Mobile Application Development

UI Components And Layouts

Unit- 3
ANDROID APPLICATION DIRECTORY
STRUCTURE

some important files/folders, and their for the easy

understanding of the Android studio work environment
are shown in following figure.
AndroidManifest.xml:
• Every project in Android includes a manifest file, which is
AndroidManifest.xml, stored in the root directory of its project
hierarchy.

• The manifest file is an important part of our app because it

defines the structure and metadata of our application, its
components, and its requirements.

• This file includes nodes for each of the Activities, Services,

Content Providers and Broadcast Receiver that make the
application and using Intent Filters and Permissions,
determines how they co-ordinate with each other and other
applications.
Java:

The Java folder contains the Java source code files.

These files are used as a controller for controlled UI
(Layout file). It gets the data from the Layout file and
after processing that data output will be shown in the UI
layout. It works on the backend of an Android
application.
drawable:

A Drawable folder contains resource type file (something that

can be drawn). Drawables may take a variety of file like Bitmap
(PNG, JPEG), Nine Patch, Vector (XML), Shape, Layers,
States, Levels, and Scale.

layout:

A layout defines the visual structure for a user interface, such as

the UI for an Android application. This folder stores Layout files
that are written in XML language.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:orientation="vertical" >

<TextView android:id="@+id/text"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="Hello, I am a TextView" />

<Button android:id="@+id/button"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="Hello, I am a Button" />

</LinearLayout>
mipmap:

Mipmap folder contains the Image Asset file that can be used in
Android Studio application. You can generate the icon types like
Launcher icons, Action bar and tab icons, and Notification icons.

colors.xml:

colors.xml file contains color resources of the Android

application. Different color values are identified by a unique
name that can be used in the Android application program.
Below is a sample colors.xml file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>
<color name="colorPrimary">#3F51B5</color>
<color name="colorPrimaryDark">#303F9F</color>
</resources>
strings.xml:

The strings.xml file contains string resources of the Android

application. The different string value is identified by a unique
name that can be used in the Android application program. This
file also stores string array by using XML language.

Below is a sample strings.xml file:

<resources>
<string name="app_name">MM Polytechnic</string>
</resources>
styles.xml:
The styles.xml file contains resources of the theme style in the
Android application. This file is written in XML language. Below
is a sample styles.xml file:
<resources>
<!-- Base application theme. -->
<style name="AppTheme"
parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
<!-- Customize your theme here. -->
<item
name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
<item
name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
</style>
</resources>
build.gradle(Module: app):

This defines the module-specific build configurations. Here you

can add dependencies what you need in your Android
application.
 Components of Screen

Application components are the essential building blocks of an

Android application. These components are loosely coupled by
the application manifest file AndroidManifest.xml that describes
each component of the application and how they interact.

Interface elements include but are not limited to:

Input Controls: checkboxes, radio buttons, dropdown lists, list
boxes, buttons, toggles, text fields, date field
Navigational Components: breadcrumb, slider, search field,
pagination, slider, tags, icons
Informational Components: tooltips, icons, progress bar,
notifications, message boxes, modal windows
Containers: accordion
 Fundamentals of UI Design
Android introduces some new terminology for familiar
programming metaphors
❑ Views- Views are the basic User Interface class for visual
interface elements (commonly known as controls or widgets). All
User Interface controls, and the layout classes, are derived from
Views.
❑ ViewGroups- View Groups are extensions of the View class
that can contain multiple child Views. By extending the
ViewGroup class, you can create compound controls that are
made up of interconnected child Views. The ViewGroup class is
also extended to provide the layout managers, such as
LinearLayout, that help you compose User Interfaces.
❑ Activities- Activities represent the window or screen being
displayed to the user. Activities are the Android equivalent of a
Form. To display a User Interface, you assign a View or layout to
an Activity. Android provides several common UI controls,
widgets, and layout managers.
 Layouts

It is a type of resource which gives definition on what is drawn on

the screen or how elements are placed on the device’s screen
and stored as XML files in the /res/layout resource directory for
the application. It can also be a type of View class to organize
other controls.

There are many types of layout. Some of which are listed below −

• Linear Layout

• Absolute Layout

• Table Layout

• Frame Layout

• Relative Layout
 LINEAR LAYOUT
Linear layout is further divided into horizontal and vertical layout.
It means it can arrange views in a single column or in a single
row. Here is the code of linear layout(vertical) that includes a
text view.
A layout that organizes its children into a single horizontal or
vertical row. It creates a scrollbar if the length of the window
exceeds the length of the screen
 Linear Layout
<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”utf-8”?>

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
android:layout_width=”fill_parent” android:layout_height=”fill_parent”
android:orientation=”vertical” >

<TextView

android:layout_width=”fill_parent”
android:layout_height=”wrap_content”

android:text=”@string/hello” />

</LinearLayout>
 ABSOLUTELAYOUT

The AbsoluteLayout enables you to specify the exact location of

its children. It can be declared like this.
<AbsoluteLayout
android:layout_width=”fill_parent”
android:layout_height=”fill_parent”
xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android” >
<Button
android:layout_width=”188dp”
android:layout_height=”wrap_content” android:text=”Button”
android:layout_x=”126px” android:layout_y=”361px” />
</AbsoluteLayout>
 TABLELAYOUT

The TableLayout groups views into rows and columns. It can be

declared like this.

<TableLayout
xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
android:layout_height=”fill_parent” android:layout_width=”fill_parent” >
<TableRow>
<TextView android:text=”User Name:” android:width =”120dp” />
<EditText android:id=”@+id/txtUserName” android:width=”200dp” />
</TableRow> </TableLayout>
 RELATIVELAYOUT
RelativeLayout enforces to display elements in relations to each other.
You can specify that, for instance, one UI element can be said to be
placed on the left of another element, or on the bottom of another etc.
Each UI element can also be positioned according to the layout’s
borders (e.g. aligned to the right)
 RELATIVELAYOUT
It can be declared like this.

<RelativeLayout
android:id=”@+id/RLayout”
android:layout_width=”fill_parent”
android:layout_height=”fill_parent”
xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android” >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/userName"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="110dp"
android:text="UserName:"
android:textColor="#000000"
android:textSize="20sp" />

<!--Text View for Displaying Password-->

<TextView
android:id="@+id/password"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/userName"
android:text="Password:"
android:textColor="#000000"
android:textSize="20sp" />
 FRAMELAYOUT
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
The FrameLayout is a
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
placeholder on screen that you android:layout_marginTop="80dp"
can use to display a single view. android:hint="Enter your email"
It can be declared like this. android:padding="10dp" />
<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”utf-8”?> <EditText
<FrameLayout android:id="@+id/editText2"
xmlns:android=http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:orientation="vertical“ > android:layout_marginTop="150dp"
<TextView android:hint="Enter password"
android:id="@+id/txtvw1" android:padding="10dp" />
android:layout_width="wrap_content" <Button
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btn1"
android:layout_marginLeft="100dp" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:padding="10dp“ android:layout_marginLeft="110dp"
android:text="Login Details" /> android:layout_marginTop="240dp"
<EditText android:text="Submit" />
android:id="@+id/editText1" </FrameLayout>
android:layout_width="match_parent"
OTHER ATTRIBUTES THAT ARE COMMON IN ALL VIEWS AND VIEWGROUPS
Sr.No View & description

1 layout_width
Specifies the width of the View or ViewGroup
2 layout_height
Specifies the height of the View or ViewGroup
3 layout_marginTop
Specifies extra space on the top side of the View or ViewGroup

4 layout_marginBottom
Specifies extra space on the bottom side of the View or ViewGroup

5 layout_marginLeft
Specifies extra space on the left side of the View or ViewGroup

6 layout_marginRight
Specifies extra space on the right side of the View or ViewGroup

7 layout_gravity
Specifies how child Views are positioned
8 layout_weight
Specifies how much of the extra space in the layout should be allocated to
the View