Techdraw 8

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Pictorial

Drawing
1st quarter
A pictorial drawing is a 2 dimensional
illustration of a 3 dimensional object, it
shows 3 faces of an object in one view, and it
provides a realistic view of an object. There
are three types of pictorial drawings:
isometric drawings, oblique drawings, and
perspective drawings.
It is used quite often in the engineering, inventing, and product
designing worlds.

It provides you with a lot of valuable information that could be


useful later in life, you never know.
● Glass box (or box method)- a way to make
oblique, isometric, and perspective drawings
● Face- a plane or side of an object
● Vanishing point- the point in a perspective drawing
where everything disappears (vanishes), and where
your lines lead to.
● Horizon line- The line in a perspective drawing that the
vanishing point rests on
● Width- an objects side to side dimension
● Height- an objects top to bottom dimension
● Depth- an objects front to back dimension
How to Select a Front View
You can select the front view usually pretty easily, you just have to
find which side of the object satisfies the most of the following:
• Most natural position or use
• Shows the best shape and characteristic contours
• longest dimension
• fewest hidden lines (more on this later)
• most stable and/or natural position
Isometric Drawing
An isometric drawing is a drawing of a three-dimensional shape on a two-
dimensional surface along a vertical line with at least two identified points.
All the horizontal lines of the image are created from the predetermined
vertical line at 30-degree angles.
The drawing of a cube is a very common isometric drawing. Three dimensions
can easily been seen when viewing a cube.
The following are a few isometric drawings that are included to
gain a better understanding of how they are displayed:
`
What Is Oblique Drawing?
Oblique drawing is a drawing in which the front view
of the object is drawn to the correct size, and its side
surfaces are drawn at an angle to give a pictorial
appearance.
An oblique drawing can show an accurate front view
of the object without distortion. Generally, an object’s face is
called the front view.
Oblique Drawing

Oblique drawing is similar to isometric


drawing. In the oblique drawing, the view of the
object is parallel to the plan. And in isometric
drawing, the object is drawn along the plan at an
angle of 30. The angle of elevation on the side of
the oblique drawing is kept at an angle of 30° to 60 ◦.
We may have seen many three-dimensional objects
like a table, kitchen, basketball, etc. in our daily life around
us. Now a three-dimensional object can be easily drawn on a
two-dimensional plane with the oblique drawing.
This type of drawing is a type of technical drawing
used for the construction of two-dimensional (2D) images of
three-dimensional (3D) objects.
This type of drawing is not a thing but a technique to
create a view of it. Which can be used to display
useful images for understanding.
A cube is composed of a three-dimensional object.
But let’s get an idea of ​how to draw a cube drawn on
paper.
You all know that the paper plane is two-dimensional.
But a cube-like three-dimensional solid can be drawn
on paper.
Types of Oblique Drawing
Cavalier Oblique Drawing
● In this type of method, the side face of the object is measured in
actuality and it is made according to the actual size in the drawing.
Cavalier Projection
● Usually, in a drawing, a point of the object is represented by three
coordinates, x, y and z.
● On the drawing, the drawing of the object is represented by only two
coordinates, “x “and” y”. The figure of an object on a flat drawing has
two axes, x, and y while z is perpendicular. The length on these axes
is drawn on a 1: 1 scale.
Cabinet Oblique Drawing

A diagonal drawing where half of the actual size of


the side of the object is taken. In cabinet diagonal
drawings, they are shortened by half of their true
length to compensate for distortions and so that the
human eye can study well. This is why cabinet
drawings are the most used.
Step 1. For oblique drawing 4 × 4 × 4 cubes, take a
square paper with lining as shown below.
Step 2. Draw a 4 × 4 cube according to the shape of
the front view. Which is shown below.
Step 3. Draw a 4 × 4 cube according to the shape of
the back view as shown above. Which is shown
below.
Step 4. Now join the corresponding angles as shown
in the figure below to give the shape of the cube.
Step 5. Show the hidden edges as dotted lines as
shown in the figure.
What is an assembly drawing?
Technical drawings are also called 'engineering drawings,' and they
describe three-dimensional parts and components through the
means of two-dimensional paper. Producing technical drawings is
often referred to as 'drafting' or 'designing,' These drawings come
in various types, such as engineering detail drawings, production
drawings, and assembly drawings. But no matter which type of
drawing is used, its purpose is the same: they are created as
standardized tools for conveying information without verbal
exchanges and despite language barriers.
Five types of assembly drawings
and how they are used:
1. General assembly drawings
General assembly drawings identify the various components and
their relationship. It contains the component's detailed drawing, the
sub-assembly, and the final assembly. The drawing can be divided
into four categories:
a. Design drawings are made in the design stage and show
machines, steel structures, and various constructions to be
assembled from several angles. These drawings help visualize the
object's workings, including its shape and the clearances of
specific parts.

b. Detailed drawings indicate how the components are assembled


and provide specifics like the materials, dimensions, joining
methods, etc. In addition to the regular assembly drawings,
enlarged views of specific parts and how they will fit together can
also be drawn up.
c. Assembly drawings for catalogs are unique assembly drawings
prepared for company catalogs. These drawings show only the
relevant details and dimensions that interest a potential buyer.

d. Assembly drawings for instruction manuals are needed


whenever a finished machine must be disassembled for shipping,
reassembled, and installed at its destination. Each component in
these drawings is numbered to aid in the reassembly process
2. Exploded assembly drawing
These technical drawings show the components of an assembly
slightly separated or suspended in space in the assembly sequence.
This "exploded" view clarifies how the final product will fit
together, making it easier to understand even for a layperson.
These are the drawings found in parts catalogs, assemblies,
manuals, or instructional materials.
3. Installation drawings

Installation drawings help workers with the erection or


assembly of a product.
They supply information on how a component will be
positioned in relation to its supporting or adjacent
elements.
It will also show parts, dimensional data, hardware
descriptions, and a general configuration.
4. Schematic assembly drawings

A schematic drawing is a simplified illustration of


components using standardized symbols and lines.
Schematic diagrams include only necessary details. For
example, a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit will
show how the wires and components are connected
without photographs of the circuit itself.
5. Machine shop drawing

The machine shop drawings are for the machinist or


machine operator. Because this person is unconcerned
about information related to the previous stages or
operations, only the information about the machined
part's function is included in the part drawing.
The Importance of Assembly Drawings
Producing any mechanism on a large scale will require numerous
assemblies and sub-assemblies that must be accurately
manufactured. Without assembly drawings, technical information
would be communicated by speech or writing rather than graphical
language, resulting in expensive misunderstandings, mistakes, and
wasted time. The effective use of assembly drawings has been
pivotal in safely producing vehicles, aircraft, and structures on
which lives might depend.
Assembly drawings typically provide enough information to enable
the assembly of a component, and they will usually include the
following:
• Two or more parts or subordinate assemblies

• Sufficient orthogonal views showing how the parts fit together

• Section views to show how pieces fit and to reveal hidden details

• Dimensions are not shown on assembly drawings unless to indicate the


overall size of the assembly or for machining operations needed for
assembly.
• Requirements for processes, protective finishes, and other
relevant data for completing the item as an assembly

• A bill of materials (parts list) specifying a unique identifier for


items that become a part of the assembly

• The revision or issue information


What is Included in the Assembly Drawing's
Bill of Materials?
A bill of materials is a complete list of the items
comprising an assembly of detailed parts presented on a
technical drawing. Whether included in the assembly
drawing or as a separate document, the BOM provides
valuable information to produce the items.
• Item number: The relevant item reference number is shown on
the drawing and listed in sequential order
• Part name: Abbreviations may be used if they do not confuse.
Use its traditional designation if the item describes a standard
part, such as a nut or bolt.
• Quantity: The number of that specific part required for one
complete assembly
• Drawing number
• Material
Assembly drawings play an indispensable role in product design
and mechanical engineering, as they provide essential visual
representations of the assembly process for various parts and
components. By utilizing a drawing sheet and assembly file,
professionals can effectively communicate the intricacies of
product assembly to engineers, manufacturers, and assembly
technicians, ensuring a smooth transition from the design phase to
the manufacturing phase.
https://eziil.com/assembly-drawings
2nd Periodic Test in Technical Drawing
What are the 5 types of Assembly drawing and how they are being used?
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