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ICT Database v2.1 Lesson01 Slideshow

The document provides an overview of databases, describing what they are, their advantages over alternatives like spreadsheets, and how they are used in various industries. Key topics covered include the functions of relational databases, SQL, database management systems, and how "big data" differs from traditional databases. Examples are given of database uses in search engines, schools, hospitals and retail.

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73 views15 pages

ICT Database v2.1 Lesson01 Slideshow

The document provides an overview of databases, describing what they are, their advantages over alternatives like spreadsheets, and how they are used in various industries. Key topics covered include the functions of relational databases, SQL, database management systems, and how "big data" differs from traditional databases. Examples are given of database uses in search engines, schools, hospitals and retail.

Uploaded by

corib1473
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICT Database

Lesson 1
What is a Database?
Objectives

• 9.1.1: Describe the functions of a relational database.


• 9.1.2: Distinguish between databases and spreadsheets.
• 9.1.3: Identify advantages of using a database instead of
alternatives (e.g., spreadsheets, electronic documents, paper).
• 9.1.4: Describe real-world uses for databases, including search
engines, schools, hospitals, retail.
• 9.2.10: Identify and compare various database applications,
including Microsoft Access, MySQL, Oracle.
• 9.2.9: Describe Structured Query Language (SQL) and discuss its
use with databases.
• 9.1.5: Define "big data" and describe how it is used in
advertising.
Database

A file that stores data in an organized fashion so that


information can be retrieved from it.

Examples:
•iPod playlist
•Netflix movie list
•Contacts in cell phone
Table – Flat-file Database
• A collection of data organized in rows and columns that
can be used to store and manage information
• Work great with small lists of data (information) that is all
related.
• A simple way to create a flat-file database is to use a
spreadsheet.
• Store information in cells created by using columns and
rows of data
Spreadsheets - Advantages

• Great for analyzing and sorting related data.


• Easy to learn and use
• Suitable for storing and "crunching" relatively small
volumes of numerical data.
• Able to present numerical data in the graphical form to
quickly analyze data.
Spreadsheets - Disadvantages
• Require that you enter the same information in multiple
places
• Have simplistic sorting and querying capabilities
• Contain only a finite number of records
• Changes to data in the computer memory and are not
complete until the file is saved
Data Integrity

The validity of the data


“Garbage in, garbage out.”
Arizona / ARIZONA / Ariz / ARIZ / Az / AZ.
Creating Tables

1. Identify duplicate data


2. If duplicate data exists, create a separate table just for that
data
3. Relate it back to the original table
Relational Database
Consists of multiple tables of information related through
common fields
Advantages

1. Hold as much as 2 gigabytes of data and are only limited by


server operating system.
2. Allows for the simultaneous access and query of data by
multiple individuals in multiple locations.
3. Data is protected against inadvertent corruption so you no
longer need to keep redundant data.
4. We don’t have to manually enter the information reducing time,
effort and mistakes.
5. Entering information is minimalized which reduces input time,
resources and opportunities for human error. This reduces
cost and increases data integrity.
6. Reduced processing time for large amounts of data.
Disadvantages

1. They are more complex and harder to learn and use than
spreadsheets.
2. Designing relational tables can be more difficult and time-
consuming.
3. Software and hardware costs are higher than a
spreadsheet.
Database Management Systems

A program used to store, access and manipulate database


information
•Microsoft Access is an end-user DBMS that you can use to
create and manipulate fairly small and uncomplicated
databases
Graphical user interface
Wizard
•Oracle, MySQL, IBM’s DB2 and Microsoft SQL Server are high-
end DBMS programs used to create and manipulate large,
complex databases used in large organizations
SQL – Structured Query Language

A sub-language commonly used for developing and


managing databases

•SQL pronounced “sequel”


•Used primarily in a database to retrieve, update, insert
or remove information
•Sufficiently powerful and can create tables, restructure
tables and remove tables, among other very complex
tasks
ODBC - Open Database Connectivity
• An open standard application programming interface (API)
• Allows us to use the MS Access interface tools to access the
DBMS data.

Using a simplified graphical user interface (GUI) like MS


Access to build queries and reports is a flexible way for a
relative novice to gain access to a wealth of company data.
Big Data

A term that describes enormous volumes of data that are too


huge for regular database programs
•Unlike data in a database, big data is unstructured and
unrelated.
•Analysis of big data requires specialized tools.

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