Methods of

Research
(MA 101)
Fernando T. Herrera, Ph.D
09176753777
[email protected]

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Page 1
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Page 2
• Research proposal

• Deadline of submission:

• Nov. 18, 2023

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Research Proposal Format
• Refer to Institutional Guidelines for Thesis
Manuscript Preparation

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• Front matter. This includes the title
page, approval sheet, abstract (one
page, double-spaced),
acknowledgement (one page only),
dedication, table of contents, list of
symbols, list of figures, list of tables.

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• CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
• Introduction
• Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
• Statement of the Problem
• Statement of Hypothesis(es)
• Scope and Limitation of the Study
• Significance of the Study
• Definition of Terms

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• CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
• CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• Research Design
• Research Locale
• Respondents and Sampling Procedure
• Research Instrument
• Data Gathering Procedure
• Statistical Treatment
• CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

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 • REFERENCES
• APPENDICES
• CURRICULUM VITAE

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Research Defined and Described
“Research is the systematic
approach to obtaining and
confirming new and reliable
knowledge”
– Systematic and orderly
(following a series of steps)
– Purpose is new knowledge,
problem solving, which must
be reliable, empirical, and
cyclical in nature…
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CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
 Purpose clearly defined.
 Research process detailed.
 Research design thoroughly planned.
 High ethical standards applied.
 Limitations revealed.
 Adequate analysis for decision maker’s needs.
 Findings presented clearly.
 Conclusions justified.

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 RESEARCH PROCESS
FF
Review the literature
FF

Review
Concepts
Design
And
Research Collect Interpret
Define theories Formulate Analyse
(Including Data and
Research hypothesis Data
Sample report
Problem
Review Design)
F F
Previous
I Research III IV V VI VII
findings

II
F

F Feed Back
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FF Page 12
Feed Forward
ARE YOU READY
TO START YOUR
RESEARCH
JOURNEY?

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Where Do We Begin?

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Slide 2.15

DEFINING A RESEARCH
PROBLEM
What exactly should you investigate?

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.16

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.17

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.18

• Are you fascinated by the topic?

• Do you have the necessary research skills?

• Can you complete the project in the time

available?

• Will the research still be current when you finish?

• Do you have sufficient financial and other

resources?

• Will you be able to gain access to data?

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.19

• Will the examining institute's standards be

met?
• Does the topic contain issues that links to
theory?
• Are the research questions and objectives
clearly stated?
• Will the proposed research provide fresh
insights into the topic?
• Are the findings likely to be symmetrical?
• Does the research topic match your career
goals?

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.20

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.21

• WRITING YOUR
RESEARCH TOPIC

• One should have a thorough knowledge

about variables….

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
 E BASIC UNITS
• T H E Y A R E T H
PRETED
STUDIED AND INTER
VARIABLES &
SENSE OF HOW
MEASUREMENT • T H E Y M A KE
TIVE S
OTHER IN A DESCRIP
(Operationalizing H A P P E N E D IN AN E XPERIME
IN RE
Research Framework) CAUSE AND EFFECTS
ESEARCH PRO
• D R IV E T H E R
Slide 2.23

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.24

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.25

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.26

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.27

INTERVENING VARIABLES

• SOMETIMES CALLED A MEDIATOR VARIABLE, IS A

THEORETICAL VARIABLE THE RESEARCHER USES TO
EXPLAIN A CAUSE OR CONNECTION BETWEEN
OTHER STUDY VARIABLES.

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.28

MODERATING VARIABLES

• CHANGES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT
VARIABLES BY STRENGTHENING OR
WEAKENING THE INTERVENING
VARIABLE'S EFFECT.

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.29

CONTROL VARIABLES

• ARE CONSTANT AND DO NOT CHANGE

DURING A STUDY. THEY HAVE NO EFFECT
ON OTHER VARIABLES.

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.30

EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES

• AFFECT THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE BUT

ARE NOT ORIGINALLY CONSIDERED WHEN
DESIGNING THE EXPERIMENT.

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.31

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.32

CONFOUNDING VARIABLES

• USUALLY NOT BEING ACCOUNTED FOR

THAT CAN DISGUISE ANOTHER VARIABLE'S
EFFECTS.

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.33

COMPOSITE VARIABLES

• TWO OR MORE VARIABLES COMBINED TO MAKE A

MORE COMPLEX VARIABLE.

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.34

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.35

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.36

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.37

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
□ Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study.
□ Avoid using abbreviations.
□ Use words that create a positive impression and
stimulate reader interest
□ Identify key variables, both dependent and independent

□ Is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words.

□ Do not include "study of," "analysis of" or similar
constructions.
□ Titles are usually in the form of a phrase, but can also be in the
form of a question.
□ Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and
last words capitalized, including the first word of a subtitle. All
nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that appear
between the first and last words of the title are also capitalized.
 • IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SENIOR
Consider HIGH SCHOOL VOUCHER PROGRAM
the IN THE SELECTED PRIVATE HIGH
SCHOOLS IN CARAGA REGION,
following PHILIPPINES
topics/titles:
PREDICTION MODEL IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF K TO 12 CURRICULUM
IN NORTHERN MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES

DETERMINANTS OF WORK PERFORMANCE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF

PUBLIC WORK AND HIGHWAYS (DPWH)
AGUSAN DEL SUR, PHILIPPINES
ENHANCING READING PROFICIENCY: A PERSPECTIVE ON
PUPIL -CENTERED ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM

ATTRIBUTION AND PREDICTION THEORY IN THE LICENSURE

EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS: THE PRIVATE SCHOOLS OF
BISLIG CITY EXPERIENCE
Slide 2.43

• METHODS OF TEACHING: THEIR

INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE
OF GRADE 6 PUPILS IN PHYSICS

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.44

• IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 9001:2015

STANDARDS: IMPLICATIONS TO
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

• Bad or good?

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.45

• SANITARY LANDFILL OF BUTUAN

CITY:RECOMMENDED FOR CLOSURE?

• Bad or good?

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 2.46

• ACTIVITY NO. 1
• DEVELOP YOUR OWN TOPIC/TITLE
provide a brief rationale

Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009