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Perception

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39 views10 pages

Perception

Uploaded by

Rigan paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Perception

Organizational Behavior
Perception
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
Again, perception is the organization, identification, and
interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and
understand the presented information or environment.
Perception includes the five senses; touch, sight, sound, smell, and
taste. Perception refers to our sensory experience of the world. It is
the process of using our senses to become aware of objects,
relationships.
The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally
important.
Factors Influencing Perception
Perceiver
Attitudes

Situation Motives Target


Interests
Novelty
Time Experience
Motion
Work Setting Expectations
Sounds
Social Setting Size
Background
Proximity
Similarity

Perception
3-3
Person Perception: Making Judgment About Others
Attribution Theory
AT tries to explain the ways we judge people differently
depending on the meaning we attribute to a behavior.
AT suggests that perceivers try to “attribute” the
observed behavior to a type of cause:

 Internal– behavior is believed to be under the


personal control of the individual

 External –the person is forced into the behavior by


outside events/causes
3-4
Determinants of Attribution

Distinctiveness – refers to whether an individual displays different


behaviors in different situations (the uniqueness of the act)

Consensus – does everyone who faces a similar situation respond in the


same way as the individual did

Consistency – does the person respond the same way over time

3-5
Determination of Attribution

3-6
Shortcuts Used in Judging
Others
 Selective Perception – a perceptual filtering process
based on interests, background, and attitude. May allow
observers to draw unwarranted conclusions from an
ambiguous situation.
Selective perception is a cognitive distortion which makes
you ignore information around you and shifts your attention
to things your mind tells you to.
 Halo and Horn Effect – drawing a general impression
based on a single characteristic.
 Contrast Effects – our reaction is influenced by others we
have recently encountered (the context of the
observation).
 Stereotyping – judging someone on the basis of the
Applications of shortcuts in
organization
 Employment Interview:
 Evidence indicates that interviewers make perceptual
judgement that are often inaccurate.
 Agreement among interviewers is often poor.
Applications of shortcuts in
organization
 Performance Expectations:
 Evidence demonstrates that people will attempt to
validate their perception of reality, even when those
perceptions are faulty.
 Self-fulfilling prophecy or Pygmalion effect
characterizes the fact that people’s expectations
determine their behavior. Expectations become reality.
Applications of shortcuts in
organization
 Performance Evaluation:
 An employee’s performance appraisal is very much dependent on the
perceptual process.
 Many jobs are evaluated in subjective terms. Subjective measures
are, by definition, judgemental.
 What the evaluator perceives to be good or bad employee
characteristics or behaviors will significantly influence the outcome of
the appraisal.

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