Scribd
Upload
39 views33 pages

Chapter 3 Network Layer

Internetworking connects multiple computer networks together through devices like routers and uses common protocols like IP. It allows communication between distinct networks that may use different technologies. There are three main types: intranets for internal communication, extranets to securely share data with partners, and the internet which connects networks globally. Intranets and extranets improve productivity, collaboration, and security within organizations and with external stakeholders.

Uploaded by

Firomsa Dine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views33 pages

Chapter 3 Network Layer

Internetworking connects multiple computer networks together through devices like routers and uses common protocols like IP. It allows communication between distinct networks that may use different technologies. There are three main types: intranets for internal communication, extranets to securely share data with partners, and the internet which connects networks globally. Intranets and extranets improve productivity, collaboration, and security within organizations and with external stakeholders.

Uploaded by

Firomsa Dine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

NETWORK LAYER

Internetworking
 Internetworking is defined as a way to connect multiple forms of computer networks. A computer network is defined as
the interconnection of two or more computers. Computer internetworking occurs when several computer LANs, WANs, or
parts of a computer network are linked together using devices such as routers and coordinated through a logical addressing
system utilizing a protocol such as IP (Internet Protocol).
 In real world scenario, networks under same administration are generally scattered geographically. There may exist
requirement of connecting two different networks of same kind as well as of different kinds. Routing between two
networks is called internetworking.
What is Internetworking in Computer Network?
 Internetworking, often called interconnecting networks, is the practice of connecting different computer networks or
network segments to create a larger and more extensive network infrastructure. Various networking technologies,
protocols, and devices, including routers and switches, are used to enable communication and data exchange between
these distinct networks.
 The term internetworking is made up of two words, inter and networking, which refers to a link between two or more
separate nodes/segments. Internetworking aims to establish a seamless and cohesive network environment in which data
can transfer efficiently and effectively across several interconnected networks, regardless of their underlying technologies
or architectures.
NETWORK LAYER
How does It Work?
 Internetworking establishes connections between distinct computer networks, allowing them to communicate and share
data effectively. Every individual network node or phase is built with a similar protocol or communication logic, such as
Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) or Internet Protocol (IP), to enable communication. Internetworking occurs when one
network communicates with another using constant communication processes. The goal of internetworking was to
overcome the problem of sending a packet of data across several lines.
Types of Internetworking
 The three types of internetworking are as follows:
Extranet
 refers to a controlled and secure extension of an organization's internal
network that allows authorized external parties, such as clients, partners,
suppliers, or customers, to access certain resources, services, and
information.
 An extranet is a network that allows people outside the organization to
access certain information and resources.
 It is a secure network that can connect the organization with customers,
suppliers, and other partners, providing them with access to shared
resources such as files, databases, and applications.
 Access is restricted and controlled, so only authorized users can use the
network.
NETWORK LAYER
How does It Work?
 Internetworking establishes connections between distinct computer networks, allowing them to communicate and share
data effectively. Every individual network node or phase is built with a similar protocol or communication logic, such as
Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) or Internet Protocol (IP), to enable communication. Internetworking occurs when one
network communicates with another using constant communication processes. The goal of internetworking was to
overcome the problem of sending a packet of data across several lines.
Types of Internetworking
 The three types of internetworking are as follows:
Intranet
 An intranet is a private and internal network within a company that uses
internet protocols and technology to allow employees or members to
share information, resources, and services. It functions similarly to the
internet but is limited to the members of the organization. Intranets are
used for internal communication, document sharing, project
collaboration, and access to internal tools and applications.
NETWORK LAYER
How does It Work?
 Internetworking establishes connections between distinct computer networks, allowing them to communicate and share
data effectively. Every individual network node or phase is built with a similar protocol or communication logic, such as
Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) or Internet Protocol (IP), to enable communication. Internetworking occurs when one
network communicates with another using constant communication processes. The goal of internetworking was to
overcome the problem of sending a packet of data across several lines.
Types of Internetworking
 The three types of internetworking are as follows:
Intranet vs extranet
When comparing intranet versus extranet, it’s important to understand that
while both are private networks, an intranet is typically used for internal
communication and increased employee engagement, while an extranet
allows for limited access by external parties.
NETWORK LAYER
Types of Internetworking
Internet
 The internet, short for interconnected network, is a global network of
interconnected computers and computer networks that communicate with
one another via standardized protocols. It is an immense network that
allows people, organizations, and computers all over the world to share
information, resources, and services.

 The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers


that allows people to communicate and access information from anywhere
in the world. It is a public network that is open to everyone, enabling them
the unrestricted ability to view public websites, send emails, download
files, and more.
 It is a specific Internetworking, consisting of a worldwide interconnection
of governmental, academic, public, and personal networks primarily based
on the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
developed by ARPA of the United States Department of Defence and also
home to the World Wide Web (WWW) and referred to as the 'Internet' to
distinguish it from all other generic Internetworks. Participants on the
internet, as well as their service providers, use IP addresses obtained from
address registries that control assignments.
NETWORK LAYER
Intranet vs Internet
 While the internet is open to anyone with a data connection, an intranet is a private network accessible only to employees
within an organization. It is used to share information, resources, and applications within a company, and it is protected by
firewalls and other security measures to ensure that sensitive data is not accessed by unauthorized personnel.
 The internet is used for both internal and external purposes, whereas intranets are dedicated to internal communication,
document sharing, and project collaboration.
Intranets and Extranet Applications in Different Industries
Intranets and extranets are powerful business tools to facilitate communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing. Here
are some examples of how they are used in different industries.
Intranets
Healthcare
Intranets securely share patient records and medical data among healthcare providers. This improves patient care and
coordination among different departments and facilities.
Manufacturing
Manufacturers use intranets to share information about production schedules, quality control, and safety protocols with their
employees. This ensures that everyone in the organization knows key information and can work together efficiently.
NETWORK LAYER
Intranets and Extranet Applications in Different Industries
Intranets
Finance
Financial companies often use intranets to share market updates, financial reports, and compliance guidelines with
employees. This keeps them abreast of industry trends and helps them make informed decisions.
Technology
Software developers and engineers use intranets for project management, knowledge sharing, and collaboration. This ensures
that the team stays organized, productive, and innovative.
Extranets
Banking
Banking institutions use extranets to share information with customers, partners, and regulatory agencies. Top uses by a bank
can include sharing required information with regulators and enabling customers to access their accounts to view their
balance and make online transactions.
Construction
Construction companies use extranets to collaborate with architects, subcontractors, and clients. For example, a company
may share blueprints and project schedules with architects and subcontractors through its extranet and provide progress
reports to clients.
NETWORK LAYER
Benefits Of Intranets and Extranets
An intranet is a great way to boost the efficiency and effectiveness of a company’s workforce.
 It increases productivity by making it easier for employees to access the online resources they need, such as cloud-based
software, company policies and procedures, and training materials.
 It improves collaboration by facilitating communication between colleagues through tools such as a discussion forum,
social media platform, or internal newsletter, reducing the time and effort required to complete tasks.
 It enhances security by limiting access to sensitive information and providing a secure communication and data exchange
platform.
An extranet can be very useful in a company’s interactions with various external parties.
 It facilitates communication and collaboration with external stakeholders and can be used to give them access to select
information, documents, and data.
 It enhances productivity by providing an external party with the exact tools and resources they need to conduct business
with the company.
 It increases security by providing a secure platform for communication and data exchange with external parties.
NETWORK LAYER
Internet Addressing
What is an IP Address?
NETWORK LAYER
Physical Address or MAC address
NETWORK LAYER
Logical Addressing or IP Address
NETWORK LAYER
Port Address or port Number
NETWORK LAYER
Port Address Con’t…
NETWORK LAYER
Specific Address
NETWORK LAYER
IP Address
NETWORK LAYER
IP Address
NETWORK LAYER
IP Address
NETWORK LAYER
Host and Network portions
NETWORK LAYER
Host and Network portions
NETWORK LAYER
IP address classes
NETWORK LAYER
IP address classes – Ranges
NETWORK LAYER
IP address classes – network and host portions
NETWORK LAYER
Class A addresses
NETWORK LAYER
Class B addresses
NETWORK LAYER
Con’t….
NETWORK LAYER
Class C addresses….
NETWORK LAYER
Con’t…
NETWORK LAYER
Class D addresses
NETWORK LAYER
Class D addresses Con’t…
NETWORK LAYER
Class E addresses
NETWORK LAYER
Private IP addresses
NETWORK LAYER
IP address assignment
NETWORK LAYER

You might also like