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SAMPLE Vs POPULATION

The document discusses different types of sampling methods used in research studies. It describes probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling which ensure each population member has an equal chance of selection. Non-probability methods discussed are purposeful sampling, quota sampling, snowball sampling, and census sampling which do not guarantee equal selection probability. Examples are provided to illustrate each sampling technique.

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Reiak Costanilla
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38 views34 pages

SAMPLE Vs POPULATION

The document discusses different types of sampling methods used in research studies. It describes probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling which ensure each population member has an equal chance of selection. Non-probability methods discussed are purposeful sampling, quota sampling, snowball sampling, and census sampling which do not guarantee equal selection probability. Examples are provided to illustrate each sampling technique.

Uploaded by

Reiak Costanilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLE vs

POPULATION
POPULATION

 Totality of individuals or objects that are the focus of the study


 They have similar or binding characteristics

Example:

The researcher wanted to study the efficacy of the X- Brand


COVID 19 vaccine.

Population: All people that will receive the vaccine throughout globe
TWO GROUPS OF POPULATION

 Target Population
 Consist of entire group of people or objects that the researcher
used to generalize the conclusion of the study
 Accessible Population
 Isa part of the population by which the researcher has a
reasonable access or a subset of a target population
 Limited to a country, region, state, institution or a specific area
where the researcher has easy access
EXAMPLE

The researcher wanted to study the efficacy


of the X- Brand COVID 19 vaccine.
Target Population –

Accessible Population-
EXAMPLE

The researcher wanted to study the efficacy of the X- Brand COVID 19


vaccine.

Target Population – all people who will receive the vaccine

The researcher wanted to study the efficacy of the X- Brand COVID 19 vaccine
in the province of Iloilo

Accessible Population- all the people who will receive the vaccine and are living in
the Province of Iloilo
SAMPLE

 A group that is chosen to represent a population


 Subset of the population chosen to participate in the study
 Basis for concluding the target population
 The samples are known as the subjects or respondent of the study
Sampling Frame

 Lists all individuals or objects included in the target population.


 Must be organized systematically, updated and contains an accurate list of all the
elements of the population

Example : The researcher wanted to study the efficacy of the X- Brand COVID 19
vaccine in the Municipality of Cabatuan.

Sampling Frame: Listing of all the people living in the Municipality of Cabatuan
based on Census 2018 collated by the Municipal Civil Registrar
TYPES OF
SAMPLING
Describe the types and methods of sampling (SSP_RS8-RD-III-o-16).
SAMPLING
IS THEPROCESS OF CHOOSING
PARTICIPANTS OR RESPONDENTS
FROM A TARGET POPULATION FOR
YOUR STUDY
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

IS A PROCESSOF SELECTING


SAMPLES FROM A TARGET
POPULATION (Uy et. Al., 2016)
TYPES OF SAMPLING
TECNIQUES
PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
NON PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
PROBABILITY SAMPLING

A method of drawing samples where evey


member of the target population has an equal
chance of being selected
It requires a presence of complete list of
members of the target population.
NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Does not ensure that every member of the


target population is given an equal chance of
being selected.
Less precise
Usually use when approximation is required
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING


SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
CLUSTER SAMPLING
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

 simplest probability sampling techniques


 no particular order is used in the actual selection of samples
 each member of the target population has an equal chance of
being included since the samples are just chosen at random
 Sometimes called the lottery method
 is normally used when the target population is small, e.g. the
process of drawing winning numbers in raffles (Uy et.al., 2016)
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

 random sampling process where a pre-selection system is


in place to complement the randomness of the selection
process
 requires a complete list of the members of the target
population in the sampling frame
 K value is computed by dividing the population size by
the desired sample size and is used to determine the kth
(sample) element to be taken from the population.
EXAMPLE:
Study: Attitude of the students towards their
involvement in conducting Scientific Research
the total population of the students in a
school is divided by the desired sample.
The students in the school are then assigned control
numbers.
Assuming the k value is 74, then every 74th in the
list is taken as a sample (Uy et.al., 2016).
STRATIFIED SAMPLING

 the target population is first divided into strata


(groups) according to certain predefined
characteristics
• for each stratum, samples are then drawn either
randomly or according to a systematic approach
EXAMPLE:
 Study: The efficacy of the X-Brand COVID-19 vaccine on people
ages 18-65

Target population maybe divided into various strata according to


their age groups.

After determining the strata, people belonging


to the same age range (e.g. 18-25) are grouped
as one.
CLUSTER SAMPLING

 used when the population is dispersed over a wide


geographic region, and it is costly to gather a complete list
of the members of the population
• similar to stratified sampling in that population is first
divided into strata (groups) or clusters, and then clusters
are randomly chosen and from these clusters, samples are
taken
 Requires a larger sample to be as efficient
EXAMPLE
 Study: The efficacy of the X-Brand COVID-19 vaccine among Filipinos.

 To better assess and get the needed data for this study, since
Filipinos are living across each region in the country, the
researcher may first randomly select a certain number of regions
in the country to be used as a target population. Then, samples
(participants of the study) are taken from each of these regions.
TYPES OF NON- PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
PURPOSEFUL SAMPLING
QUOTA SAMPLING
SNOWBALL SAMPLING
CENSUS SAMPLING
PURPOSEFUL SAMPLING
 Selecting sample with a purpose in mind
 Appropriate for qualitative research studies
 Respondents are limited and chosen issue is of
little knowledge
 Respondents should be within the criteria of
interest
 Respondents should have diverse attitude,
knowledge, practice or skills on a particular issue
Example

If you wanted to know the people’s opinion


on vaccination against COVID-19, then the
criteria, “Are you willing to be vaccinated
…?” and those who answered “No” will be
excluded from the study.
QUOTA SAMPLING

 sampling technique that makes sure the


representative characteristics are well-represented
from a certain number of participants from
different sub-groups of specific characteristics
quota is a specified number that is included in
the sample
EXAMPLE

If you think that people with pre-determined


respiratory diseases are prone to the
transmission of COVID-19, so you include
25% of the participants from each identified
respiratory diseases in your sample.
SNOWBALL SAMPLING

used when the target population can be


accessed or identified easily
used for topics that are highly sensitive and
are not usually openly-discussed. Thus,
samples are built up through referrals.
EXAMPLE

 Ifyour study is about AIDS among the “third sex”


individuals then, you may start asking someone you knew
having this disease. You may ask also this person for a
further recommendation on people having the same
disease. Like a snowball, starting from a small form of
snow as it continues to roll down a hill of snow, collects
up more snow to form a larger one – this is the same as a
snowball sample in a research study.
CENSUS SAMPLING
Census - systematic recording of information of each
member of a population. It is more reliable, and less
prone to error

• usually used if the population of the study is


heterogeneous (mixed)
EXAMPLE:
you wanted to know the number of family members
in a household, this sampling technique can be used.

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