Scribd
Upload
38 views29 pages

Writing Methodology

This document provides information on writing the methodology section of a science research paper. It discusses including a detailed description of procedures, materials, and methods so the study can be evaluated and repeated. The methodology section should describe the experimental set up, data collection process, and statistical analysis in paragraph form using past tense. Elements like number of trials, variables, and limitations should be included. A sample methodology is also provided that describes preparing plant extracts, applying them to filter paper, and testing their antibacterial effects against three microorganisms using the Kirby-Bauer method. The goal is to provide enough detail for reproducibility.

Uploaded by

Jovie Erma Aton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views29 pages

Writing Methodology

This document provides information on writing the methodology section of a science research paper. It discusses including a detailed description of procedures, materials, and methods so the study can be evaluated and repeated. The methodology section should describe the experimental set up, data collection process, and statistical analysis in paragraph form using past tense. Elements like number of trials, variables, and limitations should be included. A sample methodology is also provided that describes preparing plant extracts, applying them to filter paper, and testing their antibacterial effects against three microorganisms using the Kirby-Bauer method. The goal is to provide enough detail for reproducibility.

Uploaded by

Jovie Erma Aton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Methodology

Writing
Fely C. Aquino
Teacher
Objectives:
To familiarize the contents of
Methodology Section
To know the rules in writing the
methodology part of an SIP
To write a sample of methodology
of a Science Investigatory Project
employing the rules
Obtaining the QUALITY ASSURANCE
Display Board
THREADING the ROAD to NSTF 2017
CAR REPRESENTATIVES
Research Cycle

Report Question
1
7
Evaluate 6 2 Plan
Research
Proposal
3 Gather
Synthesize 5
4
Sort, Sift &
Analyze
The Research Process

Identification of the Problem

RESEARCH Review of Literature


PROPOSAL
STAGE
Research Design

Data Collection

Data Analysis & Inference

Writing-Up
METHODOLOGY
Post-Lab Perspective)
 This section describes in sufficient detail the
procedure employed in the research so it can be
evaluated and repeated if necessary. Such
description is important in evaluating the study.
 The interpretation of the results of the study, are
taken in the light of the methods employed. The
validity and reliability enable the reader to put
more confidence on the result of the study.
Reproducibility of data is a primary consideration in
evaluating reliability of the technique. Validity of
the methods ensures that the data gathered are
relevant and appropriate to the problem being
investigated.
Reliability refers to the consistency,
stability, and repeatability of a measure
or research instrument.

 Ifa study or measurement is reliable, it


should produce consistent results when
the same thing is measured multiple
times under the same conditions.
Validity refers to the accuracy and
truthfulness of a measure or research
instrument.
 It addresses whether the tool or
method measures what it intends to
measure.
A valid measurement accurately
represents the concept or construct it
claims to measure.
RELIABILITY VALIDITY
is about consistency . is about accuracy.
A reliable measurement or A valid measurement or
method will produce consistent method accurately measures
results over time, across what it is supposed to
different conditions, or when measure, ensuring that the
used by different researchers. results are meaningful and
relevant to the research.
MATERIALS and METHODS
 The information in this section comes from the
Procedures of the experiment. In the paper, this
information should not be a list of steps.
 This section describes your experiment.
 The materials and methods should be in paragraph
format in past tense.
 Includelevels of treatment, numbers of replications,
and control treatments.
 If living organisms is used, include the species and
the sex of the organism if that information is
relevant to the experiment.
 Do not try to justify your procedures in
this section.
 Write the procedures concisely, but in
paragraph form.
 Do NOT include the details of standard
procedures (e.g., how to use a balance)
or standard equipment (e.g., beakers or
flasks.
 Include details of any statistical analyses
and data transformations. Actual
calculations, however, should not be
shown in the methods section.
 Ifyour methodology involves complicated
preparations (e.g., culture media) or
procedures (phytochemical testing), then
it is acceptable to the original
information source (e.g. lab. Manual) or
include the information in the appendix.
Content of Methodology
a. All processes done during actual experimentation
b. All materials and amounts used in the study
c. Description of experimental and control set ups
d. Kind of data gathered
e. Number of trials and replicates done
f. Description of samples and reference population
g. Management of sample plants and/or animals
h. Sampling technique
i. Identification and classification of variables
j. Chemical, physical and microbial analyses of samples.
k. Manner of data collection, organization and processing
l. Statistical analysis ( test of significance)
m. Limitation in the methods that have been discovered
during the study.
WRITING THE MATERIALS AND METHODS
• The form and style of writing is called
expository. Exposition explains to the
reader what something is, how it works and
how it is related to other things.
• The primary purpose of exposition is to
specify the materials, equipment and
organism used and to describe in sufficient
detail the procedures used so it can be
evaluated and reproduced if the need arises.
Reproducibility of data is important in
evaluating reliability of a research study.
ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL
PROJECT
 Project Data Book
 Research Paper
 Title Page and Table of contents
 Introduction

 Materials and Methods


 Results and Discussion
 Conclusion

 Acknowledgement
1) Project Data Book
A project data book is your most treasured
piece of work.
 Accurate and detailed notes make a logical
and winning project.
 Good notes show consistency and
thoroughness and will help you when writing
your research paper.
 Data tables are also helpful. They may be a
little 'messy' but be sure the quantitative
data recorded is accurate and that units are
included in the data tables. Make sure you
date each entry.
2) Research Paper
 A research paper should be prepared and
available along with the project data book and
any necessary forms or relevant written
materials.
 A research paper helps organize data as well as
thoughts.
 A good paper includes the following
sections:IMRADC
Qualities of a Good
Science Research Project
 Clear and focus objective(s) & sub-problems
 Relevant/meaningful science project
 Appropriate and exhaustive literature review
 Sound and acceptable methodology
 Thorough and accurate analyses of the
results/findings
 Correct and result-based
conclusions/recommendations
 Excellent mode of disseminations
 Written – report
 Oral – presentation
 Visual - poster
Lets Check:
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A. Preparation of materials
Twenty four petri dishes, cut filter paper and
folder, forceps, and three glass containers were sterilized at 121°
C and 15 pounds pressure for 15 minutes and stabilized at 13
minutes.
B. Preparation and application of extracts as antibacterial
Eight hundred (800) grams of pinna & another
five hundred (500) grams of rhizomes were gathered and washed
with tap water and drained separately. The epidermis or outer
covering of the rhizome was removed. Then the materials were
macerated using a mortar and pestle. Few ml of distilled water
was added and 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% of extract mixtures were
obtained.
The extracts were collected and placed on separate containers.
One hundred (100) pieces of round-shaped filter paper with a
diameter of 1 cm were cut using a puncher. Three (3) pieces of
filter paper were soaked in each of the four extract mixtures.
The Bauer-Kirby Procedure was employed for the
antibacterial susceptibility test. Twenty (20) grams of nutrient
agar were dissolved in 1000ml distilled and heated until
completely dissolved. About 10 ml of nutrient agar was poured
into each sterilized petri dish. Then, these were sterilized in an
autoclave at 121o C for 15 minutes cooled down to allow the
culture medium to solidify.
Pure culture of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
and Klebsiella pneumonia was swabbed on the surface of the agar
plates separately. A dividing line on inverted bottom of the plate
was drawn to divide each plate into two equal divisions: one for
rhizome extract and the other one for pinna extract.
The previously soaked round filter papers were arranged
accordingly. The plates were incubated at 37O C for 24 hours. The
development of clear zone around the filter paper called “zone of
inhibition”, indicates the anti-microbial activity of the extracts.
This is an indication of the presence of certain active ingredients
in the extracts which inhibit the growth of the microorganisms.
Willingness to conduct
research is different from
wanting to do it… Be a
catalyst in addressing the
problems of our society.

You might also like