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Sampling Techniques

Here are the steps to solve this assignment: 1. A sampling distribution of sampling means is the theoretical distribution of all possible sample means that could be obtained by randomly sampling from a given population. It describes how sample means would vary between samples. 2. To construct the frequency distribution: - Determine a suitable class interval size, such as 10. - Tabulate the frequency of marks within each class interval. For example, the frequency of marks between 20-29 would be 3. - Construct a table with the class intervals and their corresponding frequencies. Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!

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28 views28 pages

Sampling Techniques

Here are the steps to solve this assignment: 1. A sampling distribution of sampling means is the theoretical distribution of all possible sample means that could be obtained by randomly sampling from a given population. It describes how sample means would vary between samples. 2. To construct the frequency distribution: - Determine a suitable class interval size, such as 10. - Tabulate the frequency of marks within each class interval. For example, the frequency of marks between 20-29 would be 3. - Construct a table with the class intervals and their corresponding frequencies. Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!

Uploaded by

basiliomervin012007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives:

a.Illustrate random sampling;


b.Identify different types of random
sampling
c.Apply random sampling in real-life
situations.
Analyze the given word problem and identify the
following situations whether it is a population,
census or sample.

1. As of 2015, there are 3.678 million Caviteños.


2. 18 out of the 30 students in a class got 75% and
above as their grade in Mathematics during the first
quarter, and the rest got 74% and below.
3. Out of the 70 Senior High School STEM students
who finished General Mathematics for the first
Question:
What is the difference between population,
census and sample based from the given
situations?
Target Population

SAMP
LE

Sample Unit
All university in the
Philippines

All university in Cagayan

List of university in
Cagayan

Three university in Cagayan


SAMPLING BREAKDOWN
Why Sample?
Get information about large populations

Lower cost
More accuracy of results
High speed of data collection
Availability of Population elements.
Less field time
When it’s impossible to study the whole population
3 factors that influence sample representative-
ness
nSampling procedure
nSample size
nParticipation (response)

When might you sample the entire population?


nWhen your population is very small
nWhen you have extensive resources
nWhen you don’t expect a very high response
What is Good Sample?
The sample must be:
1.representative of the population;
2.appropriately sized (the larger the
better);
3.unbiased;
4.random (selections occur by chance);
Picture Analysis: The kind of Samples

Ms. Cruz plans to choose four students from math


club to be in a publicity photo. She considers
different ways of selecting four students.

Can you identify what kind of sample is described?


Are there other kind of sample can you think of?
Activity: Draw a star if the following situation used random
sampling and a heart if not.
1. The game show organizer writes the name of each contestant
on a separate card, shuffled the cards and draw 5 names.
2. Smart selects every 100th cell phone from the assembly line and
conduct a thorough test of quality.
3. A hospital researcher interviews all diabetic patients in each of
10n randomly selected hospitals.
4. When he made an important announcement, his conclusion
was based on 10,000 responses, from 100,000 questionnaires
distributed to students.
5. A psychologist selects 12 boys and 12 girls from each of 4
Mathematics classes.
Sampling
Techniques

Probability Non-
Probability
Probability
Sampling

Simple Stratified Multi-stage


Random/Lottery Random
Sampling Sampling
Sampling

Systematic Cluster
Sampling Sampling
-
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
•Applicable when population is small,
homogeneous & readily available
•All subsets of the frame are given an equal
probability. Each element of the frame thus has
an equal probability of selection. A table of
random number or lottery system is used to
determine which units are to be selected.
Advantages
•Easy method to use
•No need of prior information of population
•Equal and independent chance of
selection to every element

Disadvantages
•If sampling frame large, this method
impracticable.
•Does not represent proportionate reprenation
Suitability
•This method is suitable for small homogeneous
•Randomly selecting units from a sampling frame.
„Random‟ means mathematically each unit from the
sampling frame has an equal probability of being
included in the sample.
•Stages in random sampling:
Randomly Systematically
Develop Assign select the select random
Define
Sampling each unit a amount of numbers unit it
Population
Frame number random meets the sample
numbers size requirements
Systematic Sampling
Similar to simple random
sample. No table of random
numbers – select directly
From sampling frame.
Ratio between sample size and population
size
Systematic Sampling

Work out Select First unit


what according to select by
Develop Decide the fraction of fraction (100 random
Define
sampling sample from numbers then
population sample the frame
1,000 frame every nth unit
frame size the sample
then 10% so selected (e.g.
size every 10th unit every 10th)
represents
Systematic Sampling
ADVANTAGES:
Systematic Sampling
Sample easy to select
 Suitable sampling frame can be identified easily
 Sample evenly spread over entire reference population
 Cost effective

DISADVANTAGES:
 Sample may be biased if hidden periodicity in population
coincides with that of selection.
 Each element does not get equal chance
 Ignorance of all element between two n element
¨ The population is divided into two or more groups
called strata, according to some criterion, such as
geographic location, grade level, age, or income, and
subsamples are randomly selected from each strata.
Advantages:
 Enhancement of representativeness to each sample
 Higher statistical efficiency
 Easy to carry out

Disadvantages:
 Classification error
 Time consuming and expensive
 Prior knowledge of composition and of distribution of population
Cluster sampling is an example of 'two-stage sampling' .
First stage a sample of areas is chosen;
Second stage a sample of respondents within those areas is selected.
Population divided into clusters of homogeneous units, usually
based on geographical contiguity.
Sampling units are groups rather than individuals.
A sample of such clusters is then selected.
All units from the selected clusters are studied.
The population is divided into subgroups (clusters) like families. A
simple random sample is taken of the subgroups and then all
members of the cluster selected are surveyed
Advantages:
 Cuts down on the cost of preparing a sampling frame.
This can reduce travel and other administrative costs.
Disadvantages:
 Sampling error is higher for a simple random sample of same size.
Often used to evaluate vaccination coverage in EPI
Cluster/ multi-stage random sample
• Cluster sampling: selecting a sample based on specific, naturally occurring
groups (clusters) within a population.
- Example: randomly selecting 20 hospitals from a list of all hospitals in
Philippines.

Multi-stage sampling: cluster sampling repeated at a number of levels.-


Example: randomly selecting hospitals by county and then a sample of patients
from each selected hospital.

Complex form of cluster sampling in which two or more levels of units are
embedded one in the other.

First stage, random number of districts chosen in all states.


Followed by random number of talukas, villages.
Then third stage units will be houses.
All ultimate units (houses, for instance) selected at last step are surveyed.
GROUP ACTIVITY: The class will be divided into 3
groups
- The Role Playing group
- The Broadcasting group
- The Commercial group

Each group will think of a situation or problem involving


random sampling, present it in the class in the manner of
role playing, broadcasting and commercial. Rubrics will
be presented before the actual performance.( 10 minutes)
Assignment:
1. Define: sampling distribution of sampling means.
2. Construct a frequency distribution with suitable
class interval size of marks obtained by 50 students
of a class is given below.
23,50,38,42,63,75,12,33,26,39,35,47,43,52,56,59,
64,77,15,21,51,54,72,68,36,65,52,60,27,34,47,48,
55,58,59,62,51,48,50,41,57,65,54,43,56,44,30,46,
67,53

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