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Chapter II 1

A database is a collection of related data organized for easy access, management, and updating. There are different types of databases including bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images. Creating a database involves defining tables, fields, views, and permissions. Databases provide benefits like fast querying, supporting multiple users, portability, flexibility, and longevity. Common database models include hierarchical, network, and relational models which differ in how data is structured and related. A database management system uses entities, attributes, and keys to organize and relate data.

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24 views14 pages

Chapter II 1

A database is a collection of related data organized for easy access, management, and updating. There are different types of databases including bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images. Creating a database involves defining tables, fields, views, and permissions. Databases provide benefits like fast querying, supporting multiple users, portability, flexibility, and longevity. Common database models include hierarchical, network, and relational models which differ in how data is structured and related. A database management system uses entities, attributes, and keys to organize and relate data.

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normie.fieldguy132x
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Chapter II: Managing Data

BSAIS – 3C
What is a Database?
– A database is one of the important components for many applications and is used
for storing a series of data in a single set.
– In other words, it is a group/package of information that is put in order so that it can
be easily accessed, managed and updated.
– There are different types of database. They are:
– Bibliographic
– Full-text
– Numeric
– Images
Database creation steps
– There are five steps to create a database:
– Create a database
- Define tables in the database
– Define the fields in the database
– Define the views in the database
– Set permissions on the database
– Create database reports
Benefits of using Database
– For large amount of data having many different entities, designing and
implementing database can be very useful.
– Following are the few benefits we can avail using database:
– Fast query
– Multiple users
– Portability
– Flexibility
– longevity
Types of Table Relationships
– Relationship works by matching data in key columns, usually columns that have
same name.
– There are three type of table relationships in DBMS:
– One-to-One
– One-to-Many
– Many-to-Many
What is a Database model
– A database model determines the logical structure of a database and how will
be data store, organized and manipulate.
– There are mainly three types of database models:
– Hierarchical
– Network
– Relational
Hierarchical
– Data into a tree-like structure, with a single root, to which all the other data is
linked. The hierarchy starts from the Root data, and expands like a tree, adding
child nodes to the parent nodes.
– In other words, data is organized into tree-like structures with one, one-to-many
relationship between two different types of data.
– For example, one department can have many courses, many professors and off course many
students.
Network
– This is an extension of the Hierarchical model.
– In this model, data is organized more like a graph, and are allowed to have
more than one parent node.
– In this database model data is more related as more relationships are
established in this database model.
– Also, as the data is more related, hence accessing the data is also easier and
fast. This database model was used to map many-to-many data relationships.
Relational
– In this model, data is organized in two-dimensional tables and the relationship
is maintained by storing a common field.
– The basic structure of data in the relational model is tables.
– All the information related to a particular type is stored in rows of that table.
Database Management System
– Entity
– Attributes
– Keys
– Components
Entity
An Entity is generally a real-world object which has characteristics and holds
relationships in a DBMS.
– If a Student is an Entity, then the complete dataset of all the students will be the Entity
Set
Attribute
– If a Student is an Entity, then student's roll no., student's name, student's age,
student's gender etc. will be its attributes.
– An attribute can be of many types, here are different types of attributes defined
in the ER database model:
– Simple attribute: The attributes with values that are atomic and cannot be broken
down further are simple attributes. For example, a student's age.
– Composite attribute: A composite attribute is made up of more than one simple
attribute. For example, student's address will contain, house no., street name, pin
code etc
Attribute
– Derived attribute: These are the attributes which are not present in the whole
database management system but are derived using other attributes. For example,
the average age of students in a class.
– Single-valued attribute: As the name suggests, they have a single value.
– Multi-valued attribute: And, they can have multiple values.
Keys in DBMS
– Key is defined as the column or attribute of the database table.
– Keys are used to identify each record in the database table.
– Properties of good Key:
– Unique Identification
– Non-Redundancy
– Following the the types of Keys:
– Primary Key
– Super Key
– Foreign Key

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