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Presentation 1

This is my assignment on the Computer Network subject. Here I present the fundamental concepts of Computer Networking.

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jskri3399
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9 views21 pages

Presentation 1

This is my assignment on the Computer Network subject. Here I present the fundamental concepts of Computer Networking.

Uploaded by

jskri3399
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Computer Network

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


 Network is an interconnection of multiple devices
 that can share resources such as data, a printer, an Internet connection,
applications, or a combination of these resources.

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


Types of Network

PAN
LAN
CAN
MAN
WAN
WLAN

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


LAN

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


MAN

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane
WAN

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA


Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane
Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC


1. Peer to peer
Point-to-point link contains one transmitter and one receiver, with decentralized topology.
file download (request and reply)

2. Bus topology
Point-to-multi-point arrangement.
All the nodes or devices are linked with one transmitter or server computer via a single cable called a backbone.

3. Star topology
Each node has a dedicated point-to-point connection with a central server( centralized topology).

4. Ring topology
Node has a dedicated point-to-point line configuration with two nodes on either side of it. A signal is passed along the ring
in one direction, from node to node, until it reaches its receiver.

5. Mesh topology
Each node has a dedicated point-to-point connection with the rest of the nodes in the network.

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


OSI LAYER
 The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI ) reference model describes how information from one software
application in one computer moves through a network medium to a software application in another
application.
 Have Seven Layer
 Developed by ISO in 1984.

 Application Layer
 Presentation Layer
 Session Layer
 Transport Layer
 Network Layer
 Datalink Layer
 Physical Layer

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane
Application Layer
Application Layer Function
• Closest to the end user.
• Used to exchange data between programs running on
Presentation Layer the source and destination hosts.
• HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, FTP, etc.

Session Layer

Presentation Layer function


Transport Layer • Formatting data at the source device into a compatible
form for the receiving device.
• Decoding, Encryption, Compression
Network Layer

Data-Link Layer Session Layer Function


• Create and maintain dialogs between source and
destination applications.
Physical Layer

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


Application Layer Transport Layer
• Service Point Addressing
Presentation Layer • Segmentation and Reassembling
• Connection Control
• Flow Control, Error Control
Session Layer • TCP, UDP

Transport Layer

Network Layer
Network Layer • The main aim of this layer is to deliver packets from
source to destination across multiple links (networks).
• Routers and gateways operate in the network layer
Data-Link Layer
• IP Address, ICMP.

Physical Layer
Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane
Application Layer Data link layer
• performs the most reliable node-to-node delivery of
Presentation Layer data.
• Framing
• Physical Addressing
Session Layer • Flow Control, Error Control, Access Control

Transport Layer
Physical layer
• It is the lowest layer of the OSI reference model,
Network Layer responsible for sending bits from one computer to another.
• Representation of Bits
• Data Rate
Data-Link Layer
• Synchronization
• Topologies, Transmission medium, Transmission modes
Physical Layer
Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane
Data
Application Layer

Data Data
Presentation Layer

Session layer Data

Segments
Transport Layer Src. Port address Data Dest. Port Address

packets
Network Layer Source IP Address Segments Destination Address
Frames
Data-Link Layer Src. MAC Address Packets Dest. MAC Address
Bits
Physical Layer
Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane
TCP/IP Model

Application Layer • TCP/IP is Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet


Protocol.

• It was designed and developed the by Department of


Transport Layer Defense (DoD) in the 1960s and is based on standard
protocols

• The TCP/IP model is a concise version of the OSI model


Network Layer

Network Access Layer

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


Different Layer Networking Devices

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


Router
Multilayer Switch
Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane
Network Topology

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


Any Questions ?

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane


Thank You!

Complied by Er. Kritee Neupane

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