined action for this website
category.

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FIoNrtiGTuard Web Filtering

5. Click Proceed to accept the warning and access the website.

6. Open a new browser tab, and then go to www.bing.com.
This website appears because it belongs to the Search Engines and Portals category, which is set to
Allow.

Create a Web Rating Override

You will override the category for www.bing.com.

To create a web rating override

7. Return to the browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then click Security Profiles
>
Web Rating Overrides.
2. Click Create New, and then configure the following settings:
Field Value

URL www.bing.com

Category Security Risk

Sub-Category Malicious Websites

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REatinPg ORveIrrNide T
Filtering

Test the Web Rating Override

You will test the web rating override you created in the previous procedure.

To test the web rating override

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then try to access the www.bing.com website
again. The website is blocked, and it matches a local rating instead of a FortiGuard rating.

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Exercise 2: Setting Up Web Filtering
Authentication
In this exercise, you will configure and test the authenticate action for web filtering categories.

Set Up the Authenticate Action

First, you will confirm that the override category for www.bing.com is set to Malicious Websites. Then, you
will set the action for this FortiGuard category to Authenticate.

To override the category

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click Security Profiles > Web Rating Overrides.
There is an entry for www.bing.com. The override category is set to Malicious Websites, which you
should have created in the previous exercises.

3. Double-click www.bing.com to verify the rating override, and confirm the category and
subcategory.

Field Value

Category Security Risk

Sub-Category Malicious Websites

By default, the Security Risk category is set to Block on your

FortiGate.

4. Click Cancel.

To set up the authenticate action

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Security Profiles > Web Filter.
2. Double-click the default web filter profile to edit it.
3. Under FortiGuard Category Based Filter, expand Security Risk, right-click Malicious Websites, and
then select Authenticate.
The Edit Filter dialog box opens, which allows you to modify the warning interval.

4. Configure the following settings:

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Authentication

Warning Interval 5 minutes

Selected User Groups Override_Permissions

5. Click OK.
6. Click OK.

For the purpose of this lab, Override_Permissions is a predefined user group.

To review the user groups, click User & Authentication > User Groups.

Define Users and Groups

You will define a user in order to test the authenticate action.

To create a user
1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click User & Authentication > User
Definition.
2. Click Create New.
3. In the User Type field, select Local User.
4. Click Next, and then configure the following settings:

Field Value

Username student

Password fortinet

5. Click Next.
6. Click Next.
7. Enable User Group, and then in the drop-down list, select Override_Permissions.
8. Click Submit.
The student user is created.

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DO ENxeOrcisTe 2: Test the Authenticate Action

SRettEingPUpRWeIbNFilTtering Authentication

You will test access to a website using the authenticate action, and then analyze the logs that the security
events create.

To test the web rating override

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then try to access
www.bing.com. A warning appears. Note that it is a different message from the one
that appeared before.

2. Click Proceed.

You might receive a certificate warning at this stage. This is normal and is the result
of using a self-signed certificate. Accept the warning message to proceed with the
remainder of the procedure (click Advanced, and then click Accept the Risk and
Continue).

3. Enter the following credentials:

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theTAutRhenEticaPte
Authentication

RActIioNn Field Value

Password fortinet

4. Click Continue.
This website now displays correctly.

To review the web filter logs for web rating overrides

1. Return to your browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then click Log & Report
>
Security Events.
2. Under Summary, click Web Filter.

According to the logs, http://www.bing.com was initially blocked, but after you clicked Proceed
and authenticated, the logs show a different action: passthrough.

Remember, http://www.bing.com is rated by FortiGuard as belonging to the Search Engines

and Portals category, where the action, by default, is set to Allow.

However, for this website, you changed the subcategory to Malicious Websites.

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Lab 8: Application
Control
In this lab, you will configure and use application control in profile-based mode and policy-based mode to apply
an appropriate action to specific application traffic. You will then view the generated logs.

Objectives
 Configure and test application control in NGFW profile
 mode Configure and test application control in NGFW
 policy mode Read and understand application control logs

Time to Complete
Estimated: 30 minutes

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Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore a configuration file to Local-FortiGate.

To restore the FortiGate configuration file

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment local-app-control, and then click
Revert.

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5. Click OK to reboot.

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Exercise 1: Controlling Application
Traffic
In this exercise, you will create a profile-based application control profile in flow-based inspection mode.
Flow- based and proxy-based inspection modes share identical configuration steps for application control.
FortiGate matches the traffic in the following order:

1. Application and filter overrides

2. Categories
You will also view the application control logs to confirm that FortiGate identifies applications and takes
the configured actions on them.

Configure Filter Overrides

The configuration file for this exercise has the application control categories set to Monitor (except for
Unknown Applications). This allows the applications to pass, but also records a log message.

You will configure filter overrides.

To configure filter overrides

3. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password password.
4. Click Security Profiles > Application Control.
5. Double-click the default application control profile to edit it.

There are 111 cloud-based application signatures available in the application control
signatures database that require deep inspection. The number beside the cloud icon
in each category represents the number of cloud application signatures in a specific
category. The number of cloud applications increases as new applications are added
to this list.

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4. In the Application and Filter Overrides section, click Create New to add a filter
override.
5. On the Add New Override page, in the Type field, select Filter.
6. Click + to add a filter.
7. Under BEHAVIOR, click Excessive-Bandwidth.

The Excessive-Bandwidth setting blocks many applications that are known to be

bandwidth intensive. Applications can belong to different categories, but they may
be part of this behavior filter if they are bandwidth intensive.

8. Click OK.
Your configuration should look similar to the following image. The Action should be set to Block.

9. Click OK.

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PTrofile to the Firewall Policy

Traffic

Now that you configured the application control profile, you will apply it to the firewall policy.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI, edit the existing Application_Control firewall policy and do the
following:
 Enable the default application control profile.
 Enable deep-inspection in the SSL/SSH inspection
profile.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Test the Application Control Profile on page 137.

To apply the application control profile to the firewall policy

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Click + to expand the policy list.
3. Double-click the Application_Control firewall policy to edit it.
4. In the Security Profiles section, enable Application Control, and then select default in the drop-down
list.
5. In the SSL Inspection field, select the deep-inspection profile in the drop-down list.

6. Click OK to save the

changes.

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CRonEtroPllingRApIpNlicaTtion Traffic

You will test the application control profile by going to the application that you blocked in the application
override configuration.

To test the application control profile

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then go to the following URL:
http://abc.go.com. You should see that you cannot connect to this site—it times out.

2. Return to the browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then click
Security Profiles >
Application Control.
3. Edit the default application sensor again.
4. In the Options section at the bottom of the page, enable Replacement Messages for HTTP-
based Applications.
5. Click OK.
6. Open a new browser tab, and then go to the following URL: http://abc.go.com.
FortiGate should display a block message—it can take up to two minutes for the block page to
appear because of the change in configuration.

If the FortiGate self-signed, full-inspection certificate is not installed on the

browser, end users see a certificate warning message. In this lab environment,
the FortiGate self-signed SSL inspection certificate is installed on the browser. If
the block page does not appear after two minutes, close all browser tabs, and
then restart the browser.

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ARppliEcatPionROveIrNrideTs
Traffic

You will configure application overrides. The application overrides take precedence over filter overrides
and application categories.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI, complete the following:
 Modify the default application control profile.
 Add Application Overrides for the ABC.Com application signature, and set the action to
Allow.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Test Application Overrides on page 139.

To configure application overrides

1. Return to the browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then click Security Profiles
>
Application Control.
2. Edit the default application sensor again.
3. In the Application and Filter Overrides section, click Create New.
4. On the Add New Override page, in the Type field, select Application.
5. In the Action field, select Allow.
6. In the search field, type abc.com, and then press
Enter. A signature is returned.

7. Right-click ABC.Com, and then click Add Selected.

8. Click OK.
9. Drag the ABC.Com application filter and place it above the Excessive-Bandwidth
filter. Your configuration should look like the following image:

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10. Click OK.

This application control profile is already applied to a firewall policy that is scanning
all outbound traffic. You do not need to reapply the application control profile for the
changes to take effect.

Test Application Overrides

You will test the application control profile by going to the application that you allowed.

To test the application control profile

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then go to the following URL:
http://abc.go.com. FortiGate allows the website to load properly.

View Logs

You will view the logs for the test you just performed.

To view logs
1. Return to the browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then click Log &
Report >
Security Events.
2. Under Summary, click Application Control.
3. Use the Application Name log filter, and then search for
ABC.Com. You will see log messages with the action set to block.

4. Double-click a log to view more details.

The details include application sensor name, application name, category, policy ID, and the action taken
by FortiGate.

5. Click Log & Report > Forward Traffic, and then search and view the log information for ABC.Com.
You can see more details about the log, including translated IP, bytes sent, bytes received, action,
and application.

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Exercise 2: Controlling Application Bandwidth
Usage
You can limit the bandwidth consumption of an application category or a specific application by configuring a
traffic shaping policy. You must ensure that the matching criteria aligns with the firewall policy or policies that
you want to apply shaping to.

In this exercise, you will configure and apply traffic shaping to an application to limit its bandwidth
consumption.

Modify the Application Override Action

You will add the application override for the Vimeo application to the application control profile. Then, you
will apply traffic shaping in the next procedure.

To add the application override action

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Security Profiles > Application Control.
3. Edit the default application sensor.
4. In the Application and Filter Overrides section, click Create New.
5. On the Add New Override page, in the Type field, select Application.
6. In the Action field, select Monitor.
7. In the search field, type Vimeo, and then press Enter.
8. Right-click Vimeo, and then click Add Selected.
9. Click OK.
10. Drag the Vimeo application filter and place it above the Excessive-Bandwidth
filter. Your configuration should look like the following image:

11. Click OK.

For the purposes of this lab, setting the action to Monitor ensures all
application control events are logged.

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Policy

You will configure a traffic shaping policy using the preconfigured traffic shaper to limit the bandwidth usage of
the Vimeo application.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI, complete the following:
 Create a traffic shaping policy for the Vimeo application only from
 port1. Apply the VIMEO_SHAPER as the Reverse Shaper.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Test Traffic Shaping on page 144.

To configure a traffic shaping policy

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Traffic Shaping > Traffic
Shapers.
2. For the VIMEO_SHAPER, examine the Max Bandwidth column.
You will notice that the maximum amount of allowed bandwidth is very low.

3. Click Policy & Objects > Traffic Shaping, and then click Traffic Shaping Policies.
4. Click Create New.

5. Configure the following settings:

Field Value

Name Application_Traffic_Shaper_Policy

Source all

Destination all

Service ALL

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aRTraEfficPShRapinIgNPoTlicy
Usage

Application Vimeo
Tip: Type Vimeo in the search box in the right pane to locate it easily.

Outgoing interface port1

This is the FortiGate egress interface.

Apply shaper <enable>

Reverse shaper <enable> and apply VIMEO_SHAPER

Your configuration should look like the following

image:

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Policy

6. Click OK.

The Shared Shaper option limits the bandwidth from ingress-to-egress. It is useful
for limiting uploading bandwidth. The Reverse Shaper limits the bandwidth from
egress- to-ingress. It is useful for limiting downloading or streaming bandwidth.

You must ensure that the matching criteria aligns with the firewall policy or
policies that you want to apply traffic shaping to.

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RShaEpinPg RINT Usage

You will test traffic shaping by playing a video on Vimeo.

To test traffic shaping

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then go to the following URL:
http://vimeo.com/watch.
2. Try to play any video.
You will notice that access to this site is slow and the video is taking a long time to buffer and play.

If your classroom uses a virtual lab, the underlying hardware is shared, so the
amount of available bandwidth for internet access varies according to other
simultaneous use. The traffic shaper is set to a very low value to make sure that the
difference in behavior is easily noticeable. In real networks, this setting would be set
to a higher value.

3. Return to the browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then click Policy &
Objects >
Traffic Shaping > Traffic Shapers.
4. Review the Bandwidth Utilization and Dropped Bytes columns for the
VIMEO_SHAPER. You might need to refresh the FortiGate GUI to view the statistics on
Traffic Shapers.

You will notice the bandwidth used by the Vimeo application, and that FortiGate is dropping the packets
that exceed the configured bandwidth in the traffic shaper.

Monitor statistics are current as of the time that you requested the GUI page, so
make sure to view them while a video is downloading. Also, refresh the page a few
times to get the results.

5. Click Log & Report > Forward Traffic.

6. Click Configure Table.
7. Scroll down, and then click Traffic Shaping Policy ID to enable
it. The following image shows the details:

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8. Click Apply.
9. Review the logs to display basic information about the Traffic Shaper
policy.

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RShaEpinPg RINT Usage

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Exercise 3: Implementing Application Control in
NGFW
Policy-Based Mode
In an NGFW firewall, there are two modes that you can use to implement application control in security
policies: policy-based mode and profile-based mode. In policy-based NGFW mode, you can implement
application control directly in security policies without using application control profiles.

In this exercise, you will enable policy-based NGFW mode on FortiGate, and then implement application control
in the security policy to explicitly allow access to only the LinkedIn web application and block access to all other
web applications.

Enable Policy-Based NGFW Mode

You will change the NGFW mode on Local-FortiGate from profile-based to policy-based.

To enable policy-based NGFW mode

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click System > Settings.
3. In the View Settings section, change NGFW Mode to Policy-based.
4. Click Apply, and then click OK to confirm the change.

Changing NGFW modes removes the existing firewall policies and central SNAT. To
pass traffic in policy-based NGFW mode, FortiGate requires three types of policies to
be configured. This is unlike a profile-based NGFW mode setup, where only one
policy is required.

Configure SSL Inspection and Central SNAT Policies

You will modify the default SSL inspection policy to use the deep-inspection SSL inspection profile, and
then create a central SNAT policy.

To modify the SSL inspection policy

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > SSL Inspection & Authentication.
2. Double-click the Default policy to edit it.
3. In the Security Profiles section, in the SSL Inspection field, select the deep-inspection profile in the drop-
down list.
4. Click OK.

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To create the central SNAT policy
1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Central
SNAT.
2. Click Create New.
3. Configure the following settings:
Field Value

Incoming Interface port3

Outgoing Interface port1

Source Address all

Destination Address all

Your configuration should look like the following

image:

4. Click OK.

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Policy-
Based
3: Implementing Application Control in NGFW
Mode
Configure the Security Policy and Test Application
Control

You will create a security policy to apply the application signature required to allow access to the LinkedIn
web application and block access to all other web applications.

To create a security policy to allow the LinkedIn web application

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Security Policy.
2. Click Create New.
3. Configure the following settings:

Field Value

Name Allow_LinkedIn

Incoming Interface port3

Outgoing Interface port1

Source all

Destination all

Application LinkedIn
DNS
Tip: Type LinkedIn in the search box in the right pane to locate it easily.

4. Verify Action is set to

ACCEPT.

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Your configuration should look like the following
image:

5. Click OK.

FortiGate policy-based NGFW follows the concept of precedence to evaluate

security policies. If traffic does not match the created security policy, it is processed
by the implicit security policy, which denies access to all other web application
traffic.

To test policy-based NGFW mode application control

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser tab, and then go to the following URL:
http://linkedin.com
FortiGate allows the website to load properly.

2. Open a new tab, and then go to the following URL:

http://facebook.com
FortiGate blocks access to the Facebook web application according to the implicit security policy.

3. Return to your browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI.
4. Click Log & Report > Security Events.
5. Under Summary, click Application Control.
6. Review the logs that allowed access to the LinkedIn web application.

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Policy-
Based
3: Implementing Application Control in NGFW
Mode
Configure the Security Policy and Test Application
Control

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 151

In this lab, you will examine how to configure, use, and monitor antivirus scanning on Local-FortiGate in both
flow- based and proxy-based inspection modes.

Objectives
 Configure antivirus scanning in both flow-based and proxy-based inspection
 modes Understand FortiGate antivirus scanning behavior
 Scan multiple protocols
 Read and understand antivirus logs
 Understand machine learning (AI)
scan
Time to Complete
Estimated: 25 minutes

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Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore a configuration file to Local-FortiGate.

To restore the FortiGate configuration file

3. Click + to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment initial, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 153

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Exercise 1: Using Antivirus Scanning in Proxy-
Based
Inspection Mode
In proxy-based inspection mode, the proxy for each protocol buffers the entire file (or waits for oversize limit)
and then scans it. The client must wait for the scan to finish.

In this exercise, you will examine how to use antivirus in proxy-based inspection mode to understand how
FortiGate performs antivirus scanning. You will observe the behavior of antivirus scanning, with and without
deep inspection, to understand the importance of performing full-content inspection.

Change the Antivirus Profile Inspection Mode

You will change the inspection mode in the default antivirus profile, which is applied on the firewall policy,
to inspect traffic.

To change the antivirus profile inspection mode

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Security Profiles > AntiVirus.
3. Right-click the default antivirus profile, and then click Edit.
4. In the Feature set field, select Proxy-based.
5. On the SSH protocol, toggle to enable.

6. Click OK.

Feature set is an option to specify the type of antivirus profile applied to a firewall
policy. Flow-based antivirus profiles offer higher throughput performance, while
proxy- based profiles are useful to mitigate stealthy malicious code.

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Policy
Proxy-Based Inspection Mode

By default, flow-based inspection mode is enabled on the FortiGate firewall policy. You will change the
inspection mode from flow-based to proxy-based.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI, complete the following:
 Edit the Full_Access firewall policy, and change the Inspection Mode to Proxy-
 based. Enable the default antivirus profile.
 Use the certificate-inspection profile for SSL inspection.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Test the Antivirus Configuration on page 155.

To change the firewall policy inspection mode

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Double-click the Full_Access policy to edit it.
3. In the Inspection Mode field, select Proxy-based.

4. In the Protocol Options field, verify the default profile is selected.

5. In the Security Profiles section, enable AntiVirus, and then select default from the drop-down list.
6. In the SSL Inspection drop-down list, keep the default certificate-inspection profile.

The Protocol Options profile provides the required settings to hold traffic in
proxy while the inspection process is carried out. The default profile is
preconfigured to follow the standardized parameters for the common protocols
used in networking.

SSL Inspection selects the certificate-inspection profile by default. You can

select any preconfigured SSL inspection profile in the associated drop-down list.

7. Keep the default values for the remaining settings, and click OK to save the changes..

Test the Antivirus Configuration

You will download the EICAR test file to your Local-Client VM. The EICAR test file is an industry-standard
virus used to test antivirus detection without causing damage. The file contains the following characters:
X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*

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DPowRnloIaNd MTethod
Mode

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To test the antivirus configuration
1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new web browser tab, and then access the following
website:
http://10.200.1.254/test_av.html
2. In the Download area section, download any EICAR sample file.

FortiGate should block the download attempt, and insert a replacement message similar to the
following example:

FortiGate shows the HTTP virus message when it blocks or quarantines infected files.

Test an Alternate Download Method

You will test the proxy-based antivirus configuration using the Save Link As method to download the EICAR
text file.

To test the antivirus configuration

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new web browser tab, and then go to the following website:
http://10.200.1.254/test_av.html
2. In the Download area section, right-click eicar.com.txt, and then select Save Link As.

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Proxy-Based Inspection Mode

3. Change the download location to Desktop, and then click Save.

You should see the file you downloaded on the desktop. Why was the download allowed?

4. On your desktop, right-click the eicar.com.txt downloaded file, click Open With Other Application,
click
Notepad++, and then click Select to open the file you downloaded.
Is the content of the file what it's supposed to be?
Stop and think!

Remember, you are using proxy-based inspection mode. When a firewall policy inspection mode is set to
proxy, traffic flowing through the policy is buffered by FortiGate for inspection. This means that FortiGate
holds the packets for a file, email message, or web page until the entire payload is inspected for violations
(virus, spam, or malicious web links). After FortiOS has finished the inspection, FortiGate either releases
the payload to the destination (if traffic is clean) or drops and replaces it with a message (if the traffic
contains violations). FortiGate injects the block message into the partially downloaded file. The client can
use Notepad to open and view the file.

5. Close Notepad++.
6. Delete the downloaded eicar.com.txt file from the desktop.

View the Antivirus Logs

The purpose of logs is to help you monitor your network traffic, locate problems, establish baselines, and
make adjustments to network security, if necessary.

To view the antivirus logs

7. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Log & Report > Forward Traffic. You may need to remove any
log filters you set.
8. Locate the antivirus log message, and double-click it.
The Details tab shows forward traffic log information, along with the action taken.

3. Select the Security tab to view security logs, which provide information more specific to security events, such
as filename, virus or botnet, and reference.
4. To view antivirus security logs, click Log & Report > Security Events > AntiVirus.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 157

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DO ENnaOble Exercise 1: Using Antivirus Scanning in Proxy-Based Inspection
TSSLRInsEpecPtionRonINa FiTrewall Mode

Policy
Enable SSL Inspection on a Firewall Policy
© FORTINET
So far, you have tested unencrypted traffic for antivirus scanning. In order for FortiGate to inspect the
encrypted traffic, you must enable deep inspection on the firewall policy. After you enable this feature,
FortiGate can inspect SSL traffic using a technique similar to a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack.

Take the Expert Challenge!

 On Local-Client, test the configuration by downloading the eicar.com file using HTTPS,
without enabling the deep-inspection profile on the Full Access firewall policy.
 Configure Local-FortiGate to scan secure protocols by enabling SSL Inspection, using the
deep- inspection profile on the Full Access firewall policy.
 Test the configuration by downloading the eicar.com file using
HTTPS.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

To test antivirus scanning without SSL inspection enabled on the firewall policy
1. On the Local-Client VM, open a web browser, and then go to the following website:
https://10.200.1.254/test_av.html
2. Click Advanced.
3. Click Accept the Risk and Continue.
4. In the Download areasection, download the eicar.com sample file.

FortiGate should not block the file, because you did not enable full SSL inspection.

To enable and test the SSL inspection profile on a firewall policy

1. Return to the browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and click Policy & Objects
>
Firewall Policy.
2. Double-click the Full Access firewall policy to edit it.
3. In the Security Profiles section, in the SSL Inspection drop-down list, select deep-inspection.
4. Keep the remaining default settings, and click OK to save the changes.
5. In the Download area section, try to download the same eicar.com file again.

If the FortiGate self-signed, full-inspection certificate is not installed on the

browser, end users will see a certificate warning message. In this environment,
the FortiGate self-signed SSL inspection certificate is installed on the browser. If
the block page does not appear after two minutes, close all web browser tabs and
restart the web browser.

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Policy
Proxy-Based Inspection Mode

© FORTINET FortiGate should block the download and replace it with a message. If it doesn't, you may need to clear
your cache. In Firefox, click Preferences > Privacy & Security. Scroll to History, click Clear History, and
ensure the time range to clear is set to Everything. Click Clear Now.

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Exercise 2: Configuring Flow-Based Antivirus
Scanning
When a firewall policy’s inspection mode is set to flow, FortiGate does not buffer traffic flowing through the
policy. Unlike proxy mode, FortiGate inspects the content payload passing through the policy packet by packet.
FortiGate holds the very last packet until the scan returns a verdict. If FortiGate detects a violation in the traffic,
it sends a reset packet to the receiver, which terminates the connection, and prevents the payload from being
sent successfully.

In this exercise, you will convert the inspection mode on the firewall policy and the antivirus profile to flow-
based inspection mode. Then, you will perform a test to download a file located on an FTP server. You will
view the logs and summary information related to the antivirus scanning. Finally, you will test the machine
learning detection feature on Fortigate.

Change the Antivirus Profile Inspection Mode

You will change the inspection mode in the default antivirus profile, which is applied on the firewall policy,
to inspect traffic including FTP.

To change the antivirus profile inspection mode

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Security Profiles > AntiVirus.
2. Right-click the default antivirus profile, and then click Edit.
3. In the Feature set field, select Flow-based.
4. In the Inspected Protocols section, verify that FTP is enabled.

5. Click OK.

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BTased Antivirus Scanning

Mode

By default, flow-based inspection mode is enabled on the FortiGate firewall policy. In this exercise, you
will change the inspection mode from proxy-based to flow-based.

To change the firewall policy inspection mode

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
3. Double-click the Full_Access policy to edit it.
4. In the Inspection Mode field, select Flow-based.

5. In the Protocol Options field, verify that the default profile is selected.
6. In the Security Profiles section, verify that the default AntiVirus profile is
selected.
7. Click OK.

Test the Flow-Based Antivirus Profile

You will test the flow-based antivirus profile using FTP.

Take the Expert Challenge!

 On the Local-Client VM desktop, use the FileZilla FTP client to connect to the Linux preconfigured
profile under Site Manager.
 Leave the username and password fields empty.
 Download the eicar.com file from the FTP
 server.
View the relevant logs on the Local-FortiGate GUI, and identify the action taken as a result of
therequire
If you scanning.
assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

To test the antivirus configuration

1. On the Local-Client VM, open the FileZilla FTP client software from the
desktop.
2. Click the Site Manager icon in the upper-left corner, and then select Linux.

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ARntiIviNrusTProfile
Scanning

3. On the Remote site side of the application (right), right-click the eicar.com file, and then select
Download.

The client should display an error message that the server terminated the connection. FortiGate sends
the replacement message as a server response.

In flow-based inspection mode, FortiGate does not buffer traffic flowing through the
policy. If FortiGate detects a violation in the traffic, it sends a reset packet to the
receiver, which terminates the connection, and prevents the payload from being
sent successfully.

4. Close the FileZilla FTP client.

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BTased Antivirus Scanning

You will check and confirm the logs for the test you just performed.

To view the antivirus logs

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Log & Report > Forward Traffic.
2. Locate the antivirus log message from when you tried to access the file using FTP, and double-click the log entry
to view the details.
The Details tab shows forward traffic log information, along with the action taken.

3. To view security log information, do one of the

following:
 Select the Security tab. This includes information more specific to the security event, such as filename, virus
or botnet, reference, and so on.
 Click Log & Report > Security Events > AntiVirus.

Test the Machine learning (AI) scan

By default, machine learning detection is enabled on FortiGate and it detects zero-day attacks. In this
exercise, you will disable machine learning detection and then download an unknown malware from the FTP
server. Then you will enable machine learning detection and download the same file again to test the machine
learning detection scan.

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leParnRingIN(AI)Tscan
Scanning

© FORTINET
To disable machine learning detection
1. On the Local-FortiGate CLI, log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Enter the following commands to disable machine learning detection:
config antivirus settings
set machine-learning-detection disable
end
3. On the Local-Client VM, open the FileZilla FTP
client software from the desktop.
4. Click the Site Manager icon in the upper-left corner,
and then select Linux.
5.On the Remote site side of the application (right), right-click the 1132999808 file, and then select Download.
You will see that the download completed successfully.

Block the unknown malware using machine learning scan

6. Return to the Local-FortiGate CLI and enter the following commands to enable machine learning detection:
config antivirus settings
set machine-learning-detection enable
end
2. Open the FileZilla FTP client software again, right-
click the 1132999808 file, and then select
Download.
3. In the Target file already exists window, select
Overwrite, and then click OK.

You will see that the download failed this time because the AI engine terminated the file
transfer.

4. In the Target file already exists window,click Cancel.

5. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Log & Report > Security Events >
AntiVirus.

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BTased Antivirus Scanning

scan

© FORTINET A zero-day attack is malware that is new, unknown, and therefore, does not have
an existing associated signature. Files detected by a machine learning scan are
identified with the W32/AI.Pallas.Suspicious signature.

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Lab 10: IPS and
DoS
In this lab, you will set up intrusion prevention system (IPS) profiles and denial of service (DoS) policies. You
will also use a vulnerability scanner and a custom script to generate attacks on Local-FortiGate.

Objectives
 Protect your network against known attacks using IPS
 signatures Use rate-based signatures to block brute force
 attacks
Mitigate and block DoS attacks
Time to Complete
Estimated: 40 minutes

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Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore a configuration file to the Local-FortiGate.

To restore the Local-FortiGate configuration file

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment initial, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 167

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Exercise 1: Blocking Known
Exploits
In this exercise, you will configure IPS inspection on the Local-FortiGate.

Configure IPS Inspection

You will configure an IPS sensor that includes the signatures for known attacks based on different severity
levels.

To configure IPS inspection

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click Security Profiles > Intrusion Prevention.
3. Click Create New.
4. In the Name field, type WEBSERVER for the new sensor name.
5. In the IPS Signatures and Filters section, click Create New.

6. In the Add Signatures window, click + to add a Filter.

7. In the search bar, type medium, and then click the SEV object to select the medium severity
filter.

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BRlocEkinPg KRnowINn ExTploits

Policy

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8. In the search bar, delete medium, and then type
high.
9. Click the SEV object to select the high severity filter.

10. In the search bar, delete high, and then type

critical.
11. Click the SEV object to select the critical severity filter.

12. Click OK to add the selected filters.

All signatures that match the filters are added to the IPS sensor, and FortiGate takes the default action
for these signatures.

13. Click OK.

Apply an IPS Sensor to a VIP Firewall Policy

You will apply the new IPS sensor to a firewall policy that allows external access to the web server running on
the Local-Client.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 169

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a IVNIP FTirewall Policy

Exploits

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Take the Expert Challenge!
On the Local-FortiGate GUI, do the
following:
 Configure a new virtual IP to map the external IP 10.200.1.200 to the internal IP 10.0.1.10,
using port1 as the external interface. Name the virtual IP VIP-WEB-SERVER.
 Create a new firewall policy to allow all inbound traffic to the virtual IP, and enable the WEBSERVER
IPS sensor. Name the firewall policy Web_Server_Access_IPS.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Generate Attacks From the Linux Server on page
172

To create a virtual IP
1. Continuing on the Local-Fortigate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Virtual
IPs.
2. Click Create New > Virtual IP.
3. Configure the following settings:
Field Value

Name VIP-WEB-SERVER

Interface port1

External IP address/range 10.200.1.200

Map to IPv4 address/range 10.0.1.10

4. Click OK.

To configure a firewall policy

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall
Policy.
2. Click Create New, and create a new firewall policy using the following settings:
Field Value

Name Web_Server_Access_IPS

Incoming Interface port1

Outgoing Interface port3

Source all

Destination VIP-WEB-SERVER

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Policy

Schedule always

Service ALL

Action ACCEPT

Inspection Mode Flow-based

NAT disabled

3. In the Security Profiles section, enable IPS and, in the drop-down list, select
WEBSERVER. The policy should look like the following example:

Configuring full SSL inspection would significantly increase the time required to
complete this lab. Therefore, for the purposes of this exercise, you will not configure
full SSL inspection.

4. Click OK.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 171

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DO GNenOeraTte AtRtacEks Exercise 1: Blocking Known

FPromRthIeNLinTux Server
Exploits

You will run a Perl script to generate attacks from the Linux server located in front of the Local-
FortiGate.

To generate attacks from the Linux server

1. On the Local-Client VM, open PuTTY, and then connect over SSH to the LINUX saved session.
2. Log in with the username student and password password.
3. Run the following script to start the attacks:
nikto.pl -host 10.200.1.200

4. Leave the PuTTY session open (you can minimize it) so traffic continues to generate.

Do not close the LINUX PuTTY session or traffic will stop generating.

Monitor the IPS

You will check the IPS logs to monitor for known attacks being detected and dropped by the Local-
FortiGate.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI, complete the following:
 Review the IPS logs for all detected and dropped
 attacks. Review the FortiGuard encyclopedia pages.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

To monitor the IPS

1. Return to your browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and click Log & Report
>
Security Events > Intrusion Prevention.
2. Locate and review the relevant log entries for the detected and dropped attacks.

FortiGate creates an intrusion prevention log entry for the following:

 Detected attack without blocking
 it Dropped attack with blocking it

3. Click a log entry, and then click

Details.
4. Click the Attack Name link.

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BRlocEkinPg KRnowINn ExTploits

5. Review the FortiGuard encyclopedia pages for the signatures.

The FortiGuard encyclopedia provides information about signatures, such as severity, coverage,
affected products, impact, and recommended actions that you can take.

None of the affected products are currently installed on the Local-Client. This
information is important to make a note of before you tune the WEBSERVER IPS
sensor. If the affected products aren't installed, is it really necessary to inspect
those packets?

6. Close the LINUX PuTTY session.

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Exercise 2: Using Rate-Based IPS
Signatures
In this exercise, you will configure a rate-based signature to detect and block a brute force FTP attack.

Apply Rate-Based Signatures

You will create a new IPS sensor, and enable and configure the appropriate signature to detect and block
FTP brute force attacks. You will then apply the IPS sensor to all outbound traffic on Local-FortiGate.

To create an IPS sensor

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Security Profiles > Intrusion Prevention.
3. Click Create New.
4. In the Name field, type FTP_BRUTE_FORCE.
5. In the IPS Signatures and Filters section, click Create New.

6. On the Add Signatures page, in the Type field, select

Signature.
7. In the Action field, select Reset in the drop-down menu.
8. In the Status field, select Enable.
9. In the Rate-based settings field, select Specify.
10. Configure the following settings:

Field Value

Threshold 5

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BIaNsedTIPS Signatures

Value

Duration (seconds)
11. Type FTP.Login.Brute.Force in the search field, and then press
Enter.
30
12. Right-click FTP.Login.Brute.Force, and then click Add Selected.
13. Track By
Click OK.
The configuration should look like the following image:
Source IP

14. Click OK.

To apply IPS on outbound traffic

1. Continuing on the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy.
2. Double-click the existing Full_Access policy to edit it.
3. In the Security Profiles section, enable IPS and, in the drop-down list, select FTP_BRUTE_FORCE.
4. Click OK.

Test the Rate-Based Signature

You will use a custom bash script to generate invalid login attempts to the FTP server located on the Linux
VM. You will then verify your configuration using the IPS logs.

A typical brute force attack uses a dictionary of usernames and passwords. In this
scenario, the script uses an incorrect username and password to flood the FTP
server with invalid login attempts. The 530 Login incorrect responses from
the FTP server should be enough to trigger the signature.

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BEasePd SRignIaNtureT
Signatures

© FORTINET
To run the bash script
1. On the Local-Client VM, open a terminal window.
2. Change the working directory to cd Desktop/Resources/FortiGate-Security/Intrusion-
Prevention-System.
3. Execute the bash script.
bash bruteFTP.sh

4. Wait for the script to finish, and then leave the terminal window open in the background.

To view the IPS logs

5. Return to the browser tab where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and clickLog & Report >
Security Events > Intrusion Prevention.
6. Locate the logs for the FTP brute force attacks.

Why are there only six log entries, when the script generated 10 login
attempts?
Stop and think!

You configured the FTP.Login.Brute.Force rate-based signature with a threshold of 5. The IPS
signature action was triggered only after this threshold was met.

To verify the IPS signature action

1. On the Local-Client VM, return to the terminal
window.
2. Scroll up, and locate Attempt 4 and Attempt 5.

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BIaNsedTIPS Signatures

Note that for Attempt 4, the server response is 530 Login incorrect. However, for Attempt 5, the
error message is 421 Service not available, remote server has closed connection. This
is where the rate-based signature action triggers, and the FTP client connections are reset. The same error
message repeats until the script ends with Attempt 10.

3. Close the terminal window.

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Exercise 3: Mitigating a DoS
Attack
In this exercise, you will configure the Local-FortiGate for DoS
protection.

Create a DoS Policy

You will create a DoS policy to detect and block an ICMP flood attack.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Local-FortiGate GUI, do the following:
 Create a new IPv4 DoS policy for port1.
 Configure the policy to block ICMP floods with a threshold of
 200. Enable logging.
If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that
follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Test the DoS Policy on page 179.

To create a DoS policy

1. Connect to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. Click Policy & Objects > IPv4 DoS Policy.
3. Click Create New.
4. Configure the following settings:
Field Value

Name ICMP_Floods

Incoming Interface port1

Source Address all

Destination Address all

Services ALL

5. In the L4 Anomalies section, locate icmp_flood, and then enable

Logging.
6. Set Action to Block, and then set Threshold to 200.

178 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
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DO ENxeOrcisTe 3: Test the DoS Policy

MRitiEgatPing Ra DIoNS ATttack

7. Click OK.

Test the DoS Policy

You will generate an ICMP flood from the Linux VM. This will trigger the DoS policy on the Local-
FortiGate.

To test the DoS policy

1. On the Local-Client VM, open PuTTY, and then connect over SSH to the LINUX saved session.
2. Log in with the username student and password password.
3. Enter the following command to generate an ICMP flood to the Local-FortiGate:
sudo ping -f 10.200.1.1
A password prompt for the student account is displayed.

The command option -f causes the ping utility to run continuously, and not wait
for replies between ICMP echo requests. It also requires super-user privileges.

4. Enter password.
For every ping sent, the SSH session displays a period.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 179

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO TNesOt RINT Exercise 3: Mitigating a DoS

theTDoSRPoElicPy
Attack

To view the anomaly logs

1. Return to the browser where you are logged in to the Local-FortiGate GUI, and press F5 to refresh the browser
(or log out and log in again).
2. Click Log & Report > Security Events > Anamoly.
3. Examine the logs.
Note that the ICMP flood was blocked. This is indicated by the clear_session entry in the Action field.

4. Go back to the PuTTY window, and press Ctrl+C to stop the

ping.
5. Close the PuTTY session.

180 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
Technologies Inc.
DO NOT REPRINT
© FORTINET
Lab 11: Security
Fabric
In this lab, you will learn to configure the Fortinet Security Fabric. After you configure the Security Fabric, you
will access the physical and logical topology views.

Objectives
 Configure the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate (root) and ISFW (downstream)
 Configure the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate (root) and Remote-FortiGate (downstream)
 Use the Security Fabric topology views to examine the logical and physical views of your network
 topology Run the Security Fabric rating checks on the root FortiGate and apply a recommendation

Time to Complete
Estimated: 45 minutes

Topology
In this lab, you will learn how to configure the Security Fabric on all FortiGate devices in the topology. Local-
FortiGate and Remote-FortiGate are connected through an IPsec tunnel. Local-FortiGate is the root FortiGate
in the Security Fabric, and Remote-FortiGate and ISFW are downstream FortiGate devices. FortiAnalyzer is
behind Local-FortiGate and will be used in the Security Fabric.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 181

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
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© FORTINET
Prerequisites
Before beginning this lab, you must restore configuration files on Remote-FortiGate, Local-FortiGate, ISFW,
and FortiAnalyzer.

Make sure you restore the correct configuration on each FortiGate, using
the following steps. Failure to restore the correct configuration on each
FortiGate will prevent you from doing the lab exercise.

To restore the Remote-FortiGate configuration

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment remote-SF, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

To restore the Local-FortiGate configuration

182 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment local-SF, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 183

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
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© FORTINET
To restore the ISFW configuration
1. Connect to the ISFW GUI, and then log in with the username admin and password
password.
2. In the upper-right corner of the screen, click admin, and then click Configuration >
Revisions.

3. Click the + sign to expand the list.

4. Select the configuration with the comment ISFW-SF, and then click
Revert.

5. Click OK to reboot.

To restore the FortiAnalyzer configuration

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a browser, and then connect to the FortiAnalyzer GUI at
http://10.0.1.210.
2. Log in to the FortiAnalyzer GUI with the username admin and password password.
A link to FortiAnalyzer is added to the favorites bar in the browser on the Local-Client VM.

184 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

4. In the System Information section, click the icon to restore from an existing
configuration.

5. Clear the Overwrite current IP and routing settings checkbox, and then click
Browse.

6. Browse to Desktop > Resources > FortiGate-Security > Security-Fabric, select FAZ-SF.dat, and then
click
Select.

7. Click OK.
8. Wait until FortiAnalyzer restarts.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 185

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO NOT REPRINT
© FORTINET
Exercise 1: Configuring the Security Fabric on
Local-
FortiGate and ISFW
In this exercise, you will configure the Security Fabric between Local-FortiGate (root) and ISFW
(downstream).

Configure FortiAnalyzer Logging on Local-FortiGate (Root)

You will configure the root of the Security Fabric to send all logs to FortiAnalyzer. These settings will
be automatically replicated to all downstream devices when they become members of the Security
Fabric.

For this lab, FortiAnalyzer is already preconfigured to accept the registration

requests that originate from all FortiGate devices in the topology.
To configure Local-FortiGate to send logs to FortiAnalyzer
1. Log in to the Local-FortiGate GUI with the username admin and password
password.
2. In the menu on the left, click Security Fabric > Fabric Connectors.
3. Select FortiAnalyzer Logging, and then click Edit.

4. Enable FortiAnalyzer Logging.

186 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

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Technologies Inc.
DO ISFW
NOT
Exercise 1: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate
and
Configure the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate
(Root)

6. Click OK.
7. In the verification window that appears, click
Accept.

8. Verify that the status of Security Fabric > Fabric Connectors > FortiAnalyzer Logging is
up.

Configure the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate (Root)

You will configure the root of the Security Fabric.

To enable the Security Fabric connection on Local-FortiGate interfaces

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click Network > Interfaces.
3. Click port3, and then click Edit.
4. In the Administrative Access section, select the Security Fabric Connection
checkbox.
5. In the Network section, enable Device detection.
Your configuration should look like the following example:

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 187

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO Configure
NOTthe Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate
(Root)
Exercise 1: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate
and
ISFW
© FORTINET
REPRINT

6. Click OK.
7. Click Network > Interfaces, and then expand port1.
8. Click the To-Remote-HQ2 interface, and then click Edit.
9. In the Administrative Access section, select the Security Fabric Connection
checkbox.
10. Click OK.

To enable the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate

11. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Security Fabric > Fabric Connectors.
12. Click Security Fabric Setup, and then click Edit.
13. In the Security Fabric Settings section, click Enabled.

4. Click Serve as Fabric Root.

5. Configure the following settings:

Field Value

Fabric name fortinet

Allow other Security Fabric devices to enable

join
port3, To-Remote-HQ2
(ensure both interfaces are selected)
Your configuration should look like the following
example:

188 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
Technologies Inc.
DO ENxeOrcisTe 1: CRonEfiguPrinRg thIeNSeTcurity Fabric on Configure the Security Fabric on
ISFW
Local-FortiGate and ISFW

6. Click OK.

Configure the Security Fabric on ISFW

You will configure ISFW to join the Security Fabric as a downstream

FortiGate.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the ISFW GUI, enable Security Fabric Connection on port1 and port3. Enable network device
detection on both ports. After you enable Security Fabric Connection, connect ISFW to the
Security Fabric that has Local-FortiGate as its root device.

If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that follow.

After you complete the challenge, see To enable the Security Fabric on ISFW (downstream) on
page 190.

To enable the Security Fabric connection on ISFW interfaces

1. On the ISFW GUI, log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click Network > Interfaces.
3. Click port1, and then click Edit.
4. In the Administrative Access section, confirm that the Security Fabric Connection checkbox is
selected.
5. In the Network section, enable Device detection.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 189

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO CNonOfiguTre thRe Exercise 1: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate and

SEecuPrityRFaIbNric oTn ISFW

ISFW

6. Click OK.
7. Click Network > Interfaces.
8. Click port3, and then click Edit.
9. In the Administrative Access section, select the Security Fabric Connection
checkbox.
10. In the Network section, enable Device detection.
11. Click OK to save the changes.

To enable the Security Fabric on ISFW (downstream)

12. On the ISFW GUI, click Security Fabric > Fabric Connectors.
13. Click Security Fabric Setup, and then click Edit.
14. In the Security Fabric Settings section, click Enabled.

4. In the Security Fabric role field, confirm that Join Existing Fabric is
selected.
5. Verify that the Upstream FortiGate IP is set to 10.0.1.254.
6. In the Default admin profile field, select super_admin.
7. In the Management IP/FQDN field, click Specify, and then type
10.0.1.200. Your configuration should look like the following example:

190 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
Technologies Inc.
DO Exercise
NOT
FortiGate
and ISFW
1: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local- Authorize ISFW (Downstream) on Local-FortiGate
(Root)

FortiAnalyzer logging is enabled on ISFW after the Security Fabric is enabled.

Downstream FortiGate devices retrieve FortiAnalyzer settings from the root
FortiGate when they join the Security Fabric.

Authorize ISFW (Downstream) on Local-FortiGate (Root)

You will authorize ISFW on Local-FortiGate to join the Security Fabric.

To authorize ISFW on Local-FortiGate

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Security Fabric > Fabric Connectors.
2. In the Topology section, click the highlighted FortiGate serial number, and then click
Authorize.

3. In the Device Registration window, click Authorize, and then click Close.

After authorization, ISFW appears in the Security Fabric topology section,

which means ISFW joined the Security Fabric successfully.

4. Hover over the ISFW icon to display a summary of the firewall settings, and then verify that it is correctly
registered in the Security Fabric.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 191

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO Check
NOT the Security Fabric
Deployment
Result
Exercise 1: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate
and
ISFW
© FORTINET
REPRINT

Check the Security Fabric Deployment Result

You will check the Security Fabric deployment result on Local-FortiGate (root).

To check the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate

1. On the Local-Client VM, open a new browser, and then go to https://www.fortinet.com.
This is to generate some traffic from the Local-Client VM so it is included in the topology
views.

2. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Dashboard > Status.

The Security Fabric widget displays the FortiGate devices in the Security Fabric.

3. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Security Fabric > Physical Topology.

This page shows a visualization of access layer devices in the Security
Fabric.

192 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
Technologies Inc.
DO ISFW
NOT
Exercise 1: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate
and
Check the Security Fabric Deployment
Result

Your topology view might not match exactly what is shown in this example.

4. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Security Fabric > Logical Topology.

This dashboard displays information about the interfaces that connect each device in the Security
Fabric.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 193

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO NOT REPRINT
© FORTINET
Exercise 2: Configuring the Security Fabric on
Local-
FortiGate and Remote-FortiGate
In this exercise, you will add another FortiGate to the Security Fabric tree. In this topology, the
downstream Remote-FortiGate connects to the root Local-FortiGate over IPsec VPN to join the Security
Fabric.

Take the Expert Challenge!

On the Remote-FortiGate GUI, enable Security Fabric Connection on port6 and the To-Local-HQ1
VPN interface. Enable network device detection on port6. After you enable Security Fabric Connection,
connect Remote-FortiGate to the Security Fabric using the tunnel IP address 10.10.10.1 to connect to
the root FortiGate.

If you require assistance, or to verify your work, use the step-by-step instructions that follow.

After you complete the challenge, see Authorize Remote-FortiGate (Downstream) on

Local-FortiGate (Root) on page 195.

Configure the Security Fabric on Remote-FortiGate (Downstream)

You will configure Remote-FortiGate to join the Security Fabric as a downstream FortiGate over the IPsec
VPN.

To enable the Security Fabric connection on Remote-FortiGate interfaces

1. On the Remote-FortiGate GUI, log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click Network > Interfaces.
3. Click port6, and then click Edit.
4. In the Administrative Access section, select the Security Fabric Connection checkbox.
5. In the Network section, ensure that Device detection is enabled.
6. Click OK.
7. Click Network > Interfaces, and then expand port4.
8. Click the To-Local-HQ1 interface, and then click Edit.
9. In the Administrative Access section, select the Security Fabric Connection checkbox.
10. Click OK to save the changes.

To enable the Security Fabric on Remote-FortiGate

11. On the Remote-FortiGate GUI, click Security Fabric > Fabric Connectors.
12. Click Security Fabric Setup, and then click Edit.
13. In the Security Fabric Settings section, click Enabled.

194 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
Technologies Inc.
DO Exercise
NOT
FortiGate
and
2: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-
Remote-FortiGate
Authorize Remote-FortiGate (Downstream) on
Local-FortiGate (Root)

© FORTINET
REPRINT
4. In the Security Fabric role field, ensure that Join Existing Fabric is
selected.
5. In the Upstream FortiGate IP field, type 10.10.10.1.
6. In the Default admin profile field, select super_admin.
7. In the Management IP/FQDN field, click Specify, and then type
10.10.10.3. Your configuration should look like the following example:

8. Click OK.
9. Click OK to confirm.

Authorize Remote-FortiGate (Downstream) on Local-FortiGate (Root)

You will authorize Remote-FortiGate on Local-FortiGate to join the Security Fabric.

To authorize Remote-FortiGate on Local-FortiGate

10. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, log in with the username admin and password password.
11. Click Security Fabric > Fabric Connectors.
12. In the Topology section, click the highlighted FortiGate serial number, and then click Authorize.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 195

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO Check
NOT the Security Fabric
Deployment
Result
Exercise 2: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate and
Remote-
FortiGate
© FORTINET
REPRINT

4. In the Device Registration window, click Authorize, and then click Close.

After authorization, Remote-FortiGate appears in the topology. Now, both ISFW

and Remote-FortiGate are shown as downstream devices of the root, Local-
FortiGate. Your configuration should look like the following example:

You may need to refresh the page to match the image

above.

Check the Security Fabric Deployment Result

You will check the Security Fabric deployment result on the root, Local-FortiGate.

To check the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Dashboard > Status.
The Security Fabric widget displays all FortiGate devices in the Security
Fabric.

2. Click Security Fabric > Physical Topology.

This page shows a visualization of access layer devices in the Security
Fabric.

196 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
Technologies Inc.
DO Exercise
NOT2: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate and
Remote-
FortiGate
Check the Security Fabric Deployment
Result

You may need to click the Update Now button to refresh the topology. Your topology view might not
match what is shown in this example.

3. Click Security Fabric > Logical Topology.

This dashboard displays information about the interfaces that each device in the Security Fabric
connects to.

You may need to click the Update Now button to refresh the
topology.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 197

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO Check
NOT the Security Fabric
Deployment
Result
Exercise 2: Configuring the Security Fabric on Local-FortiGate and
Remote-
FortiGate
© FORTINET
REPRINT
Your topology view might not match what is shown in this example. At a minimum,
you should see Local-FortiGate, Remote-FortiGate, and ISFW in the topology view.

You can generate some traffic from the Linux VMs to have them shown in
the topology.

198 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
Technologies Inc.
DO NOT REPRINT
© FORTINET
Exercise 3: Running the Security
Rating
The security rating feature includes three major score cards: Security Posture, Fabric Coverage, and
Optimization. These can help you make improvements to your organization’s network, such as enforcing
password security, applying recommended login attempt thresholds, encouraging two-factor authentication,
and more. In this exercise, you will run security ratings and apply some of the recommendations.

When you make changes through the Security Posture page, FortiGate generates
two configuration revisions for each change you make. Because FortiGate can
store only a limited number of revisions, if you make multiple changes through the
security rating, you may lose some of the revisions needed for other labs.

If you lose any revisions that you make for the labs, contact the instructor
for assistance.

Run the Security Rating on the Local-FortiGate (Root)

You will run a security rating check, which analyzes the Security Fabric deployment, and then identifies
potential vulnerabilities and highlights best practices. You must run the Security Fabric rating on the root
FortiGate in the Security Fabric.

To review the Security Posture widget

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, log in with the username admin and password password.
2. Click Security Fabric > Security Rating, and then check the Security Posture widget to see the score of
your Security Fabric deployment.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 199

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO RNunOtheTSecRuritEy RPatinRg Exercise 3: Running the Security

oInNtheTLocal-FortiGate (Root)
Rating

To generate new security rating scores on the root FortiGate

1. On the Local-FortiGate GUI, click Security Fabric > Security Rating.

You can expand each scorecard section to view recommendations for each
section.

2. Click Security Posture to show the scorecard details.

200 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
Technologies Inc.
DO ENxeOrcisTe 3: RRunEninPg Run the Security Rating on the Local-FortiGate

thRe SIeNcurTity Rating

(Root)

You may need to zoom out this page to see all details.

The Security Posture scorecard shows the following

information:
 A Score field that shows the score for your Security Fabric
 An overall count of how many checks passed and failed, with the failed
checks divided by severity
 Information about each failed check, including which FortiGate device failed the
check, the effect of the check failure on the security score, and
recommendations to fix the issue
Your Security Posture score might not match what is shown in this
example.

3. In the Security Control column, expand Failed, and then select Administrative
Access. The Apply option appears with recommendations that the wizard can apply.

4. In the right pane, under Local-FortiGate, click Apply.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 201

Guide Fortinet Technologies Inc.
DO RNunOtheTSecRuritEy RPatinRg Exercise 3: Running the Security

oInNtheTLocal-FortiGate (Root)
Rating

5. Click OK to save the configuration file.

The View Diff button appears beside Apply after audit log settings are applied successfully.

6. Click View Diff to view the configuration changes that the wizard applied to Local-
FortiGate.

7. Click Close.
8. Click Security Fabric > Security Rating.
9. Click Run Now to get the new Security Posture
score.

You will notice the Security Posture widget displays information from the most recent security rating
check.

202 FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab

Guide Fortinet
Technologies Inc.
DO ENxeOrcisTe 3: RRunEninPg Run the Security Rating on the Local-FortiGate

thRe SIeNcurTity Rating

(Root)

When you run a Security Fabric rating, your organization's Security Fabric receives
a Security Fabric score. The score is positive or negative, and a higher score
represents a more secure network. The score is based on how many checks your
network passes and fails, as well as the severity level of these checks.

You can repeat steps 2–7 for all other sections and devices to
apply recommendations, which will improve your Security Fabric
score.

Your security rating scores might not match what is shown in this
example.

FortiGate Security 7.2 Lab 203

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any
derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from Fortinet
Inc., as stipulated by the United States Copyright Act of 1976.
Copyright© 2022 Fortinet, Inc. All rights reserved. Fortinet®, FortiGate®, FortiCare® and FortiGuard®, and certain other marks are registered trademarks of Fortinet,
Inc., in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, and other Fortinet names herein may also be registered and/or common law trademarks of Fortinet. All other product or
company names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Performance and other metrics contained herein were attained in internal lab tests under ideal
conditions, and actual performance and other results may vary. Network variables, different network environments and other conditions may affect performance
results. Nothing herein represents any binding commitment by Fortinet, and Fortinet disclaims all warranties, whether express or implied, except to the extent Fortinet
enters a binding written contract, signed by Fortinet’s General Counsel, with a purchaser that expressly warrants that the identified product will perform according to
certain expressly-identified performance metrics and, in such event, only the specific performance metrics expressly identified in such binding written contract shall be
binding on Fortinet. For absolute clarity, any such warranty will be limited to performance in the same ideal conditions as in Fortinet’s internal lab tests. In no event
does Fortinet make any commitment related to future deliverables, features, or development, and circumstances may change such that any forward-looking
statements herein are not accurate. Fortinet disclaims in full any covenants, representations,and guarantees pursuant hereto, whether express or implied. Fortinet
reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice, and the most current version of the publication shall be applicable.

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