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EVOLUTION

This document provides evidence for and explanations of evolution through three main points: 1. It outlines the key proponents of evolution theory, including Jean Baptiste de Lamarck and his ideas on acquired traits being inherited, and Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. 2. It describes three main sources of evidence for evolution: the fossil record, comparative anatomy through homologous and analogous structures, and embryonic development patterns. 3. It explains Darwin's theory of natural selection in more detail, including how environmental factors promote survival of the fittest and eliminate less fit variations, leading to adaptation and potentially speciation over time.

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Mellida Kate Winslet T.
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10 views24 pages

EVOLUTION

This document provides evidence for and explanations of evolution through three main points: 1. It outlines the key proponents of evolution theory, including Jean Baptiste de Lamarck and his ideas on acquired traits being inherited, and Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. 2. It describes three main sources of evidence for evolution: the fossil record, comparative anatomy through homologous and analogous structures, and embryonic development patterns. 3. It explains Darwin's theory of natural selection in more detail, including how environmental factors promote survival of the fittest and eliminate less fit variations, leading to adaptation and potentially speciation over time.

Uploaded by

Mellida Kate Winslet T.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EVIDENCES

OF
EVOLUTION
CRISTINA S. LAIG-PAGALING
Science Teacher
GREETINGS
OPENING
PRAYER
SHORT GAME
Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes which takes
place in the primitive organisms over
millions of years in which new species are produced.

- It is a developmental process by which all organisms


develop from earlier forms of life.
- It is an essential core in all fields of biology

Organic Evolution – takes place in living things


Proponents of the Evolution Theories

1. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck - a French biologist, believed


that traits can be inherited and proposed that organisms
change as their environment changes.
2. Charles Darwin, a naturalist, developed a new theory of
evolution and formulated the ideas that:
a. organisms produce more offspring that can survive;
b. organisms compete for limited resources;
c. variations are present among species; and
d. natural selection constantly occurs.

Modern biologists support Darwin’s theory of Natural


Selection by giving more examples and explanations.
Sources of Evidence for Evolution
1. Fossil Record - tabulated standard international record of
sedimentary rock layers and their fossils
Time periods
Era has the longest time interval consisting of divisions
called period. Periods are further divided into epoch.
2.
2. Comparative Anatomy

Homologous structures -similar in structures but have different


functions like forelimbs of frog, bird, lizard, and human

Analogous structures are those that have similar functions but


different anatomical structures or origin. Examples are wings
of birds, bats, and insects
3. Embryonic Development
-species that are closely related exhibit similar
embryonic development, even when in the adult stage, the
organism are quite different. Genetic variations are brought
about by mutation, a change in the chemical structure of a
gene and genetic recombination
Occurrence of Evolution
On the Origin of Species – book of Charles Darwin
where he published his theories of evolution.
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
- proposed that evolution occurs because of a
phenomenon called natural selection.

Natural selection - process that results in the adaptation


of an organism to its environment by means of
selectively reproducing changes in its genotype, or
genetic constitution.
- Differential survival and reproduction of individuals due
to differences in phenotype; a key mechanism of evolution
- Jean Baptiste de Lamarck – the first scientist to believe
that organisms change over time.

Theories by Lamarck
A. The Theory of Need
- states that organisms change in response to their
environment. Their ability to survive helped them develop
characteristics necessary for them to adapt in a given
environment.
b. The Theory of Use and Disuse
organs not in use will disappear while organs in use will
develop.
c. The Theory of Acquired Characteristics
-long necks of giraffes develop in order to reach food became
acquired characteristics and were believed to be inherited by
their offspring and propagated by the next generation of
giraffes
Darwinian Theory
- giraffe species originally had
varying neck lengths but natural selection favored the
survival of giraffes with longer necks that could feed on
taller trees that were available. Giraffes with short necks
were eliminated due to lack of accessible food supply

Theory of Natural Selection


In Galapagos Island, he observed that finch species have
different beak structures for different food types.
-The abundance of certain finch species in an island
was somehow related to the type of available food for these
birds.

Environmental factors promote the survival of the fittest and


eliminate the less fit.
-Natural selection is the process through which
populations of living organisms
adapt and change. Individuals in a population are naturally
variable, meaning that
they are all different in some ways. This variation means
that some individuals have
traits better suited to the environment than others.
Individuals with adaptive traits —traits that give them some
advantage to survive and reproduce. These individuals then
pass the adaptive traits on to their offspring.
-Natural selection can lead to speciation, where one
species gives rise to a new and distinctly different species.

Speciation is a process within evolution that leads to the


formation of new, distinct species that are reproductively
isolated from one another.
-It is one of the processes that drives evolution and
helps to explain the diversity of life on Earth
-Variation and Adaptation
Organisms struggle for existence in order to survive; they
compete for food and space. Organisms with favorable and
advantageous characteristics survive and reproduce.
-Fitness refers to the ability of an organism to survive and
produce offspring.
Variation – A condition wherein different individuals in a
population possess different characteristics and abilities.

. Adaptation is the ability of an organism to adjust and thrive


in a given environment.
Species -a group of living organisms consisting of
similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or
interbreeding.

Population - a group of individuals of the same species


living and interbreeding within a given area at a specific
time.

Community - refers to the assemblage of interacting


organisms (either of the same or different species) coexisting
in a particular area and time
GRACIAS!

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