Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance
Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance
M. Ali Akbar
Professor
Fakulti of Agro Industri dan Sumber Asli
Meaning of the term “Experiment”
Shelf 1 C A B D
Shelf 2 D B D C
Notice that the completely randomized
design does not account for the
Shelf 3 C B A D difference in heights of the cages nor
Shelf 4 A A C B
position of cages in the room. It is just
as the name suggests, a completely
random assignment.
DATA ANALYSIS
One-Way ANOVA
To analyze the results of the experiment, we use a one-way
analysis of variance.
The measured live weight of rabbit for each diet are given below:
Diet A Diet B Diet C Diet D
Shelf 1 62 63 68 56
Shelf 2 60 67 66 62
Shelf 3 63 71 71 60
Shelf 4 59 64 67 61
Mean 61 66.25 68 59.75
.j
..
SS treatments = j 1 n N
4 4
SS error = SS total – SS treatments
Y.. Yij 1020
i 1 j 1
16
= (62)2 + (63)2 + ….+ (61)2 + (67)2 – (1020)2/16 = 275
2
4 Y Y 2
.j
SS treatments = ..
j 1 4 16
Source DF SS MS F Prob>F
Treatment K–1 SS (Tret) MS (Tret) MS (Tret) /
Error N–K SS (Error) MS (Error) MS (Error) *
Total N–1 SS (Total) -------
Source DF SS MS F Prob>F
Treatment 3 191.5 63.8333 9.1737
Error 12 83.5 6.9583
Total 15 275 ----------
Problem:
You have 3 different diets A, B and C. You have given 9
milking cows to see the effect of feeding diets on milk
production. Suppose you have the following data on milk yield
as affected by the diets:
Diets A B C
Animals
1 15 18 17
2 16 19 17
3 18 19 18
Shelf 1 62 63 68 56 62.25
60 67 66 62 63.75
Shelf 2
63 71 71 60 66.75
Shelf 3
59 64 67 61 62.75
Shelf 4
Mean for 61 66.25 68 59.75 Grand mean
63.75
diet
Hypothesis with respect to treatment (Diets)
H0 : µA = µB =µC =µD (all treatment means the same)
and the alternative is
Ha : at least one mean different.
a Y. 2j Y..2
b
N
SS treatments = j 1
.j
SS treatments =
..
j 1 4 16
= {(244)2 + (265)2 + (272)2 + (239)2}/4 – (1020)/16 = 191.5
2 2
4
Y Y
SS Block = i.
i 1 4
16
..
Source DF SS MS F Prob>F
Treat K–1 SS (Tret) MS (Tret) MS (Tret)/MS (Error) *
Block B–1 SS (Blok) MS (Blok) MS (Blok)/MS (Error) *
Error N–K SS (Error) MS (Error)
Total N–1 SS (Total) -------
Source DF SS MS F Prob>F
Treatment 3 191.5 63.8333 12.6263
Block 3 38 12.6667 2.5055
Error 9 45.5 5.0556
Total 15 275 ----------
Problem:
You have 3 different diets A, B and C. You have given 15
milking cows of 3 age groups 1, 2 & 3. You are asked to see
the effect of feeding diets and also age of cows on milk
production. Suppose you have the following data on milk yield
as affected by the diets:
Diets A B C Mean of
Anim group Age group
Age 1 1 11 12 14 12.3334
Age 2 2 15 14 17 15.3334
Age 3 3 19 19 20 19.3334
Mean of 15 15 17 Grand
animal group Mean
2 * 5.0556
LSD = 2.262 4
= 3.596