Outlin

Introduction es
Components of Data Communication
Computer  Sender, Receiver, Medium

Networks Transmission Modes

 Simplex Mode
 Half Duplex Mode
 Full Duplex Mode

Computer Network
Computer Networks
 PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN, GAN ……

Wireless Telephone Technology

 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G

Network Topologies
 Bus Topology
 Star Topology

 Introduction
 Data Communication
• The process of using computing and communication resources to transfer data
among devices located at different places.
• Techniques and Technologies to enable electronic communication.
• Communicating two or more devices regardless of location, media and content.

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 Components of Data Communication
• Sender, receiver, media and protocol.

 Sender
• A device transmitting data to be sent to the target device.
• The data is encrypted so that only the specified receiver is able to understand
it.

 Receiver
• The device which receives data sent to it.
• Must know how to decrypt the data encrypted by the sender.

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 Components of Data Communication
 Transmission Media
• The media through which the data transfer takes place.
 Wired Media
 Wireless Media

• Coaxial Cable
 A shielded and insulated copper wire.
 Used in computer networks and cable TV.
 Components:
◦ An outer plastic layer.
◦ Aluminum sheath for protection against electro-magnetic interference.
◦ A plastic insulator
◦ Copper wire

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 Components of Data Communication
 Transmission Media (continued….)

• Twisted Pair Cable

 Pairs of twisted insulated wires run in
parallel to each other.
 Both of the wires in the pair belong to
a single circuit.
 Reduces external interference.

• Fiber Optics
 Transmits data by pulses of light.
 Several optical fibers bundled together.
 Work on the principles of “Total Internal
Reflection”.
 Higher bandwidth than any other cable.

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 Components of Data Communication
 Transmission Media (continued….)

• Terrestrial Microwave
 Earth based transmitters and receivers.
 Wireless communication.
 “Line of sight” communication.
 Highly directional signals sent and received with the help of antennas.
 Example: Mobile Communication.

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 Components of Data Communication
 Transmission Media (continued….)

• Communication Satellite
 Artificial Satellite placed in earth’s orbit that sends and receive data.
 Uses transponder for receiving and transmitting signal.

 Uses:
◦ Military purposes
◦ TV services
◦ Radio
◦ Weather
◦ Internet and more.

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 Components of Data Communication
 Protocol
• A set of rules that govern communication between devices.
• Both of the source and destination follow the same protocols to communicate.
• Functions:
 Sequencing data, routing data, flow control, error control, connection management
and more.

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 Transmission Modes
• The mechanism of transferring data between two devices over a network.
• The way in which data is transferred.
 Simplex mode
 Half duplex mode
 Full duplex mode

 Simplex Mode
• Data is sent only in one direction.
• A device can either send or receive data but can’t do both.
• Examples: TV broadcasting, TV remote, Loud Speaker etc.

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 Transmission Modes
 Half Duplex Mode
• Data can be transferred in both the directions but not simultaneously.
• A device can both send and receive data.
• Example: Walkie-Talkie

 Full Duplex Mode

• Both the devices can send and receive data simultaneously.
• Example: Talking over telephone.

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 Computer Network
• A group of computers and other devices linked together through communication
media to facilitate communication and sharing of resources.

• On the basis of range, networks are classified to several categories:

 LAN
 WAN
 MAN
 Intranet
 Extranet and more.

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 Computer Networks
 LAN
• Local Area Network
• Covers a small area such as a building
or an organization.
• Operated under a single administrative
system.
• Used to share resources and internet.

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 Computer Networks
 MAN
• Metropolitan Area Network.
• Spread throughout a large area such as a city.
• Examples:
 Cable TV
 A network interconnecting offices of an organization.

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 Computer Networks
 WAN
• Wide Area Network.
• Covers a wide area ranging from a few to several cities.
• Interconnects multiple local area networks.
• Wired or wireless media.
• Example: Internet.

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 Computer Networks
 Client Server Networking
• Providers of resources and services: Server
• One or more requesters of resources and services: Clients
• Distributes workload among servers and clients.
• Clients request but don’t share their own resources and services.
• Example: The Internet

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 Computer Networks
 Intranet
• A private network limited to an organization.
• Connected to the outside internet via one or more gateways.
• Used to share information and resources among the workers.
• NOT available to the public.

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 Computer Networks
 Extranet
• The extended Intranet to give access to outside users like suppliers, customers
etc.
• Allows controlled access to outside users to access a subset of information via
the internet.

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 Computer Networks
 Peer to Peer Networking
• A group of computers, each acting as a node
for sharing resources.
• Each computer acts as a server for the files
stored in its memory.
• No centralized server.
 Wi-Fi
• Wireless networking technology based on radio waves.
• RF (Radio Frequency) technology rather than physical
medium.
• Wi-Fi is a trademark that refers to the networking
standard IEEE 802.11x.
• Used in a wide range of devices like laptops, smartphones,
smart cameras and more.
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 Computer Networks
 Bluetooth
• Wireless Communication Technology.
• Used to transmit data over short distance.
• Slower, limited in range and support for fewer devices.
• High level of security.

 Cellular Network

• Mobile Network, distributed over regions of

areas called “Cells”.
• Each cell is served by at least one fixed location
“Cell Tower”.
• The transceivers are interconnected to transmit
data, e.g. voice calls, text messages etc.
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 Wireless Telephone Technology
• Wireless communication through mobile devices was introduced in the 1980’s
and evolved from first generation (1G) to the future generation 5G.

 1G
• Introduced in the 1980’s and implemented in the 1990’s.
• Its speed is up to 2.4 kbps.
• Allowed phone calls.
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 Network Topologies
• The physical or logical layout of a network.
• Refers to the arrangement of the nodes and their connecting line in a network.

 Bus Topology
• A low cost topology with a single transmission line (Bus) to which all the nodes
are connected.
• The network is not affected if one of the devices fails.

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 Network Topologies
 Star Topology

• A single server to which all the devices are

connected.

• The nodes are interconnected through the

central server.

• The network fails if the central server fails.

 Ring Topology

• A loop like structure.

• Each device is directly connected to the
adjacent device.

• The whole network fails if any of the devices

fails.
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 Thanks!
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