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Lecture 6 - Equilibrium Part 2

This document discusses static equilibrium, including: - Conditions for static equilibrium including no net force and no net torque - Center of gravity and its importance for stability - Examples of static equilibrium problems and how to set them up - Types of stability including stable, neutrally stable, and unstable equilibriums

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34 views25 pages

Lecture 6 - Equilibrium Part 2

This document discusses static equilibrium, including: - Conditions for static equilibrium including no net force and no net torque - Center of gravity and its importance for stability - Examples of static equilibrium problems and how to set them up - Types of stability including stable, neutrally stable, and unstable equilibriums

Uploaded by

anyiethyai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PART 2

• Today, Chapter 12:

• Conditions for Static Equilibrium

• Center of Gravity

• Static Equilibrium Problems

• Stability
Last day I asked
 The supports to the diving board provide a vertical force on the
board so the diver will not fall. What are the directions of the
force on the board at point 1 and point 2: up or down? Why?

1 2 4m
100 N
1m
• Centre of mass is the average position of all the mass that makes up the
object.

• Centre of gravity (CG) is the average position of weight distribution.


– Since here on Earth weight and mass are proportional, centre of
gravity and centre of mass always refer to the same point of an object.
Gravitational
Torque
• When calculating the
torque due to gravity, you
may treat the object as if
all its mass were
concentrated at the
centre of mass.
• A 4.00 m long, 500 kg steel beam is
supported 1.20 m from the right end.
What is the gravitational torque about the
support?
Equilibrium When Rotation is Possible
• The condition for a rigid body to be in static equilibrium is that there is no
net force and no net torque.
• No matter which pivot point you choose, an object that is not rotating is not
rotating about that point.

• For a rigid body in total


equilibrium, there is no net
torque about any point.
Static Equilibrium Problems
• In equilibrium, an object has no net force and no net torque.
• Draw an extended free-body diagram that shows where each
force acts on the object.
• Set up x and y axes, and choose a rotation axis. All of these
choices should be done to simplify your calculations.
• Each force has an x and y component and a torque. Sum all
of these up.
• Three equations which you can use are:

F x 0 F y 0   0
Learning Catalytics Question.

An object could be in static equilibrium when


A. only one force is acting on it.
B. two or more forces are acting on it.
C. only one torque is acting on it.
• A uniform steel beam of length L and mass
m1 is attached via a hinge to the side of a
building.
• The beam is supported by a steel cable
attached to the end of the beam at an angle
θ, as shown.
• Through the hinge, the wall exerts an
unknown force, , on the beam.
• A workman of mass m2 sits eating lunch a
distance d from the building.
a. Find T, the tension in the cable.
b. Find Fx, the x-component of the force
exerted by the wall on the beam (), using
the axis shown.
a. Find T, the tension in the cable.
b. Find Fx, the x-component of the force
exerted by the wall on the beam (), using
the axis shown.
Centre of Gravity—Stability
The location of the centre of gravity is
important for stability.
• If we draw a line straight down from the
centre of gravity and it falls inside the base
of the object, it is in stable equilibrium; it
will balance.
• If it falls outside the base, it is unstable.
Learning Catalytics Question

C
B
A

D. All three of the trucks will tip over.


E. None of the three will tip over.
Demo and example
• One block of length L is hanging off the edge of a table.
How far off the edge can it go without tipping?
Demo and example
• Two blocks have length L. The top one is hanging a distance L/2
off the one below it.
• How far off the edge can the bottom block be before the entire
stack topples over?
Demo and example
• Three blocks have length L. The top one is hanging a distance
L/2 off the one below it. The one below that is hanging a
distance L/4 off the one below it.
• How far off the edge can the bottom block be before the entire
stack topples over?
Demo and example
• Three blocks have length L. The top one is hanging a distance
L/2 off the one below it. The one below that is hanging a
distance L/4 off the one below it. The one below that is hanging a
distance L/6 off the one below it.
• How far off the edge can the bottom block be before the entire
stack topples over?
Stability
• An equilibrium is stable if a slight disturbance from equilibrium
results in forces and/or torques that tend to restore the
equilibrium.

• An equilibrium is unstable if a slight disturbance causes the


system to move away from the original equilibrium.

Cone on its base is Cone on its tip is


stable unstable
Kinds of Stability

What kind of equilibrium is this?


A.Stable
B.Neutrally stable
C.Unstable
D.Metastable
Kinds of Stability

What kind of equilibrium is this?


A.Stable
B.Neutrally stable
C.Unstable
D.Metastable
Kinds of Stability

What kind of equilibrium is this?


A.Stable
B.Neutrally stable
C.Unstable
D.Metastable
Kinds of Stability

What kind of equilibrium is this?


A.Stable
B.Neutrally stable
C.Unstable
D.Metastable
Before Class 20 on Monday
 Please read sections 13.1 and 13.2 of chapter 13 on oscillations, or
at least watch the Preclass 20 Video

 The preclass quiz is due Wednesday morning at 8:00am.


 Something to think about over the weekend: A spring with a mass
attached to it is stretched and released. When the spring returns to
equilibrium, is the mass moving?

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