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    Rocks 1

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    Ashley Nicole Villegas
    Rocks are composed of minerals and are classified into three main types based on their formation: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks form from compacted sediments and often contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks that changed due to heat and pressure. Igneous rocks form from molten rock and can be intrusive or extrusive.

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    Rocks 1

    Uploaded by

    Ashley Nicole Villegas
    16 views33 pages
    Rocks are composed of minerals and are classified into three main types based on their formation: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks form from compacted sediments and often contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks that changed due to heat and pressure. Igneous rocks form from molten rock and can be intrusive or extrusive.

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    Rocks1

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    Rocks are composed of minerals and are classified into three main types based on their formation: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks form from compacted sediments and often contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks that changed due to heat and pressure. Igneous rocks form from molten rock and can be intrusive or extrusive.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    16 views33 pages

    Rocks 1

    Uploaded by

    Ashley Nicole Villegas
    Rocks are composed of minerals and are classified into three main types based on their formation: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks form from compacted sediments and often contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks that changed due to heat and pressure. Igneous rocks form from molten rock and can be intrusive or extrusive.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    Rocks

    Rocks are a combination of minerals


    that are bonded together in some way.
    • All rocks are made of minerals
    – Monomineralic- contain one mineral
    Polymineralic- contain more than one mineral

    Rocks are classified into three groups by how they


    are formed

    Types of Rocks

    Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic


    3 types of Rocks

    Types of Rocks

    Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

    •Sedimentary Rocks: •Metamorphic Rocks:


    Igneous Rocks: are formed when old
    Form from sediments
    Form from molten (pieces of other rocks) that rocks change by heat
    rock that cools and are cemented together. and pressure.
    hardens.

    Rocks are classified by how they form


    Classification of igneous rocks-
    2 types
    Intrusive Extrusive
    • Form from magma • Form from lava
    • Cooled and • Cooled and
    solidified hardened quickly at
    (hardened) slowly or near the surface
    deep underground of the earth.
    • Large crystal size • Small or no crystals
    Igneous rocks are also
    formed
    when volcanoes erupt,
    causing the magma to rise
    above the earth's surface.
    Types of Igneous Rocks
    • Granite- most
    abundant igneous
    rock
    • Can be made up of
    feldspar, quartz, mica,
    and hornblende
    Obsidian
    • Obsidian rocks are
    • igneous rocks that
    form when lava
    cools quickly above
    ground.
    • Obsidian is actually
    glass and not a
    mixture of minerals.
    The edges of this
    rock are very sharp.
    Pumice
    • Pumice rocks are
    igneous rocks which •
    were formed when lava
    cooled quickly above
    ground.
    • This rock is so light,
    that many pumice
    rocks will actually float
    in water.
    • Pumice is actually a
    kind of glass and not a
    mixture of minerals.
    Extrusive

    Insrusive
    Can be:
    • Felsic: light colored rocks that are rich in elements such as
    aluminum, silicon. Lower density
    • Mafic: dark colored rocks that are rich in iron and Mg. Higher
    density
    • Coarse-grained texture: takes longer to cool, larger visible
    mineral crystals
    • Fine-grained texture: cools quickly with small mineral crystals
    • Glassy Texture: cools the quickest, no mineral crystals form
    • Vesicular texture: Gas pockets (holes)
    • (note) Texture refers to the size/appearance of the minerals
    Fragments of rock 1. ARE USUALLY
    get broken down FORMED IN A
    into sediments WATERY
    Sediments are ENVIRONMENT.
    2. OFTEN LAYERED
    transported,
    3. ARE THE ONLY
    compacted, and
    ROCKS THAT
    cemented into CONTAIN FOSSILS
    rock
    Fossil formation
    http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/
    content/visualizations/es2901/es2901page01.cfm
    Clastic Rocks – fragments cemented
    together and include the sediments: sand,
    silt, clay, pebbles, and boulders
    • Generally these rocks are formed from one
    mineral
    Rock salt
    (halite)

    Rock gypsum- made


    from gypsum
    Bituminous coal- fossil fuel Limestone- made from
    Formed from plant remains in Mineral calcite and
    Swampy areas- most are millions Fragments of shells
    Of years old
    III. Metamorphic rocks
    Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have
    "morphed" into another kind of rock.
    These rocks were once igneous or
    sedimentary rocks.
    The rocks are under tons and tons of
    pressure, which fosters heat build up, and
    this causes them to change.
    How are they formed?
    • Metamorphic rocks are pre-existing
    rocks that have been changed by
    heat and/or pressure without
    melting.

    • These pre-existing rocks are called


    parent rocks
    Classification- 2 groups
    • Foliated • Non-foliated
    • Mineral crystals are
    aligned, or arranged in • Mineral crystals do not have
    bands or layers. mineral crystals arranged in
    bands of layers. Example
    • Banding: High grade marble and quartzite.
    metamorphism. Alternating
    layers of dark and light
    minerals.
    Metamorphism
    • Regional
    Metamorphism
    – Caused by extreme
    pressure and heat.
    – Happens over wide
    “regions”.
    • Contact
    Metamorphism
    – Caused by contact
    with extreme heat.
    Rock Cycle
    • Rock must go through melting and
    solidification to become an igneous rock
    • Rock must go through weathering and
    erosion to become sedimentary rock
    • Rock must go through heat and pressure
    to become a metamorphic rock

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