NUMBER SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES:

1. To distinguish the different number systems.

2. To convert a number system to another number system.
 Number Systems

Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal

Numeric Systems.
Conversions among the different
systems
Decimal Numbering systems

Base: 10
Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Decimal Numbering systems

Base: 10
Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
 Binary Numbering systems
• Base: 2
• Digits: 0, 1
• binary number: 1101012

positional powers of 2: 25 24 23 22 21 20
decimal positional value: 32 16 8 4 2 1
binary number: 1 1 0 1 0 1
 Binary to Decimal Conversion

• To convert to base 10, add all the values

where a one digit occurs.
Ex: 1101012

positional powers of 2: 25 24 23 22 21 20
decimal positional value: 32 16 8 4 2 1
binary number: 1 1 0 1 0 1
32 + 16 + 4 + 1 = 5310
Ex: 1010112

positional powers of 2: 25 24 23 22 21 20
decimal positional value:
binary number:
Ex: 1010112

positional powers of 2: 25 24 23 22 21 20
decimal positional value: 32 16 8 4 2 1
binary number: 1 0 1 0 1 1
32 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 4310
• The Division Method. Divide by 2 until you reach zero,
and then collect the remainders in reverse.
Ex 1: 5610 = 1110002
2 ) 56 Rem:
2 ) 28 0
2 ) 14 0
2) 7 0
2) 3 1
2) 1 1
0 1
Ex 2: 3510 =

2) Rem:
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
Answer: 3510 = 2
 Character Representation
Ex: Find the binary ASCII and decimal ASCII values for
the ‘&’ character.
Rightmost Leftmost Three Bits
Four Bits 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
0000 NUL DLE Space 0 @ P ` p
0001 SOH DC1 ! 1 A Q a q
0010 STX DC2 " 2 B R b r
0011 ETX DC3 # 3 C S c s
0100 EOT DC4 $ 4 D T d t
0101 ENQ NAK % 5 E U e u
0110 ACK SYN & 6 F V f v
0111 BEL ETB ' 7 G W g w
1000 BS CAN ( 8 H X h x
1001 HT EM ) 9 I Y I y
1010 LF SUB * : J Z j z
1011 VT ESC + ; K [ k {
1100 FF FS , < L \ l |
1101 CR GS - = M ] m }
1110 SO RS . > N ^ n ~
1111 SI US / ? O _ o DEL
 Character Representation
ASCII Table
From the chart:
‘&’ = 0100110 (binary ASCII value)

Convert the binary value to decimal:

01001102 = 32 + 4 + 2 = 3810

Therefore:
‘&’ = 38 (decimal ASCII value)
 Octal Numbering systems
• Base: 8
• Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
• Octal number: 12468

powers of : 84 8 3 8 2 8 1 80
decimal value: 4096 512 64 8 1
Octal number: 1 2 4 6
 Octal to Decimal Conversion
• To convert to base 10, beginning with the
rightmost digit multiply each nth digit by
8(n-1), and add all of the results together.
Ex: 12468
positional powers of 8: 8 3 82 81 80
decimal positional value: 512 64 8 1
Octal number: 1 2 4 6
512 + 128 + 32 + 6 = 67810
Ex: 103528

positional powers of 8: 84 83 82 81 80
decimal positional value:
Octal number:
• The Division Method. Divide by 8 until you reach
zero, and then collect the remainders in reverse.
Ex 1: 433010 = 103528
8 ) 4330 Rem:
8 ) 541 2
8 ) 67 5
8) 8 3
8) 1 0
0 1
Ex 2: 81010 =

8 ) 810 Rem:
8)
8)
8)

Answer: 81010 = 8
 Hexadecimal Numbering systems

• Base: 16
• Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
• Hexadecimal number: 1F416

powers of : 164 163 162 161 160

decimal value: 65536 4096 256 16 1
Hexadecimal number: 1 F 4
Four-bit Group Decimal Digit Hexadecimal Digit
0000 0 0
0001 1 1
0010 2 2
0011 3 3
0100 4 4
0101 5 5
0110 6 6
0111 7 7
1000 8 8
1001 9 9
1010 10 A
1011 11 B
1100 12 C
1101 13 D
1110 14 E
1111 15 F
 Hexa to Decimal Conversion
• To convert to base 10, beginning with the
rightmost digit multiply each nth digit by
16(n-1), and add all of the results together.
Ex: 1F416
positional powers of 16: 16 3 162 161 160
decimal positional value: 4096 256 16 1
Hexadecimal number: 1 F 4
256 + 240 + 4 = 50010
Ex: 7E16

positional powers of 16: 163 162 161 160

decimal positional value:
Hexa number:
• The Division Method. Divide by 16 until
you reach zero, and then collect the
remainders in reverse.
Ex 1: 12610 = 7E16
16) 126 Rem:
16) 7 14=E
0 7
Ex 2: 81010 =

16 ) 810 Rem:
16 )
16 )

Answer: 81010 = 16
 Binary to Octal Conversion
• Since the maximum value represented in 3 bit is
equal to:
23 – 1 = 7

• i.e. using 3 bits we can represent values from 0 –7

which are the digits of the Octal numbering system.

• Thus, three binary digits can be converted to one

octal digit and visa versa.
Three-bit Group Decimal Digit Octal Digit
000 0 0
001 1 1
010 2 2
011 3 3
100 4 4
101 5 5
110 6 6
111 7 7
Ex :
Convert 7428 = 2

7 = 111
4 = 100
2 = 010

7428 = 111 100 0102

Ex :
Convert 101001102 = 8

110 = 6
100 = 4
010 = 2 ( pad empty digits with 0)

101001102 = 2468
Four-bit Group Decimal Digit Hexadecimal Digit
0000 0 0
0001 1 1
0010 2 2
0011 3 3
0100 4 4
0101 5 5
0110 6 6
0111 7 7
1000 8 8
1001 9 9
1010 10 A
1011 11 B
1100 12 C
1101 13 D
1110 14 E
1111 15 F
Ex :
Convert 3D916 = 2

3 = 0011
D = 1101
9 = 1001

3D916 = 0011 1101 10012

Ex :
Convert 101001102 = 16

0110 = 6
1010 = A

101001102 = A616
• To convert between Octal to Hexadecimal
numbering systems and visa versa convert
from one system to binary first then convert
from binary to the new numbering system
Ex :
Convert E8A16 = 8

1110 1000 10102

111 010 001 010 (group by 3 bits)

7 2 1 2

E8A16 = 72178
Ex :
Convert 7528 = 16

111 101 0102 (group by 4 bits)

0001 1110 1010

1 E A

7528 = 1EA16
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