Introduction to Health Care Data

Analytics
Module 1: Introduction to Quality
Improvement and Data Analytics
Lecture b
This material was developed through a collaboration between Bellevue College and the Veterans Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, funded in part by the Department of Health and Human
Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology award number 90WT0002.

Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit
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 Introduction to Quality
Improvement and Data Analytics
Learning Objectives
• Discuss drivers for health care transformation
• Identify quality initiatives that have shaped the national
health care landscape
• Define health care quality and value
• Describe the background and evolution of quality and
performance improvement
• Discuss the quality improvement (QI) frameworks that
utilize analytics
• Define health care data analytics
• Discuss how analytics can help transform health care

2
 Overview

• Define data analytics

• Review the three basic types of analytics:
– Descriptive
– Predictive
– Prescriptive
• Consider how big data and data analytics
can support performance improvement

3
How Does Industry Use Data
Analytics?

4
Growth of Data Analytics in
Health Care

5
 Health Care Data Revolution:
Why?
• “In the last five years, more scientific data
has been generated than in the entire
history of mankind.” Winston Hide, 2012
• Health care data is one of the fastest-
growing segments at 48 percent per year
• Growth due to increased data sources
resulting from technologic advances

6
 “Big Data”
• Size and complexity
exceeds capacity of
traditional database tools
• The V’s of big data
– Volume
– Variety
– Velocity
– Veracity
• Mining for value
WhatIs.com, 2013
7
 Population Health

• Defined by David Kindig and Greg Stoddart,

2003, as the “health outcomes of a group of
individuals, including the distribution of such
outcomes within the group”
• Population health management:
– Focuses on interrelated conditions and factors
– Identifies trends and patterns of occurrence
– Uses the knowledge generated to drive actions aimed
at improving overall health and well-being

8
 Data Analytics Defined

Analytics is
• A system of tools and techniques used to
generate insight from data by discerning
patterns and relationships
• The systematic computational analysis of
data or statistics
• The method of logical analysis

9
Types of Analytics

10
 Descriptive Analytics

• First (simplest) level

of analytics
• Summarizes
(describes) data
using simple
statistics
• Reports typically
graphs, dashboards,
score cards
Image: Bmgt601/wikispaces (CC BY SA)
11
 Predictive Analytics

• Determines what is
likely to happen
based on analysis
of historical data
• Uses advanced
analytics tools
including statistical
modeling and
algorithms
Health IT Analytics, 2015; XMPRO, and Data Science Community, 2013
12
 Prescriptive Analytics

• Recommends the
best course of action
• Uses mathematically
based techniques of
optimization,
simulation, game
theory, artificial
intelligence, and
metaheuristics

Ingram Micro, 2016; IBM, 2016

13
Advancing Analytics

14
 Analytics Contributes to Cost
Effectiveness and Efficiency

Fraud Prevention Administration and

• Fraud estimated at $65 billion Management
annually
•Data-driven decision making
• Excessive charges
• Fraudulent records
o Operations management
• Kickbacks and self-referrals
o Process and workflow
improvement

15
 Data Analytics Enhances
Clinical Effectiveness

Population Health and Clinical Decision Support:

Personalized Medicine: • Analytics facilitates “timely,
• Data provides clues to actionable information and
disparities, individual variation, insight to providers at the point
and treatment options based on of care”
genomics, lifestyle, and
environmental factors
Strome, 2013; HealthIT.gov, 2013; National Institutes of Health, 2015 16
 Health Care Data Analytics
in Action

TIBCO Software, 2015

17
Data Analytics Delivers!

18
 Toward a Learning Health System

“Fundamentally, the
Learning Health System
converts data about
care and operations into
knowledge that it
translates into
evidence-based clinical
practice and health
system change.”

Health Affairs, 2013; Institute of Medicine, 2012 Image: © 2016 National Academy of Sciences
19
 Summary of Module

• Data serves as the

cornerstone of healthcare
transformation and the
foundation of the Learning
Health System
• Analytics provides insight
and direction through
descriptive, predictive, and
prescriptive analytics
20
 Introduction to Quality
Improvement and Data Analytics
References – Lecture b
References
ACL Services Ltd. (2014). Fraud detection using data analytics in the healthcare industry [discussion,
whitepaper]. Retrieved from https://www.acl.com/pdfs/DP_Fraud_detection_HEALTHCARE.pdf
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2014). Hospital uses data analytics and predictive
modeling to identify and allocate scarce resources to high-risk patients, leading to fewer
readmissions. Retrieved from
https://innovations.ahrq.gov/profiles/hospital-uses-data-analytics-and-predictive-modeling-identify-
and-allocate-scarce-resources?id=3994

Bresnick, J. (2015, Apr. 21). Four use cases for healthcare predictive analytics, big data. HealthIT
Analytics News. Retrieved from
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[specif. Slide 12].
Burke, J. (2013). Health analytics: Gaining the insights to transform health care. New York: Wiley.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Medicaid Integrity Institute (2014). Data analytic
capabilities assessment for Medicaid program integrity. Retrieved from
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ads/data-analytic-assesstoolkit-092214.pdf
Data Science Community (2013). What is machine learning? Tag Archives: Supervised Learning Data
Science 101 (Coursera). Retrieved from
http://101.datascience.community/tag/supervised-learning
DS Examiner (2014, Feb. 21). 3 Ways big data is improving public health [weblog post]. Retrieved 21
from http://www.mastersindatascience.org/blog/3-ways-big-data-is-improving-public-health
 Introduction to Quality
Improvement and Data Analytics
References – Lecture b – Continued
Falk, L. (2015). What is population health and how does it compare to public health? Salt Lake City,
Utah: Health Catalyst. Retrieved from https://www.healthcatalyst.com/what-is-population-health
Grant, E. (2012, Spring/Summer). The promise of big data. Harvard Public Health. Retrieved from
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/magazine/spr12-big-data-tb-health-costs [specif. Slide 6].
Harvard School of Public Health (2012, Spring/Summer). The promise of big data. Retrieved from
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/magazine/spr12-big-data-tb-health-costs
Health Catalyst. (2013). How to reduce healthcare labor costs by using an EDW and analytics.
Retrieved from
https://www.healthcatalyst.com/success_stories/texas-childrens-hospital-using-a-healthcare-enter
prise-data-warehouse-and-analytics-to-reduce-labor-costs
HealthIT Gov. (2013). Clinical decision support (CDS). Retrieved from
https://www.healthit.gov/policy-researchers-implementers/clinical-decision-support-cds
Henchey, P. (2013). The many types of clinical analytics. HIMSS Business and Intelligence Primer
Module 3. Retrieved from
http://www.himss.org/library/clinical-business-intelligence/clinical-business-intelligence-primer/type
s-of-clinical-analytics?navItemNumber=18255
IBM. (2016). Prescriptive analytics (Overview tab). Retrieved from
http://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/en/category/prescriptive-analytics
Ingram Micro. (2016). Four types of big data analytics and examples of their use. Retrieved from
http://www.ingrammicroadvisor.com/data-center/four-types-of-big-data-analytics-and-examples-of-
their-use

22
 Introduction to Quality
Improvement and Data Analytics
References – Lecture b – Continued 2
JASON, The MITRE Corporation. (2014). Data for individual health. Rockville, MD: Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved from
https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/2014-JASON-data-for-individual-health.pdf
Kindig, D., and Stoddard, G. (2003). What is population health? American Journal of Public Health
93(3), 380–83. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12604476 [specif. Slide 8].
Kumar, A. (2015). Demand for data analysis skills fuels rise in “Masters in Data Analytics” [weblog
post]. Retrieved from: http://3ktechnologies.com/blog/page/2 [specif. Slide 17].
Kupersmith, J. (2013, Jan. 14). New approaches to learning in the learning healthcare system
[weblog post]. Retrieved from http://
healthaffairs.org/blog/2013/01/14/new-approaches-to-learning-in-the-learning-healthcare-system
[specif. Slide 19].
Landi, H. (2015, Oct. 23). How eliminating waste and opening data helped Kaiser South Sacramento
create a “no wait” ER. Healthcare Informatics. Retrieved from http://
www.healthcare-informatics.com/article/how-eliminating-waste-and-opening-data-helped-kaiser-so
uth-sacramento-create-no-wait-er
[specif. Slide 18].
Leventhal, R. (2014, Dec. 6). Report: Healthcare data is growing exponentially, needs protection.
Healthcare Informatics. Retrieved from http://
www.healthcare-informatics.com/news-item/report-healthcare-data-growing-exponentially-needs-p
rotection
[specif. Slide 6].
McNulty, E. (2014, June 25). Understanding big data: machine learning. DataconomyMedia.
23
Retrieved from http://dataconomy.com/understanding-big-data-machine-learning [specif. Slide 12].
 Introduction to Quality
Improvement and Data Analytics
References – Lecture b – Continued 3
Myers, R.K., and Van Horn, M. (2008). Why use dashboard metrics? [white paper]. Portsmouth, NH:
RKM Research and Communications. Retrieved from
http://www.rkm-research.com/downloads/Why-Dashboard.pdf
National Institutes of Health. (n.d.). About the Precision Medicine Initiative cohort program. Retrieved
from https://www.nih.gov/precision-medicine-initiative-cohort-program [specif. Slide 16].
Smith, M. (2012). Best care at lower cost: The path to continuously learning healthcare in America
(Briefing slides) [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from
http://iom.nationalacademies.org/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Quality/LearningHealthCare/Rele
ase%20Slides.pdf
Spotfire Blogging Team. (2015, Sept. 14). Minnesota saves $2B with healthcare analytics [weblog
post]. Retrieved from
http://www.tibco.com/blog/2015/09/14/minnesota-saves-2b-with-healthcare-analytics/
Strome, T. L. (2013). Healthcare analytics for quality and performance improvement. New York: Wiley
[specif. Slide 16].
Wigmore, I. (2013). 3 V’s (volume, variety and velocity). WhatIs.com. Retrieved from http://
whatis.techtarget.com/definition/3Vs [specif. Slide 7].
XMPro. (2015). 10 Predictive analytics use cases by industry. Retrieved from
http://xmpro.com/10-predictive-analytics-use-cases-by-industry

24
 Introduction to Quality
Improvement and Data Analytics
References – Lecture b – Continued 4
Images
Slide 11: Pegasus executive dashboards. Reprinted from: MGT 601 human resource information
systems HR dashboards. Retrieved from http://bmgt601.wikispaces.com/HR+Dashboards.
Slide 19: Continuous learning, best care, lower cost: The path to continuously learning health care in
America. Reprinted from Institute of Medicine National Academies. Retrieved from
http://iom.nationalacademies.org/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Quality/LearningHealthCare/Rele
ase%20Slides.pdf

25
 Introduction to Health Care Data
Analytics: Introduction to Quality
Improvement and Data Analytics
This material was developed through a
collaboration between the Veterans Health
Administration and Bellevue College, with
Bellevue College funded by the Department
of Health and Human Services, Office of the
National Coordinator for Health Information
Technology under Award Number
90WT0002.
Version 1.0/Fall 2016 26